• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand motion characteristics of older drivers during reaching seat belt compared to young drivers and to provide design guidelines in order to reduce discomfort for the elderly. The whole body kinematics of each subject was captured using 12-camera motion analysis system. Subjective ratings on discomfort levels were obtained simultaneously using a questionnaire. This paper first presents the result of motion characteristics of elderly drivers' reach motion to seat belt. Compared to young drivers, older drivers performed seat belt reach motions less efficiently and moved slower due to mostly the movement error. Older drivers also made use of reduced joint range of motion in cervical left rotation, lumbar left rotation and right shoulder adduction, which can be explained by their reduced active range of motions (AROMs). To compensate for their reduced joint range of motion, older drivers rotated pelvis more.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 1992

자연 하천의 전형적인 특성인 하도사행으로 인한 만곡부의 수리 및 계량형태학적 특성을 확정론적 방법으로 구명하였다. 새로운 특성인자로 단변형상계수(As)을 제안했으며 하도구간에서의 As의 변화는 모든 유로에서의 수류력의 집중위치를 확인시켜주고 만곡의 영향이 단면형상의 변화에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 보여주었다. 또한 기존의 사행특성인자와의 상관분석을 통하여 적용성을 입증하였다. 곡률비 R/W이 2-4에 집중되어있고 이는 제방의 침식이나 파제의 가능성이 있음을 보여주는 수치임을 알수있고 횡단면 하상의 변화를 예측할수있는 Bendegom의 식이 본 연구대상 하천에도 적용될수 있음을 밝혔다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.619-625
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to analyze the shapes of blouse with above-elbow sleeves according to arm movements. The shapes include five types of the arm movement(basic posture, reach forward 45, 90, and reach lateral 45, 90) in the stand-posture, which were made by different adaptability of clothes. Experiments were conducted to figure out the dressed shape through 3-D measurement Vivid 910, and also to investigate the area of the shape of sleeves on the section map and the diagonal length of the block made by the basic section line in lateral part of sleeve with Rapid Form 2004, a software for 3-D shape analysis. The Data were analyzed by factor analysis, Anova, Duncan test, t-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, the area of sleeve was briefed 3 factor; front, center, back in sleeve. Second, there were different effect of arm movement, section level and part of shapes in the area of sleeve. Third, the diagonal length was briefed 4 factor; back, back-center, front-center, front. Forth, after t-test, there were statistically significant between the reach forward and lateral and between the angles of arm reach.

• 분석과학
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2019

Substance identification is the first step of the REACH registration. It is essential in terms of Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulation and because even trace amounts of impurities or additives can affect the classification. In this study, a scheme for the screening, quantification, and interpretation of trace amounts of hazardous inorganic substances is proposed to detect the presence of more than 0.1% hazardous inorganic substances that have been affecting the hazard classification. An exemplary list of hazardous inorganic substances was created from the substances of very high concern (SVHCs) in REACH. Among 201 SVHCs, there were 67 inorganic SVHCs containing at least one or ~2-3 heavy metals, such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Sb, and Sn, in their molecular formula. The inorganic SVHCs are listed in excel format with a search function for these heavy metals so that the hazardous inorganic substances, including each heavy metal and the calculated ratio of its atomic weight to molecular weight of the hazardous inorganic substance containing it, can be searched. The case study was conducted to confirm the validity of the established scheme with zinc oxide (ZnO). In a substance that is made of ZnO, Pb was screened by XRF analysis and measured to be 0.04% (w/w) by ICP-OES analysis. After referring to the list, the presence of Pb was interpreted just as an impurity, but not as an impurity relevant for the classification. Future studies are needed to expand on this exemplary list of hazardous inorganic substances using proper regulatory data sources.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion (DF PROM) under a non-weight bearing condition and the normalized reach distance in three directions of the Y-Balance Test (YBT). Sixty-one healthy adults (32 males and 29 females, age: $23.0{\pm}3.0$ years, height: $169.3{\pm}8.9cm$, weight: $61.9{\pm}5.4kg$) participated in this study. The ankle DF PROM was measured using a goniometer. To assess dynamic balance, all subjects performed three trials to determine the maximum lower extremity reach in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions of the YBT. The relationship between the ankle DF PROM and both the normalized reach distance in each direction and the composite score of the YBT were analyzed using the Pearson correlation. Only the normalized reach distance in the anterior direction of the YBT was significantly related to the ankle DF PROM measured under a non-weight bearing condition (r=.50, p<.001). Neither the normalized reach distances in the posterior directions nor the composite score of the YBT were significantly correlated with the ankle DF PROM measured under a non-weight bearing condition. These findings suggest that ankle DF PROM does not affect the overall dynamic balance of the lower extremity, with only the anterior dynamic balance affected among the three directions.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

Purpose : This study aims to examine the changes of muscle activity of the tibialis anterior muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle on the ground and unstable ground for functional reach test. Methods : This study chose 24 elderly men and 24 elderly women who could walk independently, reach their arm over 25 cm, show shoulder joint $90^{\circ}$ flexion, had no operations on lower limb joints, and don't take medication affecting the ability to keep balance. Muscular activity of the tibialis anterior muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle was measured using functional reach test and electromyogram. Functional reach test was conducted at a total of four sections, 0cm, 15cm, 20cm, and 25cm. Results : It was known that the gastrocnemius muscle was used more than the tibialis anterior muscle to keep balance and the elderly with good balance ability showed no great change of muscular activity on both the stable and unstable ground. Conclusion : It was found that the subjects used their gastrocnemius muscle more and lower limbs of frequently used parts to keep their balance. As the elderly have good balance ability, they showed no great change of muscular activity on both the stable and unstable ground.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.447-461
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• 2018

To realize river restoration that ecological characteristics of the river are reflected, we classified the river into four reaches of valley stream, upstream, midstream, and downstream based on substrate as well as riverbed gradient obtained from the relationship between distance from the river mouth, and above sea level. Considering that the rivers of Korea have been dominated by various and intense artificial interferences over a lengthy period, we determined cross sectional range of the river based on the geological map and clarified transformation degree by reach. Vegetation profile diagram was prepared by depicting horizontal range and vertical stratification of major vegetation appearing in a belt transect of 10 m breadth installed between weirs constructed in both sides of the river. Restoration models by river reach were prepared based on breadth of waterway, bare ground, herb, shrub, and tree dominated vegetation zones on vegetation profiles wherein a flooding regime was reflected. Species composition information collected from vegetation established in each zone was systematized to use for restoring each reach ecologically. Further, background that longitudinal reaches and horizontal zones were divided, was discussed by comparing with case studies in foreign countries. In addition, necessity of ecological restoration of the river was discussed based on degree of integrity of Korean rivers, ecological significance of riparian vegetation, and importance of reference information for ecological restoration of the river.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.81-113
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• 2009

본 논문은 기업의 환경경영활동과 지속가능한 발전과의 상관관계를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 기업의 환경경영활동을 지속가능성 측면에서 평가할 수 있도록 경제, 환경, 그리고 사회적 지표를 선정하여 평가모형(SDEM)을 구축하였다. 평가모형은 델-파이, 계층적 분석방법(AHP)을 활용하여 자료의 선정과 가중치를 결정하였다. 그리고 우리나라 기업 58개사를 대상으로 실증분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 환경경영 도입 단계가 높을수록, 기업규모가 클수록, 환경경영을 실천한지 오래될수록, 그리고 공기업일수록 지속가능한 발전에 미친 성과가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 경제적 성과와 환경적 성과와의 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 공기업이 민간기업에 비해 보다 높은 성과를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2014

댐의 건설은 유황의 변동과 유사의 흐름을 차단하기 때문에 하천의 수리학적 환경에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 댐의 건설이 댐 하류의 어류의 서식처에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 준정류 모형이 흐름모의에 사용되었으며, 물리 서식처 분석을 위해 HSI 모형을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 수리모형은 유사이송에 의한 이동상 모의가 가능하다. 유량 시나리오를 통해 댐 건설 전과 후의 피라미에 대한 어류 서식처 조건을 분석하였으며, 모의 결과 댐 건설 후 발전방류로 인하여 피라미의 서식처가 악화되는 빈도가 늘어났다. 또한 댐 하류로부터의 침식이 예측되었다. 이는 상류의 유사량 공급의 차단으로 인하여 나타나는 장기적인 변화이다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2021

Background: Difficulties in walking and balance are risk factors for falling. This study aimed to predict dynamic balance based on demographic information and anthropometric dimensions in construction workers. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 114 construction workers in 2020. First, the construction workers were asked to complete the demographic questionnaire determined in order to be included in the study. Then anthropometric dimensions were measured. The dynamic balance of participants was also assessed using the Y Balance test kit. Dynamic balance prediction was performed based on demographic information and anthropometric dimensions using multiple linear regression with SPSS software version 25. Results: The highest average normalized reach distances of YBT were in the anterior direction and were 92.23 ± 12.43% and 92.28 ± 9.26% for right and left foot, respectively. Both maximal and average normalized composite reach in the YBT in each leg were negatively correlated with leg length and navicular drop and positively correlated with the ratio of sitting height to leg length. In addition, multiple linear regressions showed that age, navicular drop, leg length, and foot surface could predict 23% of the variance in YBT average normalized composite reach of the right leg, and age, navicular drop, and leg length could predict 21% of that in the left leg among construction workers. Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of the variability in the normalized composite reach of dynamic balance reach among construction workers using method YBT can be predicted by variables age, navicular drop, leg length, and foot surface.