• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.174-183
• /
• 2004

This analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and anthropometric indices using the data from a cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, '98 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey. Subjects were selected by stratified multistage probability sampling design and completed dietary questionnares including food intakes for one day by 24-hour recall method. For this analysis, 6566 subjects were selected by age(over 20 years old). For anthropometry, height, weight, and waist- and hip- circumference were measured. They were classified by body mass index(BMI, weight(Kg)/$height^2 $($m^2 $)) and waist-hip ratio(WHR, waist circumference(Cm)/hip circumference(Cm)). The nutrients intake of subjects were compared with the recommended daily allowances(RDA). Mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was calculated. Mean heights, weights, BMIs were higher in the groups with nutrient intake over 125% of RDA than the lower intake groups for most nutrients. However, Mean WHR was the highest in the groups with nutrient intake under 75% of RDA for most nutrients excluding iron intake of women aged 20-64 years. Among women aged 20-64 years, means of MAR were 0.71 for obese individuals(BMI>30), 0.72 for subjects with underweight(BMI<18.5), and 0.76 for subjects with normal weight(18.5$\leq$BMI<25). Normal subjects has statistically significantly higher MAR than those of other groups. However, among elderly people aged over 65 years, obese group had the highest MAR, 0.68. Women with abdominal obesity(WHR>0.9) had lower MAR, 0.71 than those with normal weight(MAR=0.76). From these results, obesity and abdominal obesity seems to be the results of malnutrition including both undernutrition and overnutrition rather than simple problem of excess energy intake. Obesity in elderly people needs to be handled differently from adults.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.177-185
• /
• 1991

Dipyridamole thallium imaging is one of the most widely accepted means of evaluating patients with suspected or known coronay artery disease. The results of thallium imaging help diagnose coronary artery disesse (CAD), determine the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenosis, evaluate viability of myocardium, assess the outcome of therapeutic interventions and stratify patients according to their risk for luther cardiac events. An increased lung thallium uptake and transient LV dilation has been reported as poor prognostic indicator and associated with extensive and severe coronary artery disease. We quantitated lung/heart uptake ratio (l/HUR) and transient left ventricular dilation ratio in 44 patients and 17 controls undertaking dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy. The results are as follows: 1) The lung/heart uptake ratio was high in patients with CAD and which became higher according to increasing number of diseased vessel. The L/HUR of patients with low LVEF (<35%) was lower than those with normal LVEF. 2) Transient left ventricular dilation ratio of CAD patients had no close relation between numbers of diseased vessels and was not higher than normals. But transient left ventricular dilation ratio of patients with myocardial infartion was higher than normals. We concluded that lung/heart uptake ratio seems to be sensitive marker for severity of CAD and myocardial function, but transient left ventricular dilation ratio alone is not sufficient to be a marker for severe and extensive CAD.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 1975

Changes of urinary aldosterone excretion, concurrent sodium and potassium excretion following furosemide administration were studied in normotensive young Korean with high sodium intake, moderate sodium restriction and marked sodium depletion. After intravenous injection of furosemd 40mg, plasma and urine samples were collected at every thirty minutes for two hours. Plasma-and urinary aldosterone, electrolyte concentration and urine flow rate were measured by means of radioimmunoassay or flamephotometry. Relations of urinary aldosterone to concurrent sodium or potassium/sodium ratio, and of urinary aldosterone to concurrent plasma aldosterone activity were studied. Following were the results: 1. Furosemide administration resulted in a increased urinary aldosterone concentration and unchanged or somewhat decreased sodium concentration in course of time after the injection. 2. Urinary potassium concentration showed initial decrease and subsequent increase in course of time after furosemide administration and it resulted in a gradual increase in urinary potassium/sodium ratio. 3. Studying the relations between urinary aldosterone excretion and potassium/sodium excretion ratio, or sodium excretion were meaningless because of the urinary flow rate after the injection was decreased with time course. 4. Furosemide administration showed a good relationship of urinary aldosterone concentration to concurrent potassium/sodium ratio rather than concurrent sodium concentration in subjects with sodium restriction, but no meaningful relationship was detected in subjects with high sodium intake because increasing rate of the ratio was not so wide. 5. Furosemide also resulted a reasonable relation of plasma aldosterone concentration to concurrent urinary aldosterone concentration especially during low sodium intake. 6. Above results suggested that relation of urinary aldosterone concentration to K/Na ratio following furosemide administration during sodium restriction is significant and has a benefit to reduce the variation induced by kalemic change showing in the diragram for daily aldosterone to sodium excretion.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.733-762
• /
• 2016

Based on a reduced displacement field, a layer-wise (LW) formulation is developed for analysis of thick shell panels which is subjected to axial tension. Employing the principle of minimum total potential energy, the local governing equations of thick panel which is subjected to axial extension are obtained. An analytical method is developed for solution of the governing equations for various edge conditions. The governing equations are solved for free and simply supported edge conditions. The interlaminar stresses in the panel are investigated by means of Hooke's law and also by means of integration of the equilibrium equations of elasticity. Dependency of the result upon the number of numerical layers in the layerwise theory (LWT) is studied. The accuracy of the numerical results is validated by comparison with the results of the finite element method and with other available results in the open literature and good agreement is seen between the results. Numerical results are then presented for the distribution of interlaminar normal and shear stresses within the symmetric and un-symmetric cross-ply thick panels with free and simply supported boundaries. The effects of the geometrical parameters such as radius to thickness and width to thickness ratio are investigated on the distribution of the interlaminar stresses in thick panels.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1971

The correlation between the plasma insulin, and glucose concentration was studied in healthy Korean adults consisting of 20 males and 22 females of 16 to 38 years of age. The blood samples of above subjects were obtained through cubital vein at arbitrary times, during their usual working hours. Plasma insulin was assayed by means of double antibody system of radioimnmunoassy technics, and blood glucose was determined by means of Van Slyke-Folch method. Results were as follows: 1. There were no differences in the blood sugar levels in relation to the plasma insulin concentration either by sex or age. 2. In the case, when the plasma insulin concentration was within $200m{\mu}D/ml$, the correlation between the insulin, and glucose concentration existed, the ratio of which was expressed as; Plasma glucose concentration(mg/dI)=$91.9+0.08{\times}Insulin$ concentration r=0.62 3. Insulinogenic index was 12.4%, which was somewhat higher than other reports. 4. It is suggested that the correlation between plasma insulin and glucose concentration could be determined at arbitrary times instead of fasting times.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 1972

Fifteen cases of primiparas and their offsprings (fetal cord) were investigated with regard their serum total, free and esterified cholesterol by means of Liberman Buchard reaction. The serum ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}-lipoprotein$ were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and the serum atherolipid numbers were calculated on the bases of the serum total cholesterol and ${\beta}-/{\alpha}-$ lipoprotein ratio, with the following conclusion. 1.Total, free and esterified cholesterol are $178.9{\pm}25.3$, $45.1{\pm}12.6$ and $133.7{\pm}20.6\;mg.%$ in the normal control women, $201.5{\pm}29.5,\;58.7{\pm}42.1$ and $157.1{\pm}26.2\;mg.%$ in the maternal blood, showing hypercholesterolemia in the latter as compared to the former. 2. The serum total, free and esterified cholesterol in the cord blood are $94.5{\pm}20.4$, $32.9{\pm}1.5$ and $61.2{\pm}18.9mg.%$, showing hypocholesterolemia as compared to the control women and maternal blood. 3. The serum ${\alpha}-$, $pre-{\beta}$, ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ and chylomicron are $24.2{\pm}4.2$, $17.3{\pm}3.4$, $51.8{\pm}4.8$ and $6.0{\pm}1.6%$ in the normal women, whereas $14.9{\pm}2.1$, $22.2{\pm}5.1$, $58.7{\pm}3.3 and 3.1{\pm}1.2%$ in the maternal serum, $32.4{\pm}8.1$, $28.8{\pm}2.4$, $25.8{\pm}7.0$ and $3.1{\pm}0.9%$ in the cord serum, showing $hyper-{\beta}-lipoproteinemia$ in the former and $hypo-{\beta}-lipoproteinemia$ in the latter. 4. The serum atherolipid number of the normal control women, maternal cord blood are $4.21{\pm}1.24$, $8.02{\pm}1.42$ and $1.12{\pm}0.37$, showing hyperlipemia in the former and hypolipemia in latter. 5. The relative ratio of the serum free and esterified cholestrol of both normal control women and maternal blood is about 1 : 3, while that of the fetal blood about 1 : 2. 6. The relative ratioes of the serum ${\alpha}-and$ ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ in the control women is about 1 : 2, that of materna blood about 1 : 3 and that of the fetal blood about equal magnitude. 7. The serum esterified cholesterol, ${\alpha}-lipoprotein,\;{\beta}-/{\alpha}-lipoprotein$ ratio and atherolipid number fluctuates are proportionally between the maternal and fetal blood, while the serum free, total cholesterol and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ between the two vary inversely with statistically significant corelations. 8. It is apparent from the above results that the fetal nutritional demand for lipids resulted from hypocholesterolemia and hypo ${\beta}-lipoproteinemia$ seems to be met satisfactorily by maternal hypercholesterolemia and hyper ${\beta}-lipoproteinemia$, which seems to pose a significant maternal-infant nutritional relationship. A brief ciscussion was made on these conciusion in the light of biochemistry and endocrinology.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2001

The phase morphology is an important factor in the rheology of immiscible polymer blends. Through its size and shape, the interface between the two phases determines how the components and the interface itself will contribute to the global stresses. Rheological measurements have been used successfully in the past to probe the morphological changes in model blends, particularly for dilute systems. For more concentrated blends only a limited amount of systematic rheological data is available. Here, viscosities and first normal stress differences are presented for a system with nearly Newtonian components, the whole concentration range is covered. The constituent polymers are PDMS and PIB, their viscosity ratio can be changed by varying the temperature. The data reported here have been obtained at 287 K where the viscosities of the two components are identical. By means of relaxation experiments the measured stresses are decomposed into component and interfacial contributions. The concentration dependence is quite different for the two types of contribution. Except for the component contributions to the shear stresses there is no clear indication of the phase inversion. Plotting either the interfacial shear or normal stresses as a function of composition produces in some cases two maxima. The relaxation times of these stresses display a similar concentration dependence. Although the components have the same viscosity, the stress-component curves are not symmetrical with respect to the 50/50 blend. A slight elasticity of one of the components seems to be the cause of this effect. The data for the more concentrated blends at higher shear rates are associated with a fibrillar morphology.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2024

Background: Oral frailty is defined as the functional decline of the oral function due to aging, and it is associated with frailty and chronic disease. Most of the frailty intervention is for adults aged 65 years and older. However, early intervention for preventive disorder is most important. The objective of this study was to identify the age at which oral frailty surpass the "normal" range. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 719 adults (aged 30~89 years) residing in Gangwon province in May 2023. Risk of oral frailty was assessed using criteria from The Korean Academy of Geriatric Dentistry including oral function such as swallowing and mastication, and frailty. Frailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist. To determine when oral frailty surpass the "normal" status, statistical analysis including chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed using R (ver. 4.3.1). Results: There were 388 (54.0%) individuals who had a "normal" status risk of oral frailty. The risk of oral frailty was higher in the 50~54 age group compared to the 30~34 age group (odds ratio [OR] 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28~0.91), after adjusting for gender, education, income, occupation, and frailty (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22~0.94). This means that from 50~54 years old, regardless of gender, education, income, occupation, or frailty condition, there is a distinction from the "normal" status. Conclusion: We found that intervention for oral frailty is needed starting from age 50 years. This is the stage where early indications of oral frailty become apparent. Early intervention for oral frailty can lead to a decrease in the prevalence of diseases and medical expenditure. Therefore, early intervention in middle-aged adults of oral frailty is necessary to improve the quality of life related to oral health.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.208-213
• /
• 2004

In this paper, a new method for the estimation of the effect of DSM program is proposed. By identifying the learning curve of high efficient induction motor, the effect of DSM program applied to that product can be estimated. The learning curve of normal induction motor, to which no DSM program is applied, is identified also. Both learning curves, which are different shapes, means different teaming ratio. It can be concluded that DSM program makes the learning curve of the product change the shape. It also can be concluded that DSM program has influence on the sale of the product to which it is applied.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.208-208
• /
• 2004

In this paper, a new method for the estimation of the effect of DSM program is proposed. By identifying the learning curve of high efficient induction motor, the effect of DSM program applied to that product can be estimated. The learning curve of normal induction motor, to which no DSM program is applied, is identified also. Both learning curves, which are different shapes, means different teaming ratio. It can be concluded that DSM program makes the learning curve of the product change the shape. It also can be concluded that DSM program has influence on the sale of the product to which it is applied.