• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2021

This paper proposes a method for designing a large recording script for open domain English speech synthesis. For read-aloud style text, 12 domains and 294 sub-domains were designed using text contained in five different news media publications. For conversational style text, 4 domains and 36 sub-domains were designed using movie subtitles. The final script consists of 43,013 sentences, 27,085 read-aloud style sentences, and 15,928 conversational style sentences, consisting of 549,683 tokens and 38,356 types. The completed script is analyzed using four criteria: word coverage (type coverage and token coverage), high-frequency vocabulary coverage, phonetic coverage (diphone coverage and triphone coverage), and readability. The type coverage of our script reaches 36.86% despite its low token coverage of 2.97%. The high-frequency vocabulary coverage of the script is 73.82%, and the diphone coverage and triphone coverage of the whole script is 86.70% and 38.92%, respectively. The average readability of whole sentences is 9.03. The results of analysis show that the proposed method is effective in producing a large recording script for English speech synthesis, demonstrating good coverage in terms of unique words, high-frequency vocabulary, phonetic units, and readability.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2023

The majority of research on Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) programs has focused primarily on Grammarly, whereas QuillBot and its use in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms remains limitedly explored. This study examined the effectiveness of using QuillBot on the writing quality of college students. A total of 26 participants took pre- and post-writing tests, and four analytical tools were applied to assess their writing quality in terms of syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, lexical richness, and readability. Results of the syntactic complexity analysis across the four indices demonstrates that the syntactic complexity of EFL writing increased significantly, and substantial differences were observed in lexical richness and readability. These results suggest that QuillBot can compensate for the drawbacks of Grammarly and assist EFL writers in improving their overall writing quality.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2017

소프트웨어 유지보수는 소프트웨어 생명주기에서 전체 비용의 많은 부분을 차지하고 있다. 소프트웨어를 유지보수하기 위해서는 코드를 읽는 것이 필수적이고, 이는 유지보수 활동에서 가장 많은 시간이 소요되는 활동이다. 코드의 가독성은 사람이 소스코드를 이해하는데 드는 어려움의 정도를 측정하는 메트릭이다. 코드의 가독성이 좋을수록 사람이 소스코드를 이해하기 쉬워진다. 본 논문에서는 소스코드의 가독성을 이분법적으로 판단하는 기존의 연구보다 향상된 기법을 사용하여, 개발 중인 소스코드의 가독성 정도를 정량적으로 측정할 수 있는 새로운 소스코드 가독성 메트릭을 제안한다. 이를 평가하기 위해, 우리는 설문조사를 수행하고 가독성을 가장 잘 설명하는 척도를 찾을 수 있도록 회귀 분석 기법을 사용해 그 결과를 분석할 것이다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.293-303
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• 1992

Generally the patient's absorb dose and readability of radiograms are affected by the exposure time and kVp of which are related with the radiographic density and contrast The investigator carried studies to know the adequate level of exposure time and kVp to obtain the better readability of radiograms. In these studies dried human mandible with selfcuring acrylic resins attached with aluminum step wedge was used and readability of radiograms were compared with each other by videodensitometry among various combination sets of the exposure time, such as 5, 6, 8, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 38, 48 and 60, and varing level of kVp, such as 60, 65, 70, 80 and 90 respectively. The obtained results were as follows: 1. As exposure time and kVp were increased, radiographic density of radiograms was increased. 2. The subject contrast was increased where aluminum step wedge was thin and reduced in the reversed condition. At the thin aluminum step wedge, subject contrast was increased at the condition of lower kilovoltage than that of higher kilovoltage. 3. In the case of non-constant radiographic density, the radiographic contrast was reduced with the increment kilovoltage. The radiographic contrast was increased in the lower kilovoltage with the longer exposure time and the higher kilovoltage with the shorter exposure time. 4. At the condition of short exposure time, better readability of each reading item was obtained with the increment of the kilovoltage but at the opposite condition increasing exposure time worsened readability of radiograms. Since X-ray machine in the current dental clinics is fixed between the range of 60-70kVp and 10mA, good radiograms can be obtained by varied exposure time. But according to the conclusion of these studies, better radiograms can be obtained by using filtered high kVp and then the absorb dose to patient and exposure time can be reduced.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권6호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2005

글자의 읽기 쉬움의 정도를 나타내는 가독성은 자기안내식 해설판의 정보전달 수단으로서의 효과성을 결정할 수 있는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구는 자기안내식 해설판의 글자디자인 구성요소들이 가독성에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로써 보다 효과적인 해설판 디자인을 위한 자료를 제공하기 위하여 시행되었다. 자료수집은 2003년 8-11월중 내장산 국립공원 내 자연탐방로 방문객 중에서 선정된 총 375명의 응답자에 대하여 탐방로 주변에 설치된 해설판의 글자디자인 구성요소에 대한 설문조사를 통하여 이루어졌다. 이 중 94.7%의 응답이 본 연구의 분석을 위하여 이용되었다. 본 연구결과에 따르면, 총 19개 속성 중 5개의 속성, 즉 글자수, 글자체의 수, 전 해설판에서 그림이 차지하는 면적율, 글자간격 및 글자크기가 가독성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들 속성의 가독성에 대한 설명력은 글자수, 글자체의 수, 그림 면적율, 글자간격, 글자크기 순으로 크게 조사되었다. 이들 5개 속성이 해설판 가독성의 50.0%를 설명하였다. 해설판의 가독성에 미치는 주요 영향인자들에 대한 보다 큰 관심과 관리노력을 집중시킴으로써 해설판의 효과성을 효율적으로 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2012

A research framework and hypothesis were established for analysing layout-factors of bus wrapping which influence on brand attitude. 130 questionnaire were distributed and 123 copies were retreated at metropolitan area. SPSS 12.0 was used for frequency analysis, factor analysis, and reliability analysis. For testing hypothesis multi-regression analysis were utilized. Attention, readability, explicitness, formativeness, creativity are partially significant to establish brand attitude. Attention and readability are insignificant, while explicitness, formativeness, creativity are significant to establish brand attitude. The most effective independent variables are creativity, and explicitness and formativeness are followed. In particular sensual, original, fresh layout of bus wrapping are highly significant.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제11권sup호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

In epigraph field to study ancient scripts, alternative readability improvement technologies have been developed to replace existing rubbing method which has low resolution and causes surface pollution of heritages from the viewpoints of extraction process and used materials. Recently many methods which are based on analysis of pixel data for extracting outlines of the specific image have been developed with advancement of image processing techniques. But these methods are not applicable and the results are not satisfied in the damaged inscriptions which are weathered by wind and rain for a long time and in the narrowed one. In this paper laser scanning techniques which uses optical triangulation measurement principle are developed to minimize scanning error. The proposed techniques are consisted of 3 parts：(1) the understanding of optical triangulation measurement principle to find scanning guideline (2) determinations of points interval, scanning distance and scanning angle to guarantee scanning data quality (3) identification of valid point data area which will be used in registration process. The proposed character identification method contributed in decoding an ancient inscription on SeukBingGo in Kyungju.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.549-557
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• 2014

In this study, the readability of the texts in the third and the sixth grade science textbooks developed under the 2007 revised science curriculum were analyzed in terms of word and sentence units. In the word unit analyses, the levels of the words in the texts were classified into four categories, 1st to 4th levels. In the sentence unit analyses, the sentences in the texts were classified either a simple sentence or compound/complex sentences, and the average length of the sentences was also calculated. The results indicated that more than 90 percents of the words in the 2007 revised science textbooks were classified as the 1st to the 3rd levels. However, both the kinds and the frequencies of the words in the 2007 revised science textbooks were increased in comparison of those in the 7th science textbooks. In particular, it was found that the increasement in the 3rd grade science textbook was noticeable. The ratio of the compound/complex sentences in the 2007 revised science textbooks were increased in comparison of those in the 7th science textbooks. The average length of the sentences in the 2007 revised science textbooks was also increased.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.173-195
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• 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of reviewer's attributes on review usefulness while exploring the variables that can moderate the relationship between reviewer's attributes and review usefulness through empirical analysis. Design/methodology/approach To understand the impact of online reviewer profiles on review usefulness and how these impacts change, this study collected more than 30,000 online reviews of restaurants through TripAdvisor.com, that is a representative OTA shares tourism information. We analyze the moderating effects of four variables such as review length, review equivocality, review uncertainty, and review readability. Findings According to the empirical analysis result, this study reveals that the reviewer's profile attribute can significantly improve the review usefulness of the reviewer, and confirmed the moderating effect of the review's attribute(Review length, Equivocality, Uncertainty, Readability).

• 지능정보연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-61
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• 2016

온라인 쇼핑몰의 상품에 대한 고객 리뷰는 구매자들의 구매 의사결정에 영향을 미치고 있으며 중요한 구전효과의 원천과 의사결정의 정보 원천의 역할을 하고 있다. 한 제품에 대한 리뷰가 무척 많기에 온라인 쇼핑몰들은 고객 리뷰 평가 방안을 도입하였고, 이를 통해 고객들에게 유용하리라고 판단되는 리뷰들을 걸러서 보여주거나 강조할 수 있게 되었다. 리뷰 평가 방안은 해당 리뷰가 도움이 되었는지 혹은 도움이 되지 않았는 지를 리뷰를 읽은 고객이 평가하게 하는 방안이다. Amazon.com은 고객 평가를 바탕으로 총 투표 수 중에서 유용하다는 투표 수의 비율을 리뷰 유용성 지표로 삼고 있으며, Yelp.com은 유용하다는 투표 수 자체를 유용성 지표로 삼고 있다. 본 연구는 고객 리뷰의 감성과 독해 용이성이 리뷰의 유용성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 한다. Amazon.com의 고객 리뷰 자료를 활용하여 비율형 유용성 지표를 종속변수로 하는 유사한 연구들이 수행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 Yelp.com의 리뷰 자료를 활용하여 가산형 리뷰 유용성 지표인 경우에도 동일한 효과가 존재하는지를 검토하고자 한다. Yelp.com의 음료와 음식 카테고리에 해당하는 업종에 대한 리뷰를 자료로 활용하였으며, 점포의 명성과 인기도 데이터를 파악할 수 있는 170,294개의 리뷰를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석결과는 리뷰의 긍정 정도는 유용 투표수를 늘리는데 음의 영향을 미쳤다. 평가가 긍정적인 리뷰에서는 음의 영향관계가 유의 하였으나, 평가가 부정적인 리뷰에서는 리뷰의 긍정 정도가 유용 투표 수에 미치는 영향은 유의하지 않았다. 독해 용이성은 리뷰가 읽기 어려울 수록 높은 값을 갖으며, 독해의 어려운 정도는 유용 투표수 획득에 음의 영향을 미쳤다. 독해 용이성은 긍정 리뷰, 부정 리뷰 관계없이 모두 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이 결과는 유용 투표수가 0인 리뷰를 포함하여 영과잉 음이항 회귀분석을 수행한 경우와 유용 투표수가 0인 리뷰를 제외하고 음이항 회귀분석을 수행한 경우 모두 동일하게 파악되었다.