• 산업공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2009

A questionnaire survey was carried out in order to understand the discomfort when people experience in reading Korean characters of displays. In the survey, 499 respondents (276 males and 223 females), whose ages ranged from 10s to 70s, participated, while 19.6% of the respondents were over 60 years old. The mean visual acuity was 0.93, while it decreased as the age increases from 40s. Approximately 41.4% of the respondents, 98% of them were over 40s, reported that they experienced presbyopia. It was found that the percentage of the respondents who experienced the discomfort much in reading Korean characters significantly increased as the age increases from 40s. The respondents over 40s reported different discomfort experiences according to the type of displays. It was found that the respondents thought that the main reason for the discomfort in reading is related to the character size. The survey results showed that the Korean text in the displays should be designed to be easily readable by the main users.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2010

This study surveyed the reading discomforts and the reasons for discomfortable reading of the safety and health information (texts and icons) presented on the agricultural vehicles/machines, pesticides, fertilizers, and feeds. Eighty seven people residing in rural area participated in the survey interview. Questionnaire survey showed that the most discomfortable product in reading the texts was pesticides. Forty three (49%) among participants had very-discomfortable or discomfortable in reading the texts used in the label of pesticides, and the main reason for the discomfort was small text size. The reading discomforts in reading the texts (varied from 4 point to 19 point and presented in 50 cm reading distance) showed different pattern according to the age groups. Three age groups (50s, 60s and older than 70s) showed a similar discomfort pattern, but different from the group of 30s and 40s. Forty four people (51%) had a problem in understanding the meaning of the icons and the main reasons were the small size and the difficulty in inferring the meaning of the icons. Thus, the more detailed and practical guidelines for the presentation format, particularly about the text heights and the size of icons, are required. Also, more comprehensive research is needed to investigate the readability and legibility of texts and icons.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2009

A visual stress may provoke migraine, cephalalgia, intervene a long term reading and learning capability and reduce the productivity of a laborer who uses computer for a good while. In this study, a web based screening tool for visual stress was developed, it applied to 72 visually normal young persons in parallel with traditional questionnaire about symptoms of visual stress. To estimate visual stress, It is proposed to measure difference of visual search time of Han Gul characters as targets between visual stressful pattern and non-visual stressful pattern as global background of characters. As a result of test, 5 subjects were screened whose mean visual search time in the stressful pattern with 6 CPD spatial frequency increase significantly more than in none stressful pattern(t-test, one-tailed, p=$1.0407\times10^{-11}$). 2 of them were diagnosed as mild visual stress syndrome in the clinic. None had visual distortion and 50% of subjects had visual discomfort in results of the questionnaire. Correlation between visual search time increase rate and normalized number of visual discomfort may be slight(C. coefficient=0.1355). This study may contribute as a basic research for screening person with migraine, visual reading disabilities and VDT syndrome. It is required to apply the test to visual reading disabilities, migraine with visual distortion and/or visual discomfort as well as normal person for higher reliability of the screening tool.

• 감성과학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2014

2009년 아이폰의 국내 출시 이후 스마트폰의 보급이 급격히 증가하여 기존에 다양한 장비로 수행되어 오던 작업이 스마트폰으로 대체되었다. 이 과정에서 스마트폰의 작은 화면을 통하여 글자를 읽는 과제를 수행하는 비중이 상당히 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 일상적인 스마트폰 사용 환경에서 디스플레이 요인(화소 밀집도, 화소 하부구조, 휘도)과 환경 요인(조명 조도)이 글자를 읽을 때의 가독성 관련 불편감에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 확인하였다. 그 결과 지각된 가독성 관련 불편감에 영향을 미치는 것은 주로 화소 밀집도로, 화소 밀집도가 300 PPI미만인 경우 글자를 읽는데 불편함을 느낀다는 것을 확인하였다. 조명 조도는 제한적인 영향을 보였다. 참가자들은 조명 조도가 변화 할 때 변화하지 않을 때 보다 더 큰 가독성 관련 불편감을 보고하였다. 화소 하부구조와 밝기는 가독성 관련 불편감에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 가독성을 고려할 때 다양한 크기를 가지는 스마트 기기(스마트 폰, 태블릿 컴퓨터)에서 가독성을 해치지 않는 해상도의 하한선을 제안하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

Safety and health related information for the proper use and handling of pesticides is usually printed on the surface of the pesticide products (bottle type or bag type) in the form of texts. But, the guidelines or standards for the appropriate presentation of the texts for the pesticide products are most vague or not practical. Thus, this study aimed to provide the preliminary guidelines for the text sizes based on the legibility experiments. Total twenty subjects from two age groups (young: n=10, old: n=10, five males and five females in each group) participated in the experiment. First, subjects read the text cards presented in the distance of 50cm from the eyes of the subjects. Eight different text card sets were prepared for different font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness of font(plain and bold), and number of syllables (2 and 3 syllables). When subjects read the cards, the correctness of reading (correct or wrong) was recorded and the degree of discomfort (from 1: no discomfort at all to 4: can't read at all) was also evaluated for all the text sizes. Results showed that the character size should be 4 pt or larger for the young subjects to read at least one word correctly in all the text conditions. For the old subjects to read at least one word correctly, the character size should be five pt or larder. The average of the minimum character sizes for 100% correct answer is 6.1 pt for young subjects and 10.5 pt for old subjects, respectively.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2014

Objective: This study aims to develop a new desk with a built-in bookholder and desktop-mounted sliding drawer for reducing stress of seated reading postures and to analyze its effect. Background: It is general for readers to bend their back and neck when reading books on desks, which may result in high back and neck postural stress. In addition, postures using vertically layered drawers positioned at the side of users may be awkward. Method: For reducing the postural stress, a new desk with a built-in bookholder and sliding drawer was developed based on a standard of KS G 4208 for student desk. The muscle activities of reading postures on both existing and new desks were measured using EMG, in which seven male and three female college students participated. The postural stress, and musculoskeletal discomfort and ease of usage for existing and new drawers were analyzed by RULA and questionnaire survey, respectively. Results: Compared to existing desk, the muscle activity for the new desk with a bookholder was reduced by 47% when reading books. In addition, musculoskeletal discomforts in the shoulder, neck and low back were significantly lower when using the new desk with a bookholder. Although the stresses for postures using the desktop-mounted sliding drawer and general drawer were not significantly different, the questionnaire survey revealed that the new desktop-mounted sliding drawer is easier to use. Conclusion: A new desk developed in this study significantly reduced postural stress and enhanced subjective preference when reading. Application: This would be useful when developing new desks with low postural stress.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2015

This study tried to investigate the difference of the legibility in different age groups (young and old) with same near visual acuity and to provide preliminary guidelines for the text sizes in the pesticides products based on the legibility experiments. To achieve the objective, legibility evaluation experiments were conducted to test the effects of different age(20s, 50-60s), gender, font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness (plain and bold), and number of syllables(2 and 3 syllables) in the same near visual acuity(0.6). The results showed that legibility 50s was higher than 20s. And 20s are appealed higher discomfort than 50s. Considering these experimental results, it was recommended that the 14 pt or larger characters (100% readable size) should be used the important information such as toxicity, and the minimum character size was 7 pt (50% readable size) for other information.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.233-256
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• 2006

대학생의 전자책 이용에 대한 이해를 돕고 현황을 파악하기 위하여 A대학교 학생들을 표집하여 설문조사와 면접을 수행하였다. 466명의 응답에 기초하여 분석한 결과를 보면, 대학생들의 전자책과 서비스에 대한 인지도는 낮은편이며, 약 30%가 이용경험을 가지고 있고, 접근경로는 대학도서관사이트가 지배적이다. 이용자의 73%가 3권 이하의 전자책을 읽었으며, 이용 분야는 다양하나 문학과 장르문학에 차져 있고, 목적은 학술적 독서와 개인적 독서로 양분되어 있다. 부가기능에 대한 인지도와 활용 수준은 미약하다. 이용자들의 만족도 또한 낮고, 50%이상이 중립적 견해를 보이고 있다. 이용 경험이 없는 학생들의 비이용요인은 주로 불편함과 관련지식 부족으로 나타났다. 그러나 비이용자의 약 88%가 향후 이용의지를 표명하고 있다. 면접조사 결과를 보면, 적극적 이용자들은 전자책의 유용성을 인식하고, 화면독서에 친숙하며, 실용도서를 이용하는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러나 이들의 부가기능 인지도 및 활용수준 그리고 만족도 또한 낮다 분석 결과에 따라, 이용활성화를 위한 홍보, 생산의 다양화, 교육, 서비스 평가의 필요성이 제언되었다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2022

As a result of the global effect of infectious diseases like COVID-19, remote patient monitoring has become a vital need. Surgical ICU monitors are attached around the clock for patients in critical care. Most ICU monitor systems, on the other hand, lack an output port for transferring data to an auxiliary device for post-processing. Similarly, strapping a slew of wearables to a patient for remote monitoring creates a great deal of discomfort and limits the patient's mobility. Hence, an unique remote monitoring technique for the ICU monitor's physiologically vital readings has been presented, recognizing this need as a research gap. This mechanism has been put to the test in a variety of modes, yielding an overall accuracy of close to 90%.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2018

본 연구는 젊은 성인에서 근업시간에 따른 눈 피로도의 정도를 파악하고, 시각적 불편함의 종류를 분석하였다. 평균 연령 25.37세의 347명(남 142명, 여 205명)을 대상으로 눈 피로도와 관련 요인에 대해 설문하였다. 눈 피로도는 Conlon 등이 개발한 시각적 불편함에 관한 설문 도구를 이용하였고, 근업시간은 일일 컴퓨터와 스마트폰 사용을 조사하였다. 대상자의 눈 피로도는 근업시간이 2시간미만, 2~4시간, 4~6시간, 그리고 6시간 이상일 때 각각 $13.65{\pm}7.11$점, $16.83{\pm}6.77$점, $18.88{\pm}6.60$점, 그리고 $18.83{\pm}5.62$점으로 증가하였다(p=0.001). 또한 근업시간에 따라 두통(p<0.030)과 함께 다시 읽기(p<0.036), 안구운동과 탈색(p<0.001)과 같은 시각활동에서 불편함을 느꼈다.