• 품질경영학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.199-220
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the score data released by the Korea Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation to find out the problems with the current scoring system provided by the College Scholastic Ability Test and to suggest improvement measures to solve these problems. Methods: We calculated the descriptive statistics of the standard scores using the frequency distribution table of the standard scores and identified the characteristics of the standard scores by expressing the distribution as a graph. Also, we developed an index to evaluate whether each stanine level was stably assigned and calculated the indexes for each area/subject by using the data on the number of examinees for each level. Results: We found that the relationship of conversion from raw scores to integerized standard scores is different depending on the size of the standard deviation of the raw scores, and identified the problem that the raw score information is not fairly reflected in the calculation of the percentile and level as the two raw scores are converted to one standard score. This problem can be solved by calculating the standard score to a decimal point. Conclusion: In this study, as a way to improve the quality of the scores of the current CSAT, the standard score and percentile decimal notation, the specific regulations of the standard score and stanine level calculation method, and the expansion of the open range of the scores were suggested.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to indicate the foundational data to standardize MVPT-R for Koreans. Method : This study was conducted on 221 children ranging in all preschool age from 4 to 6 years residing in Busan and Kyungsangnam-do. It was performed from January 12, 2004 to April 30, 2004. Result : First, similar to American children, as Korean children grow older, the mean raw score of MVPT-R increased. Second, Korean children's mean raw score was higher than that of American children; 3.51 in 4 age, 1.52 in 4.6 age, 2.93 in 5 age, 1.72 in 5.6 age, 1.84 in 6 age and 0.48 in 6.6 age. Third, the mean of PQ(106.57) in Korean children was higher than that of PQ in American children. Fourth, The raw score in Korean children was higher than the raw score in American children in most of the subjects(excluding visual closure subjects). Conclusion : The visual perception skill of Korean children is higher than that of American children. If we apply MVPT-R developed in U.S to Korean children, it will be difficult for Korean children to achieve the adequate results. Therefore, we must use the standardized MVPT-R for Korean that can minimize the differences between American and Korean children's visual perception skills.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.90-103
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to compare two approach to assessment of coping patterns. The sampling method was a purposive sampling technique. The study participants were out patients 113 of rheumatoid arthritis center of one University hospitals in Seoul. Datas were collected from Nov. 13 to Nov. 24, 1995. The instruments used for this study were Graphic Rating Scales of pain, The Beck Depression Inventory and Coping Patterns tool. The collected data were analyzed for frequency, means, SD, factor analysis., Pearsons' correlations and ANOVA. The results were summerized as follows ; 1. When raw scores were used : there were not correlation in all three coping patterns. 2. When relative scores were used : there were significantly correlated in all three coping patterns. 1) Active coping and Positive-cognitive coping (r=-0.352, p< 0.0001) 2) Positive-cognitive coping and Negative-cognitive coping (r=-0.594, p< 0.0001) 3) Active coping and Negative-cognitive coping(r=-0.544, p< 0.0001) The results of this research with relative scales provided more insight into the correlation in all three coping patterns. 3. Pearsons' Correlations were computed for each coping pattern, age, pain level, duration of pain and BDI. 1) Using raw score : (1) Active coping was significantly related to pain level(sensory score ; r=0.268, p<0.05, affective score ; r=0.266, p< 0.05) (2) Positive-cognitive coping was significantly related to age (r=-0.252, p< 0.05), pain level (sensory score ; r= -0.244, p< 0.05) (3) Negative-cognitive coping was significantly related to depression level (r=0.312 p< 0.0001). 2) Using relative score (1) Active coping was significantly related to pain level(sensory score ; r=0.299, p<0.05, affective score ; r=0.246, p< 0.05) (2) Positive-cognitive coping was significantly related to age (r= -0.187, P< 0.05), pain level (sensory score ; r=-0.317, p<0.0001, affective score : r=-0.305, p<0.0001) and depression level(-0.339, p<0.0001)) (3) Negative-cognitive coping was significantly related to depression. level(r=0.313, p<0.0001). 4. When raw and realtive coping scores were compared to those of age groups, religious groups and BDI level(high, middle, low) ; 1) Using raw score : (1) Active coping : there were not significantly difference (2) Positive-cognitive coping ; 20-39 age group and 50-59age group had significantly higher scores than over 60age group. BDI-low level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. (3) Negative-cognitive coping : 20-39age group and over 60age group had significantly higher scores than 40-49age group. Non-religious group had significantly higher scores than christian group. BDI-high level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. 2) Using relative score : (1) Active coping : over 60 age group had significantly higher scores than 20-39 age group and 40-49age group had significantly higher scores than 20-39 age group (2) Positive-cognitive coping ; 40-49age group, 20-39age group and 50-59age group had significantly higher scores than over 60age group. Christian group had significantly higher scores than non-religious group. BDI-low level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. (3) Negative-cognitive coping ; Non-religious group had significantly higher scores than christian group and buddhistic group. BDI-high level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. The current data suggest that relative scores may yield a different perspective on coping patters than raw scores. The use of relative scores reveals the relation clearly, without its being blurred statistically by the effect of other coping strategies or being relegated to a partial correlation. The use of relative scores holds promise for delineating the relations between ways of coping and health-related behavior.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1677-1679
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• 2002

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the tenderness of meat and it''s correlation with other carcass traits of Hanwoo steers. The significantly (p<0.01) higher mastication and shearing were observed in boiled meat than in the raw meat but the coefficient of variations were greater in raw meat than in boiled meat. The correlation between raw and boiled meat for shearing and penetration were positive and significant (p<0.01). Negative and significant correlations were observed between mastication and eye muscle area (p<0.05) and also between shearing and cooking loss (p<0.01) in raw meat whereas, penetration in raw meat was positively and significantly (p<0.05) correlated with age of the steers. Shearing in boiled meat negatively and significantly correlated with age (p<0.05), carcass weight (p<0.01), back fat thickness (p<0.01) as well as muscle score (p<0.01). The pH was not significantly correlated with tenderness in both raw and boiled meat. There were possibilities that the tenderness of boiled meat could be predicted from the raw meat.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2002

In this thesis. we estimated the good reliability coefficient ${\beta}$$\sub$k/ that is unbiased, consistent and more efficient than Cronbach's ${\alpha}$$\sub$k/ in splitting of a test into several formats of subtests and several properties of ${\beta}$$\sub$k/ are also represented. The tables of coefficients of skewness and kurtosis are represented to test the significance of departures from normality. We got the cumulative normal plots of z'from the distribution which is departed from normality using the Bock's approximation procedure and we finally enumerated the transformed standardized scores z'and a new raw score X' which enable us to proceed further evaluation procedures depending on our assessment policy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2006

To evaluate method for monitoring anesthetic depth with quantitative electroencephalography (q-EEG), we recorded processed EEG (raw EEG) and pain score till 100 minutes in beagle dogs anesthetized for 60 minutes with propofol (n = 5, PRO group), isoflurane (n = 5, ISO group) and propofol-ketaminefentanyl (n = 5, PFK group). Raw EEG was converted into 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF) by fast Fourier transformation (FFT) method. We investigated anesthetic depth by comparing relationship (Pearson's correlation) between q-EEG (95% SEF) and pain score. Pearson's correlation coefficients are +0.2372 (p = 0.0494, PRO group), +0.79506 (p < 0.001, ISO group) and +0.49903 (p = 0.0039, PFK group).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2019

Objective: Terminalia arjuna plant, specially its leaves, bark, and roots, are widely used in traditional herbal medicine due to presence of bioactive components and being a rich source of natural antioxidants. But its fruit has not been used for any such purposes despite its potential to retard oxidation. Hence, the antioxidant potential of Arjuna fruit extract (AFE) in retarding lipid and protein oxidation of raw ground pork was evaluated during refrigerated storage for 9 days. Methods: The AFEs were prepared using different solvents viz. ethanol (EH), water, ethanol: water (60:40) and methanol:hot water (60:40). The AFEs were analysed for total phenolic content (TPC), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Water extract (WE) and ethanol-water extract (EH-WE) were selected and incorporated at 1.0% into freshly minced pork meat and compared with a synthetic antioxidant, in retarding lipid and protein oxidation during storage. Results: The TPC in AFEs using different solvents ranged from 11.04 to 16.53 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and extracts exhibited appreciable scavenging activity ranging from 50.02% to 58.62%. Arjuna extracts significantly (p<0.05) improved the colour score of meat samples by reducing the formation of metmyoglobin during storage. Both the AFEs (WE and EH-WE) significantly (p<0.05) lowered the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value, peroxide formation and formation of protein carbonyls in raw pork than control sample during storage. Upon sensory evaluation of all samples, it was found that AFE treatment could prolong the storage period of meat samples, without influencing the colour and odour score, up to 6 days. Conclusion: AFEs used at 1% improved the oxidative stability, colour and odour score and prolonged the refrigerated shelf life of ground pork up 6 days. Therefore, AFE could be explored as an alternative natural antioxidant in retarding lipid and protein oxidation in meat products.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2020

본 연구는 최근 소비가 크게 증가하고 있는 가정간편식의 원료에 대한 모니터링을 수행하였다. 다양한 유형의 가정간편식 제품을 구입하여 112개 원료의 DNA 바코드를 분석하였다. 원재료의 종을 동정하기 위하여 DNA 바코드 증폭에 주로 이용되는 미토콘드리아의 16S ribosomal RNA 유전자 부위를 증폭하는 프라이머 세트를 이용하였다. PCR 산물은 정제하여 염기서열을 분석한 후, 이를 이용하여 미국국립보건원에서 제공하는 BLAST search를 수행하였다. GenBank에 등록되어 있는 종의 염기서열과 유사도(Identity)와 매치 점수(Match score)를 비교하여 원료의 종을 판별하였다. 112개의 원료에서 24개의 종(Species)과 3개의 속(Genus)를 동정하였다. 3개의 속은 Identity의 기준이 되는 98% 이내에 해당하는 종이 다수 존재하여 속 수준에서 판별하였다. 판별 결과를 「식품의 기준 및 규격(제2019-57호)」 중 '(별표 1) 사용할 수 있는 원료 목록'에서 제시하는 사용 가능한 원료와 비교하여 국명 및 섭취 가능 여부를 판단하였으며, 등재되어 있지 않은 6개 종은 국제적으로 공인된 기구에서 어획량에 대한 정보를 확인하고, 식용 근거, 학명·이명 등을 확인하여 식용 가능 여부를 판단하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.730-736
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• 2013

This study was to establish irradiation process for serving ginseng chicken porridge to immune-compromised patients. Raw chicken, glutinous rice, ginseng, garlic, dried jujube and carrot were used as raw materials for ginseng chicken porridge. The initial level of microorganisms contaminated in raw materials and their predominant species were determined. The level of microorganism detected in raw chicken and in ginseng were 3.4 Log CFU/g and 4.7 Log CFU/g, respectively. Major predominant microorganisms were Pseudomonas fragi in chicken, Enterobactor faecalis in carrot, and Bacillus subtilis in other materials. Chicken and carrot were excluded from irradiation treatment because ordinary thermal treatment can inactivate the microorganisms contaminated in those materials. Five kGy of gamma ray was the effective sterilizing dose required to inactivate B. subtilis in glutinous rice, garlic and jujube, and 10 kGy in ginseng. Ginseng chicken porridge was prepared with each of raw materials gamma-irradiated with the selected sterilizing doses. Control was ginseng chicken porridge prepared with non-irradiated materials. The growth of microorganisms was not observed in the chicken porridge prepared with irradiated raw materials. Sensory results showed that the score of flavor and off-flavor was slightly lower in ginseng chicken porridge prepared with irradiated raw materials than in control. This was considered to be due to the increase of TBARS values by gamma irradiation. However, there was no significant difference on overall acceptance between the porridge prepared with irradiated raw materials and control. The results showed that the individual gamma irradiation of raw materials can be applied to prepare ginseng chicken porridge as meals for the immunocompromised patients.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of Gamikyejakjimo-tang (ji$\bar{a}$w$\grave{e}$igu$\grave{i}$sh$\acute{a}$ozh$\bar{i}$m-t$\bar{a}$ng, GK) on rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We checked viability and measured production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-${\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7 cell after treat by GK. Then we measured rheumatoid arthritis index score of DBA/1 mice with rheumatoid arthritis induced by CIA after GK oral administration, checked IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-${\alpha}$ and hs-CRP tests in serum. Also we were observed mRNA expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in spleen by RT-PCR. Results : GK showed cell viability of 100% or higher in all concentration in RAW 264.7 cells. GK inhibited LPS-induced productions of rheumatoid arthritis mediators cytokine in RAW 264.7cells. GK treated group showed improvement from rheumatoid arthritis at decreased the index score. Also, GK treated group decreased level in serum of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-a and hs-CRP tests by 31%, 35%, 20%, 57% and 58% respectively. Finally, GK treated group showed decrease expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in spleen by 46%, 51%, 25% and 42% respectively. Conclusions : In this study, in-vitro and in-vivo results observed rheumatoid arthritis factors cytokine of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-${\alpha}$ decrease in RAW 264.7 cells, serum, mRNA expression. Also, GK showed decrease of inflammation figure in hs-CRP tests depending on effect of rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, these results can used as a effective drug of GK for rheumatoid arthritis.