• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 1972

$^{86}Rb$ uptake of some organs and tissues, ego both lungs, both renal cortices. small intestine, liver and skeletal muscle were studied in the control and the rabbit subjected to pneumothorax. $^{86}Rb$ in the form of chloride mixed with physiological saline was intravenously. injected. The doses were $100{\mu}c$ for a rabbit. The rabbits were sacrificed at intervals of 10, 20, 40, and 60 seconds after the injection of $^{86}Rb$, by the injection of saturated KCI solution. After sacrification, the organ and tissue sample were quickly removed. $^{86}Rb$ uptake in gm of the organs and tissues were measured. On the basis of uptake value, administered doses and body weight, % dose/gm tissues per 200 gm body weight was calculated. Followings were the results; 1. Pneumothorax resulted in a marked elevation in $^{86}Rb$ uptake value of collapsed lung and returned to normal level lately. 2. Contralateral lung of pnemothorax also showed marked elevation in $^{86}Rb$ uptake value and recovered to normal level. 3. Initial $^{86}Rb$ uptake value of liver, small intestine of the rabbit with pneumothorax showed some elevation as compared to control, but that of late stage were similar with control. 4. Local blood flow determination by means of $^{86}Rb$ uptake were inadequate in the collapsed lung of pneumothorax. 5. It was suggested that the mechanism for the initial elevation of $^{86}Rb$ uptake value in each organs and tissue were different from each other.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제42권8호
• /
• pp.1197-1203
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 쥐골격근의 AMPK insulin signaling($tAMPK{\alpha}$, $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$)과 PI3K insulin signaling pathway(pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$, PI3K $p^{85}$, pAkt $Ser^{473}$) 발현 및 glucose uptake에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 골격근내 glucose uptake에서는 비교집단과 비교하여 운동집단(59.4%), $Rb_1$집단(70.5%) $Rb_1/Ex$집단(58.6%)에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 AMPK insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과 비교집단에 비해 $AMPK{\alpha}$(Ex, 28.6%; $Rb_1$, 28.5%; $Rb_1/Ex$, 29.8%), $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$(Ex, 35.1%; $Rb_1$, 35.3%; $Rb_1/Ex$, 30.9%)의 발현이 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 PI3K insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 알아본 결과 비교집단과 비교하여 IRS-1, PI3K $p^{85}$에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 pAkt $Ser^{473}$은 $Rb_1$ 집단에서 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, ginsenoside $Rb_1$은 운동과 더불어 근육 세포내 AMPK의 활성화와 근육 내 glucose uptake를 증가시켜 제2형 당뇨병 예방과 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구의 결과로 PI3K insulin signaling pathway의 항당뇨 효과는 설명하기는 부족하다고 판단되며 추후 본 연구의 결과를 기초로 ginsenoside $Rb_1$의 농도, 처치시간, 처치방법을 고려한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.1407-1416
• /
• 2007

Ten, first lactation, 87.5%HF dairy cattle were used to investigate effects of long-term administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on nutrient uptake by the mammary gland at different stages of lactation. Measurements of arterial plasma concentrations and arterial-venous differences of metabolites across the mammary gland were performed in combination with measurment of mammary blood flow to estimate the mammary uptake. Animals in experimental groups were injected subcutaneously every 14 days from day 60 of lactation with a prolonged-release formulation of 500 mg of rbST (POSILAC, Monsanto, USA) or with sterile sesame oil without rbST in the control group. During early lactation, the milk yield of rbST-treated animals was higher than that of the control animals (p<0.05). The peak milk yield in both groups of animals declined from the early period of lactation with progression to mid- and late-lactation. No significant changes were observed in the concentration of milk lactose, while the concentrations of milk protein significantly increased as lactation advanced to mid- and late-lactation in both groups. Milk fat concentrations were significantly higher in rbST-treated animals than in control animals, particularly in early lactation (p<0.05). Mammary blood flow (MBF) markedly increased during rbST administration and was maintained at a high level throughout lactation. The mean arterial plasma concentrations for glucose and acetate of rbST-treated animals were unchanged. The net mammary glucose uptake of rbST-treated animals increased approximately 20% during early lactation, while it significantly decreased (p<0.05), including the arteriovenous differences (A-V differences) and extraction ratio across the mammary gland, as lactation advanced to mid- and late-lactation. A-V differences, mammary extraction and mammary uptake for acetate increased during rbST administration and were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the control animals in early and mid-lactation. Mean arterial plasma concentrations for ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate and free glycerol were unchanged throughout the experimental periods in both groups. A-V differences and extraction ratio of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate across the mammary gland did not alter during rbST administration. Mean arterial plasma concentrations for free fatty acids ($C_{16}$ to $C_{18}$), but not for triacylglycerol, increased in rbST-treated animals and were significantly higher than in control animals during early lactation (p<0.01). These findings suggest that an increase in MBF during rbST administration would not be a major determinant in the mediation of nutrient delivery and uptake by the mammary gland for increased milk production. Local changes in biosynthetic capacity within the mammary gland would be a factor in the utilization of substrates resulting in the rate of decline in milk yield with advancing lactation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.233-239
• /
• 2010

Phenolic acid concentrates of rice bran(RB-ex) and hydroxycinnamic acids were investigated for their anti-hyperglycemic activities through glucose uptake and glucokinase activity using HepG2 cells and stimulatory effects on insulin secretion using HIT-T15 cells. RB-ex was prepared as an ethylacetate extract after alkaline hydrolysis and hydroxycinnamic acids, found as major compositions of RB-ex, such as ferulic acid(FA), sinapic acid(SA) and p-coumaric acid(p-CA) were investigated to compare with the properties of RB-ex. The properties of glucose uptake in HepG2 cells were examined in the absence of insulin and two different glucose concentrations(5.5 mM and 25 mM). RB-ex and FA showed anti-hyperglycemic activities through the increase of glucose uptake and the stimulation of glucokinase activity in HepG2 cells. RB-ex exhibited higher glucose uptakes with higher glucose concentrations, whereas FA exhibited the same increasing effects on both concentrations of glucose. RB-ex and FA exhibited doubled glucokinase activities relative to control. In the presence of insulin in the 25 mM glucose-containing medium, the levels of glucose uptake were increased in all treatments compared with control. As stimulatory effects of samples on insulin secretion were estimated, RB-ex and FA stimulated insulin secretion at a concentration of 25 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and in particular, FA showed the highest amount of insulin-release in HIT-T15 cells. Antioxidative effects on HIT-T15 cells, RB-ex and hydroxycinnamic acids, excluding p-CA, showed inhibitory activities of 78% to 80% at a concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. On the basis of these results, we conclude that RB-ex and FA could help decrease blood glucose levels and prevent the cell damages via antioxidant activity.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 1971

A simplified method for the local blood flow determination by means of $^{86}Rb$ was developed in rats and rabbits. $^{86}Rb$ in the form of chloride mixed with physiological saline was intravenously injected. The doses were $10{\mu}Ci$ for rats and $100{\mu}Ci$ for rabbits, which were injected in less than 5 seconds. The rats were sacrificed after 30 seconds, and the rabbits at the intervals of 10, 20, 40 and 60 seconds, by decapitation or rapid intravenous injection of 3 to 5ml of saturated KCI. After bleeding, the organ and tissue samples, e.g. lungs, renal cortex, jejunum and skeletal muscle were quickly removed. The $^{86}Rb$ uptake in 1 gram of the organs and tissues were measured. On the basis of uptake value, administered dose and body weight, the local blood flow was calculated. Following were the results: 1. The uptake values of $^{86}Rb$ in the above organs and tissues of rats were different from other previous reports, in which the large rats were used. It appears, therefore, that the correction on the basis of body weight is necessary. 2. The uptakes of $^{86}Rb$ in the above organs and tissues of rabbits remained rather stationary within 20 to 40 seconds. 3. The local blood flow in the above organs and tissues were calculated from $^{86}Rb$ uptake in per cent dose per 1 gram tissue for 200 gram body weight. The formula could be applied not only to the rabbits but to the rats. 4. The present method could be applied to the comparison of the local blood flow between the various organs and tissues of the control and experimental animals.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.182-188
• /
• 1994

작물의 인산영양진단을 $^{32}P-bioassay$법에 의하는 것과 같은 원리로 K의 영양진단 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 맥주보리(Hordeum distichum)를 K수준을 달리 공급하여 4주간 수경재배한 후 $^{42}K$(half life: 12.36 hr)와 $^{86}Rb$(half life: 18.86 hr)을 추적자로 사용하여 K-bioassay를 실시했던 바 $^{42}K$와 $^{86}Rb$의 흡수능은 모두 K의 공급수준과 지수적인 역상관을 나타내어 K의 영양진단이 가능하다는 사실을 확인했으며, 반감기가 짧아서 실험시간의 제한을 받게 되는 $^{42}K$대신 K의 analog로 Rb을 사용할 수 있음도 알게 되었다. 그리고 3년생 조생온주감귤(Citrus unshiu Marc.)을 K공급수준을 달리해서 4개월간 수경으로 재배한 뒤 $^{86}Rb$의 흡수능을 측정한 결과 K공급수준과 지수적인 역상관을 나타내어 맥주보리와 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 감귤나무의 경우 $^{86}Rb$ 추적자를 이용한 K-bioassay가 가능하다고 생각된다. 또한, K시비수준을 달리하여 7주간 재배된 보리의 Rb흡수능이 토양 중 치환성 가리함량과 고도의 상관을 보인 점은 K-bioassay에 의한 Rb흡수능 값과 치환성가리의 함량과의 관계에서 작물의 생육에 적당한 치환성가리 함량을 산정해 낼 수 있다고 사료된다. 한편, 맥주보리와 감귤뿌리에 의한 $^{42}K$와 $^{86}Rb$의 흡수는 모두 $5{\times}10^{-3}\;M$ KCN에 의해서 크게 저해되었으므로 K와 Rb이 능동적 흡수가 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 감귤의 엽중 K함량은 K의 공급수준과 밀접한 상관이 발견되지 않았기 때문에 $^{86}Rb$을 이용한 K-bioassay법은 엽분석보다 더 정확하게 감귤의 생리적인 K요구성을 측정할 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 3년생 이상의 감귤나무에 대하여는 포장시험으로 확인되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한핵의학회 1970년도 제9차 학술대회
• /
• pp.96-96
• /
• 1970

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.457-466
• /
• 1997

The effects of DFMO or/and putrescine on the dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of CEM cells were studied to investigate the role of polyamines in anti-leukemic glucocorticoid action. Dexamethasone- induced apoptosis was preceded by significant decreases of cellular polyamine contents and putrescine uptake activity. But DFMO produced decreases of putrescine and spermidine contents and marked increase of putrescine uptake activity, but did not induce apoptosis. However, dexamethasone and DFMO, respectively, induced $G_1-arrest$ in cell cycle and hypophosphorylation of pRb, resulting in the increase of $G_1$ to S ratio and decrease of CEM cell count. DFMO enhanced the dexamethasone-induced apoptosis and $G_1-arrest$. On the other hand, putrescine little affected the apoptotic and $G_1-arresting$ activities of dexamethasone, but almost suppress the effects of DFMO and also the DFMO-dependent enhancement of dexamethasone effects. These results suggested that the dexamethasone-induced apoptosis to be associated with pRb hypophosphorylation and $G_1-arrest$ in CEM cells might be ascribed to the concomitant decreases of cellular polyamine contents and putrescine uptake activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 1995

Renal proximal tubular hypertrophy and hyperfunction are known to be early manifestations of experimental and human diabetes. As the hypertrophy and hyperfunction have been suggested to be central components in the progression to renal failure, an understanding of their underlying causes is potentially important for the development of therapy. A primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cell culture system was utilized to evaluate the possibility that the renal proximal tubular hypertrophy and hyperfunction observed in vivo in diabetes mellitus, can be attributed to effects of elevated glucose levels on membrane transport systems. Primary cultures of rabbit proximal tubules, which achieved confluence at 10 days, exhibited brush-border characteristics typical of proximal tubular cells. Northern analysis indicated $2.2{\sim}2.3$ and 2.0 kb Na/glucose cotransporter RNA species appeared in fresh and cultured proximal tubule cells after confluence, repectively. The cultured cells showed reduced Na/glucose cotransporter activity compared to fresh proximal tubules. Primary cultured proximal tubule cells incubated in medium containing 20 mM glucose have reduced ${\alpha}-MG$ transport compared to cells grown in 5 mM glucose. In the proximal tubule cultures incubated in medium containing 5 mM or 20 mM glucose, phlorizin at 0.5 mM inhibited 0.5 mM ${\alpha}-MG$ uptake by 84.35% or 91.85%, respectively. The uptake of 0.5 mM ${\alpha}-MG$ was similarly inhibited by 0.1 mM ouabain (41.97% or 48.03% inhibition was observed, respectively). In addition, ${\alpha}-MG$ uptake was inhibited to a greater extent when $Na^{+}$ was omitted from the uptake buffer (81.86% or 86.73% inhibition was observed, respectively). In cell homogenates derived from the primary cells grown in 5 mM glucose medium, the specific activity of the Na/K-ATPase $(6.17{\pm}1.27\;{\mu}mole\;Pi/mg\;protein/hr)$ was 1.56 fold lower than the values in cell homogenates treated with 360 mg/dl D-glucose, 20 mM $(9.67{\pm}1.22\;{\mu}mole\;Pi/mg\;protein/hr)$. Total $Rb^{+}$ uptake occurred at a significantly higher rate (1.60 fold increase) in primary cultured rabbit kidney proximal tubule cell monolayers incubated in 20 mM glucose medium $(10.48{\pm}2.45\;nM/mg\;protein/min)$ as compared with parallel cultures in 5 mM glucose medium. $Rb^{+}$ uptake rate in 5 mM glucose medium was reduced by 28% when the cultures were incubated with 1 mM ouabain. The increase of the $Rb^{+}$ uptake by rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells in 20 mM glucose could be attributed primarily to an increase in the rate of ouabain-sensitive $Rb^{+}$ uptake $(5\;mM\;to\;20\;mM;\;4.68{\pm}0.85\;to\;8.38{\pm}1.37\;nM/mg\;protein/min)$. In conclusion, the activity of the renal proximal tubular Na,K-ATPase is elevated in high glucose concentration. In contrast, the activity of the Nafglucose cotransport system is inhibited.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2002

Ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine with various therapeutic effects. However, it is still unknown which component of this plant is effective at promoting wound healing. Recently, ginsenoside $Rb_2$ has been reported to improve wound healing. In this study, to investigate the reported wound healing effect of the ginsenoside $Rb_2$, cell morphology and protein factors involved in epidermal formation were evaluated by immunshemical and immunoblotting analysis. $Rb_2$ stimulated epidermal cell proliferation, and the cell showed a 1.5-fold increase in thymidine uptake compared to the control (p<0.05, n=3). Futheremore $Rb_2$, was found to stimulate epidermis formation in a dose-dependent manner in raft culture, and to dose dependently enhance the expressions of protein factors related to cell proliferation, namely, epidermal growth factor and its receptor, fibronectin and its receptor, keratin 5/14, and collagenase 1 (p<0.05, n=3~9). It is believed that ginsenoside $Rb_2$, enhances epidermal cell proliferation by upregulating the expressions of these proliferation-related factors.