• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 1981

In this paper, the reaction time and the accuracy of saccade eye movement are measured by using random pulse and periodic pulse, random pulse step and periodic pulse step through the subject utilizing the infra-red method.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.115-132
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• 2017

Differences in reaction time and accuracy were compared among driver groups of middle-, old-, and stroke old-age drivers using various reaction time tasks including simple reaction task, 2-choice task, 4-choice task with different stimuli eccentricity, search task, and moving target detection task. The results can be summarized as followings. First, although overall reaction time tended to be slowed with age and stroke, stroke old drivers showed significantly slower reaction time than the other driver groups when the stimuli were presented in a large eccentricity. Second, differences in reaction time for 2-choice task and moving target detection task seemed to be determined mainly by participants' simple reaction time. Third, the search task which required temporary retention of previously presented stimuli was found to be more sensitive in discriminating difference in reaction time between middle-age drivers and old-age drivers (including stroke old drivers). Fourth, reaction accuracy of old (and stroke old) drivers decreased when more stimuli alternatives were presented and temporary retention for stimuli was required. Altogether, memory demand in reaction time task can be sensitive to evaluate performance for different age groups, whereas size of useful field of view for brain stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether types of sensory-stimuli cues in terms of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory cues can be affected to motor sequential learning in healthy adults, using serial reaction time task. Methods: Twenty four healthy subjects participated in this study, who were randomly allocated into three groups, in terms of visual-stimuli (VS) group, auditory-stimuli (AS) group, and visuoauditory-stimuli (VAS) group. In SRT task, eight Arabic numbers were adopted as presentational stimulus, which were composed of three different types of presentational modules, in terms of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory stimuli. On an experiment, all subjects performed total 3 sessions relevant to each stimulus module with a pause of 10 minutes for training and pre-/post-tests. At the pre- and post-tests, reaction time and accuracy were calculated. Results: In reaction time, significant differences were founded in terms of between-subjects, within-subjects, and interaction effect for group ${\times}$ repeated factor. In accuracy, no significant differences were observed in between-group and interaction effect for groups ${\times}$ repeated factor. However, a significant main effect of within-subjects was observed. In addition, a significant difference was showed in comparison of differences of changes between the pre- and post-test only in the reaction time among three groups. Conclusion: This study suggest that short-term sequential motor training on one day induced behavioral modification, such as speed and accuracy of motor response. In addition, we found that motor training using visual-stimuli cue showed better effect of motor skill acquisition, compared to auditory and visuoauditory-stimuli cues.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

Oxygen is an essential element for human beings' physical and mental activities, and in particular, plays an important role in brain functions. The present study attempted to investigate the effects of supply of highly concentrated (30%) oxygen on human ability of visuospatial cognition, compared to air of normal oxygen concentration (21%). This study sampled eight male university students (the average age: 23.5) as subjects. An equipment that supplies 21% and 30% oxygen at a constant rate of 8L/min was developed. Two types of questionnaire containing 20 questions were developed to measure the ability of visuospatial cognition, and accuracy and reaction time were calculated from the result of task performance. The average accuracy was $50.63{\pm}8.63$ [%] and $62.50{\pm}9.64$[%] for 21%and 30% oxygen respectively, and a statistically significant difference was found in the accuracy between the two types of oxygen. The average reaction time was $6.60{\pm}O.77$ [sec] and $7.23{\pm}0.69$ [sec] for 21%and 30% oxygen respectively, and a statistically significant difference was not found in the reaction time. The results showed that there is no difference in the average reaction time but the average accuracy rises with the supply of highly concentrated (30%) oxygen, indicating that the supply of highly concentrated oxygen has a partially positive effect on the ability of visuospatial cognition.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2004

This paper examined the change in reaction time and accuracy of mental work by physical activity. A treadmill-equipped instrument is used to attain several levels of physical activity. Subjects were recruited from college students and football players; and they were instructed to run on a treadmill at different speeds. In order to determine the individual levels of physical activity of subjects, in this paper, Borg's-RPE scales which indicates subjective levels of physical activity were obtained. And reaction time was evaluated before and after running by arithmetic calculation test Restricted within the limit of this experiment, the results of this study showed that arithmetic calculation performance as a scale of accuracy of mental work rather increase after the exercise even though there are slight difference among the subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.131-136
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• 2007

In this paper, we estimated the effects of different color stimulation on the cognitive function of human quantitatively. For the stimulations we used color lights with 6 color filters such as red, yellow, green, blue, violet and white. The experiment was performed in a soundproof chamber. 50 young male and female subjects were participated in the experiment. To find the appropriate color cognitive function, the endogenous visuospatial attention task(EVAT) and one back working memory task(OWMT) were performed. The reaction time and accuracy degree were measured. The results showed that the reaction time of EVAT was the fastest and the accuracy degree of attention task was the highest in green environment. The reaction time of OWMT was the fastest in yellow and the accuracy degree of memory task was the highest in blue. For physiological parameters, we measured electrocardiogram(ECG) and HRV spectrum analysis, HF/LF color environment. These results can be used as an indicator in the design of color environment and clinical applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effects of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory cues on simple Serial Task Performance in heaithy adults. METHODS: Sixty-three right-handed heaithy adults without history of neurological dysfunction were participated. A modified version of the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) using five blocks of perceptual motor sequences was administered. The blocked paradigm consisted of the five blocks with randomly repeated 8 digit sequences with 5 repetition. Three types of sensory cue were employed: visual cue, auditory cue and visuoauditory cue. All subjects were assigned to press the matched botton as quickly and accurately as possible, when one of 8 stimulations was presented(one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight). The reaction time, accuracy, and P300 latency were measured during serial task performance. The mean reaction time(ms), accuracy(%), and P300 latency(ms) were compared between three types of cue using ANOVA. RESULTS: The reaction time to auditory cue was significantly longer than visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.001). And accuracy to auditory cue was significantly lower than visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.001). All P300 latency(at Fz, Cz, Pz) were significantly longer than to visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that type of cues influence in choice reaction. These data may helpful in designing not only effective motor learning training programs for healthy persons but also reeducation programs for patients with neurological dysfunction.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.89-105
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• 2022

The behavior of the soil subgrade is complex and irregular against loads. When modeling, the soil is often replaced by a more straightforward system called a subgrade model. The Winkler method of linear elastic springs is a popular method of soil modeling in which the spring constant shows the modulus of subgrade reaction. In this research, the factors affecting the distribution of the modulus of subgrade reaction of elastoplastic subgrades are examined. For this purpose, critical theories about the modulus of subgrade reaction were examined. A square raft foundation on a sandy soil subgrade with was analyzed at different internal friction angles and Young's modulus values using ABAQUS software. To accurately model the actual soil behavior, the elastic, perfectly plastic constitutive model was applied to investigate a foundation on discrete springs. In order to increase the accuracy of soil modeling, equations have been proposed for the distribution of the subgrade reaction modulus. The constitutive model of the springs is elastic, perfectly plastic. It was observed that the modulus of subgrade reaction under an elastic load decreased when moving from the corner to the center of the foundation. For the ultimate load, the modulus of subgrade reaction increased as it moved from the corner to the center of the foundation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.290-301
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• 2013

The docking analysis of a global ship structure is requested to evaluate its structural safety against the reaction forces at supports during docking works inside a dry dock. That problem becomes more important recently as the size of ships is getting larger and larger. The docking supports are appropriately arranged in a dock to avoid their excessive reaction forces which primarily cause the structural damages in docking a ship and, up to now, the structural safety has been assessed against the support arrangement by the finite element analysis (FEA) of a global ship structure. However, it is complicated to establish the finite element model of the ship in the current structural design environment of a shipyard and it takes over a month to finish the work. This paper investigates a simple and fast approach to carry out a ship docking analysis by a simplified grillage model and to assign the docking supports position on the model. The grillage analysis was considered from the motivation that only the reaction forces at supports are sufficient to assess their arrangement. Since the simplified grillage model of the ship cannot guarantee its accuracy quantitatively, modeling strategies are proposed to improve the accuracy. In this paper, comparisons between the proposed approach and three-dimensional FEA for typical types of ships show that the results from the present grillage model have reasonably good agreement with the FEA model. Finally, an integrated program developed for docking supports planning and its evaluation by the proposed approach is briefly described.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7409-7414
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• 2015

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) developed by Notomi et al. (2000) has made it possible to amplify DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions. The ultimate products of LAMP are stem-loop structures with several inverted repeats of the target sequence and cauliflower-like patterns with multiple loops shaped by annealing between every other inverted repeats of the amplified target in the similar strand. Because the amplification process in LAMP is achieved by using four to six distinct primers, it is expected to amplify the target region with high selectivity. However, evaluation of reaction accuracy or quantitative inspection make it necessary to append other procedures to scrutinize the amplified products. Hitherto, various techniques such as turbidity assessment in the reaction vessel, post-reaction agarose gel electrophoresis, use of intercalating fluorescent dyes, real-time turbidimetry, addition of cationic polymers to the reaction mixture, polyacrylamide gel-based microchambers, lateral flow dipsticks, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and nanoparticle-based colorimetric tests have been utilized for this purpose. In this paper, we reviewed the best-known techniques for evaluation of LAMP amplicons and their applications in molecular biology beside their advantages and deficiencies. Regarding the properties of each technique, the development of innovative prompt, cost-effective and precise molecular detection methods for application in the broad field of cancer research may be feasible.