• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2012

Nitriding and post-sintering behavior of powder mixture compacts were investigated. As mixture compacts are different from simple Si compacts, the fabrication of a sintered body with a mixture composition has engineering implications. In this research, in specimens without a pore former, the extent of nitridation increased with $Si_3N_4$ content, while the highest extent of nitridation was measured in $Si_3N_4$-free composition when a pore former was added. Large pores made from the thermal decomposition of the pore former collapsed, and they were filled with a reaction product, reaction-bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) in the $Si_3N_4$-free specimen. On the other hand, pores from the decomposed pore former were retained in the $Si_3N_4$-added specimen. Introduction of small $Si_3N_4$ particles ($d_{50}=0.3{\mu}m$) into a powder compact consisting of large silicon particles ($d_{50}=7{\mu}m$) promoted close packing in the green body compact, and resulted in a stable strut structure after decomposition of the pore former. The local packing density of the strut structure depends on silicon to $Si_3N_4$ size ratio and affected both nitriding reaction kinetics and microstructure in the post-sintered body.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.667-672
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• 2006

Agglutination is one of the most commonly employed reactions in clinical diagnosis. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated nickel mold insert for injection molding of a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip for the purpose of the efficient detection of agglutination. In the presented microfluidic lab-on-a-chip, two inlets for sample blood and reagent, flow guiding microchannels, improved serpentine laminating micromixer(ISLM) and reaction microwells are fully integrated. The ISLM, recently developed by our group, can highly improve mixing of the sample blood and reagent in the microchannel, thereby enhancing reaction of agglutinogens and agglutinins. The reaction microwell was designed to contain large volume of about $25{\mu}l$ of the mixture of sample blood and reagent. The result of agglutination in the reaction microwell could be determined by means of the level of the light transmission. To achieve the cost-effectiveness, the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip was realized by the injection molding of COC(cyclic olefin copolymer) and thermal bonding of two injection molded COC substrates. To define microfeatures in the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip precisely, the nickel mold inserts of lab-on-a-chip for the injection molding were fabricated by combining the UV photolithography with a negative photoresist SU-8 and the nickel electroplating process. The microfluidic lab-on-a-chip developed in this study could be applied to various clinical diagnosis based on agglutination.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 1996

유기 리간드(tris[3-(trifluoromethylhydroxymethymelene-camphorato])와 tris[3-(heptafluoropropylhydroxymethymelene-camphorato])을 Eu(Ⅲ)와의 착물들에 대한 거동을 UV-vis 분광학적, 자기적, 그리고 전기화학적 방법에 의해 조사하였다. 둘 또는 세개의 에너지 흡수 띠가 이들 착물들의 스펙트라에 의해 관찰되었다. 결정장 갈라짐 에너지 크기와 스핀 짝지움 에너지 그리고 결합 세기는 착물들의 스펙트라로부터 얻어졌다. 이들 착물은 전자 배열이 비 편재화이고, 낮은 스핀 상태이며 그리고 강한 결합 세기임을 알았다. 자기 쌍극자 모멘트는 반 자기성 착물로 나타났다. 착물들의 산화.환원 과정은 반 양성자성 용매속에서 순환 전압 전류법에 의해서 조사하였다. 착물들의 산화.환원 과정은 일전자의 확산전류에 의한 단일-짝 반응이었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2015

초임계 암모니아 분위기와 CuI 촉매 하에서 p-Diiodobenzene(PDIB)를 아민화 반응시켜 p-Phenylenediamine(PPD)를 합성하는 방법을 연구하였다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 공정변수들이 PPD 생성 수율에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 반응 온도, 암모니아 초기 주입 양에 따른 반응 압력, 촉매의 유무 및 촉매 주입량, 반응 시간 등을 변화시키면서 이에 따른 PPD 수율 변화를 GC 분석을 통하여 조사하였다. 그 결과, 무촉매 반응 시에는 PPD가 전혀 생성되지 않음을 알 수 있었으며, 반응온도, 반응 압력, 촉매 주입량 및 반응시간이 증가함에 따라 PPD 생성 수율이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다 단, 반응온도의 경우 $250^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 열분해에 의해 PPD가 감소하여 $200^{\circ}C$가 최적의 온도임을 알 수 있었다. 또한, FT-IR과 $^1H$-NMR 분석을 통하여 아민기의 결합 특성과 PPD의 구조를 확인하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2006

실리카계 메조 물질 MCM-41 지지체 위에 여러 방법으로 aminopropyltrimethoxysilane(APMS)을 표면 기능화 시킨 염기촉매를 제조하였고 표준 염기반응인 Knoevenagel 축합반응을 수행하여 촉매적 활성을 측정하였다. Methyltrimethoxysilane으로 추가 표면처리하거나, APMS를 염소함유 유기실란과 축합하여 2차 아민 형성 후 고정화시킨 MCM-41 촉매(BAPM)를 제조한 결과, MCM-41 표면의 잔류 OH를 제거하고 물과의 수소결합으로 아민 활성점의 기능이 약화되는 것을 억제하여 높은 TON을 얻을 수 있었다. 코팅에 의해 표면에 많은 양의 아민이 고정화된 MCM-41은, 세공 내부의 반응 공간이 줄어들고, 인접한 아민 간의 수소결합으로 인하여 낮은 염기도가 예상되며 촉매 활성도 상대적으로 낮았다. 제조한 촉매 중에는 BAPM이 촉매 활성이 가장 우수하였다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2003

In order to study the interfacial reaction between Nb thin sheet and Fe-C-(Si) alloy with different Chemical compositions, they were cast-bonded. The growth of carbide layer formed at the interface after isothermal heat treatment at 1173K, 1223K, 1273K and 1323K for various times was investigated. The carbide formed at the interface was NbC and the thickness of NbC layer was increased linearly in proportional to the heat treating time. Therefore, It was found that the growth of NbC layer was controlled by the interfacial reaction. The growth rate constant of NbC layer was slightly increased with increase of carbon content when the silicon content is similar in the cast irons. However, as silicon content increases with no great difference in carbon content, the growth of NbC layer was greatly retarded. The calculated activation energy for the growth of NbC layer was varied in the range of 447.4~549.3 kJ/moI with the compositions of cast irons.

• 청정기술
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

Petcokes는 원유의 정제 과정에서 최종적으로 생산되는 부산물로 정제과정 중에 petcokes내에 무기물 및 황성분의 농축이 이루어진다. Petcokes는 각각의 분야에서 요구하는 품위에 적합해야 활용이 가능하다. 현재 국내에서 생산되는 petcokes는 황함량이 평균 6% 정도로 높아서 그대로 사용하기가 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 마이크로웨이브 가열을 이용하여 petcokes로부터 황을 제거하는 연구를 수행하였다. 지금까지 연구된 탈황방법에는 열 탈황, 수첨 탈황, 용매 추출에 의한 탈황, 그리고 알칼리 금속을 이용한 탈황 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 방법인 마이크로웨이브 가열을 이용하여 petcokes로부터 탈황을 하고자 하였다. 실험은 마이크로웨이브만으로 가열하여 탈황하는 방법과 탈황율을 높이기 위해서 수소가스를 첨가하는 탈황을 수행하였다. 마이크로웨이브만으로 가열한 경우 1835W에서 2시간을 실험한 결과 68.3%의 탈황율을 보였다. 마이크로웨이브로 가열하며 수소를 첨가한 경우 1835W에서 1.5시간을 실험한 결과 86.4%의 탈황율을 얻을 수 있었다. 탈황 시간을 늘리거나 사용한 시료의 입자 크기가 줄여 준다면 더욱 높은 탈황율을 얻을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2017년도 제48회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.168-171
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• 2017

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) 분석법을 이용하여 FKM O-ring의 대기중에서의 노화 메카니즘을 관찰하였다. FKM O-ring은 선경 3.53mm, 내경 91.67mm인 오링을 시편으로 사용하였다. 노화 후 FKM O-ring의 oxygen 원소의 농도가 20.39%로 증가하였으며, fluorine 원소는 각각 8.29%로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이를 통하여 산소에 의한 산화 반응이 FKM O-ring의 주요 노화 반응으로 나타났다. C1s와 F1s 피크 분석 결과, FKM O-ring의 주쇄중 C-F 결합에서 산화 반응이 주로 진행되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 O1s 피크 분석 결과, 산화 반응을 통하여 C-OH, C=O, 그리고 O=C-O 구조를 형성하며, 주로 카르복실기가 생성되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2022

The behavior of hydrogen species on the surface of the catalyst during the Lewis acid transformation to form Brønsted acid sites over the spherical silica-supported WO_x catalyst was investigated. To understand the structure-activity relationship of Lewis acid transformation and hydrogen bonding interactions, we explore the potential of using the in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) with adsorbed ammonia and hydrogen exposure. From the results of in situ DRIFTS measurements, Lewis acid sites on surface catalysts were transformed into new Brønsted acid sites upon hydrogen exposure. The adsorbed NH₃ on Lewis acid sites migrated to Brønsted acid sites forming NH⁴⁺. The results show that the dissociated H atoms present on the catalyst surface formed new Si-OH hydroxyl species - the new Brønsted acid site. Besides, the isolated Si-O-W species is the key towards H-bond and Si-OH formation. Additionally, the H atoms adsorbed surrounding the Si-O-W species of mono-oxo O=WO₄ and di-oxo (O=)₂WO₂ species, where the Si-O-W species are the main species presented on the Inc-SSP catalysts than that of the IWI-SSP catalysts.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.401-418
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• 2000

1. Production of the artificial zeolite from coal ash Coal fly ash is mainly composed of several oxides including $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ derived from inorganic compounds remained after burning. As minor components, $Fe_2O_3$ and oxides of Mg, Ca, P, Ti (trace) are also contained in the ash. These components are presented as glass form resulting from fusion in the process of the combustion of coal. In other word, coal ash may refer to a kind of aluminosilicate glass that is known to easily change to zeolite-like materials by hydrothermal reaction. Lots of hot seawater is disposing near thermal power plants after cooling turbine generator periodically. Using seawater in the hydrothermal reaction caused to produce low price artificial zeolite by reduction of sodium hydroxide consumption, heating energy and water cost. As coal ash were reacted hydrothermally, peaks of quartz and mullite in the ash were weakened and disappeared, and new Na-Pl peaks were appeared strengthily. Si-O-Si bonding of the bituminous coal ash was changed to Si-O-Al (and $Fe^{3+}$) bonding by the reaction. Therefore the produced Na-Pl type zeolite had high CEC of 276.7 $cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and well developed molecular sieve structure with low concentration of heavy metals. 2. Utilization of the artificial zeolite in agro-environment The artificial zeolite(1g) could remove 123.5 mg of zinc, 164.7 mg copper, 184.4 mg cadmium and 350.6 mg lead in the synthetic wastewater. The removability is higher 2.8 times in zinc, 3.3 times in copper, 4.7 times in cadmium and 4.8 times in lead than natural zeolite and charcoal powder. When the heavy metals were treated at the ratio of 150 $kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ to the rice plant, various growth inhibition were observed; brownish discoloration and death of leaf sheath, growth inhibition in culm length, number of panicles and grains, grain ripening and rice yield. But these growth inhibition was greatly alleviated by the application of artificial zeolite, therefore, rice yield increased $1.1{\sim}3.2$ times according to the metal kind. In addition, the concentration of heavy metals in the brown rice also lowered by $27{\sim}75%$. Artificial Granular Zeolites (AGZ) was developed for the purification of wastewater. Canon exchange capacity was 126.8 $cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. AGZ had Na-Pl peaks mainly with some minor $C_3S$ peaks in X-ray diffractogram. In addition, AGZs had various pore structure that may be adhere the suspended solid and offer microbiological niche to decompose organic pollutants. AGZ could remove ammonium, orthophosphate and heavy metals simultaneously. Mixing ratio of artificial zeolite in AGZs was related positively with removal efficiency of $NH_4\;^+$ and negatively with that of $PO_4\;^{3-}$. Root growth of rice seedling was inhibited severely in the mine wastewater because of strong acidity and high concentration of heavy metals. As AGZ(1 kg) stayed in the wastewater(100L) for 4days, water quality turned into safely for agricultural usage and rice seedlings grew normally.