• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.760-775
• /
• 1994

We evaluated the nutritional status of 116 Songmyun middle school students. The means of height and weight were similar to the standards published by the Ministry of Education(1991). The height of 79% of the subjects was in the normal range, and the height for 11% was below the normal range. While 27% of the subjects were underweight, 18% and 8% were overweight and obese, respectively. The percentage of anemia was 29%, and the mean urinary urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio was 8$\pm$4. Total daily energy and nutrient intake was 48-103% of RDAs, and especially calcium and iron intake was very low. Carbohydrate, protein and fat intake was 71%, 12% and 17% of total calories, respectively. Breakfast, lunch, dinner and the between meals provided 20%, 37%, 26% and 18% of total energy intake. Energy and nutrient intake from lunch box was 52-95% of the 1/3 RDAs. Our data suggest that the nutrition education for the meal planners of the subjects is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the subjects. In addition, the school lunch program is recommended.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 1998

The stress intensity factor has been calculated theoretically for the cracked plate subjected to remote normal stress and reinforced with a sheet by symmetric seam welding. The singular integral equation was derived based on displacement compatibility condition between the cracked sheet and the reinforcement plate, and solved by means of Erdogran and Gupta's method. The results from the derived equation for stress intensity factor were compared with FEM solutions and seems to be reasonable. The reinforcement effect gets better as welding line is closer to the crack and the stiffness ratio of the cracked plate and the reinforcement sheet becomes larger.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 2006

Purpose : To research the Skin Resistance Variability(SRV) of premature ovarian failure(POF) patients by Autonomic Bioelectric Response Recorder(ABR-2000 system, Meridian, Korea) and report the specific results in SRV of POF patients. Methods : We measured SRV of 17 POF Patients who came to Conmaul Oriental Medical Hospital during August 2005 ${\sim}$ July 2006 by ABR-2000 system. We analyzed the results which height of graph Part was converted into 0${\sim}$10, and the readings of Low/Normal/High. Results : The mean value of graph height on each(1, 2, 3) part is lower than normal range(4-6) in POF patients. The distribution ratio of Low/Normal/High on each(1, 2, 3) part shows that there are much more Low proportion in POF patients. Conclusion : The low graph height of POF patients on 1, 2, 3 part means that conductivity & capacitance of POF patients is low, especially on head.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 1975

A knowledge of the wide ranges in shape of liver is important in the interpretation of hepatic scintigraphy as some variants may be easily confused with pathological abnormalities. In this study, the variations in shape in 250 cases of normal liver obtained by scintiphoto were categorized into 9 types by means of the arbitrary standard for classification. Following were the results; 1) Among 250 normal cases, type 5 was 118(47.2%) with the highest prevalence and type 3 was 2 (0.8%) with the lowest. 2) A high incidence of obesity was noted in type 1, type 4 and type 8. That of ideal weight was noted in type 2, type 5 type 6 and type 9. 3) A high ratio of cardiac impression in scintiphoto was noted in type 4, type 7 and type 8. That of square left lobe was noted in type 2, type 6 and type 9. Finally that of tailed left lobe was in type 4, type 7 and type 8.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.1273-1283
• /
• 1997

Experiments of shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction were conducted by using a supersonic wind tunnel. Nominal Mach number was varied in the range of 1.6 to 3.0 by means of different nozzles. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of boundary layer flow bleed on the interaction flow field in a straight tube. Two-dimensional slits were installed on the tube walls to bleed the turbulent boundary layer flows. The bleed flows were measured by an orifice. The ratio of the bleed mass flow to main mass flow was controlled within the range of 11 per cent. The wall pressures were measured by the flush mounted transducers and Schlieren optical observations were made for almost all of the experiments. The results show that the boundary layer flow bleed reduces the multiple shock waves to a strong normal shock wave. For the design Mach number of 1.6, it was found that the normal shock wave at the position of the silt was resulted from the main flow choking due to the suction of the boundary layer flow.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.1229-1237
• /
• 1998

Experiments of shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction were conducted by using a supersonic wind tunnel. Nominal Mach number was varied in the range of 1.6 to 3.0 by means of different nozzles. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of boundary layer suction on normal shock-wave oscillations caused by shock wave/boundary layer interaction in a straight duct. Two-dimensional slits were installed on the top and bottom walls of the duct to bleed turbulent boundary layer flows. The bleed flows were measured by an orifice. The ratio of the bleed mass flow to main mass flow was controlled below the range of 11 per cent. Time-mean and fluctuating wall pressures were measured, and Schlieren optical observations were made to investigate time-mean flow field. Time variations in the shock wave displacement were obtained by a high-speed camera system. The results show that boundary layer suction by slits considerably reduce shock-wave oscillations. For the design Mach number of 2.3, the maximum amplitude of the oscillating shock-wave reduces by about 75% compared with the case of no slit for boundary layer suction.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2008

1. Objectives When we give Jowiseungcheong-tang to Taeumin patients, analyzing a change of their autonomic nervous system. It is measured by the heart rate variability(HRV) analyzer. 2. Methods We give Jowiseungcheong-tang to ten Taeumin patients for three days and examine the HRV at first time and three days later. 3. Results and Conclusions We compared two HRV results. The value of RRNN(average of normal RR intervals), SDNN(the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals), RMSSD(the root mean square of successive differences between the normal heart beats) have a downward tendency. Norm HF(normalized high frequency power) have a upward tendency. norm LF (normalized low frequency power) and LHR(LF/HF ratio) have a downward tendency. It means hypofunction of autonomic nervous system. But all results are not significant. We think that restudy is needed with more patients and longer periods afterward.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 2019

Background: This study is designed to estimate the factors that affect the level of three different performance (publicity, efficiency, profitability) among regional public hospitals. Methods: The units of analysis are the regional 30 hospitals, which have the operating data during 22 years (from 1933 to 2014). The research method is used by fixed panel analysis. The publicity is measured by medicaid outpatient proportion and medicaid inpatient proportion. The efficiency is measured by two types of efficient score by DEA (data envelopment analysis). The profitability is measured by medical income to medical revenue and ROA (return on total asset). Results: At first, the increase of bed gives negative affect to the publicity but give positive effect to the efficiency and profitability. Because it means the increase of the region population, it gives more profitability compare to hospital with small number of beds. The more the operating period is the higher effect to the publicity and efficiency because of it's refutation. The debt ratio gives negative effect to publicity, but positive effect to profitability. It is the normal belief that there is inverse relationship between publicity and profitability. The turnover rate of bed gives the negative affect to the publicity, but positive affect to the efficiency and profitability. That give us the implication that type of the inpatient make different effect the hospital performance. The ratio of labor cost give negative effect to all kind of performance. That means that the higher labor cost don't mean the higher publicity and labor cost control is very important factors to hospital performance. So the region hospital have to focus the labor factors more to make higher performance. Conclusion: As the conclusion, the independent variables give similar effect to the efficiency and the profitability, but give inverse effect to the publicity. That means that if an region hospital want to make the more publicity, it loss the higher efficiency and profitability. Specially publicity is higher negative relation with the profitability.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.196-204
• /
• 2010

To establish the ideal occlusal relationship, the values of tooth size and ratio must be in a normal range. In this study, the means and standard deviations of Bolton's anterior ratio and overall ratio using mesiodistal dimensions of teeth measured on diagnostic models of 334 Korean malocclusion patients were calculated and differences in Bolton ratio according to the groups of malocclusion patients were studied. Also the changes that can occur in overall ratio before and after hypothetical tooth extractions were observed. The results are as follows. 1. The mean anterior ratio of Korean malocclusion patients was $78.0\;{\pm}\;2.69%$, and the mean overall ratio was $91.56\;{\pm}\;2.28%$. 2. The largest value of tooth size ratio could be found in Class III group, followed by Class I and Class II groups in order. However there was no statically significant difference. 3. The values of overall ratio reduced significantly after premolar extractions in all malocclusion groups, which was much more significant in the extraction of upper second premolar and lower first premolar(U5L4) or upper second premolar and lower second premolar(U5L5). 4. The values of overall ratio reduced significantly after premolar extractions in all 3 groups divided based on Bolton ratio, which was much more significant in the extraction of upper second premolar and lower first premolar(U5L4) or upper second premolar and lower second premolar(U5L5).

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.435-442
• /
• 2018

Outlier detection means to detect data samples that deviate significantly from the distribution of normal data. Most outlier detection methods calculate an outlier score that indicates the extent to which a data sample is out of normal state and determine it to be an outlier when its outlier score is above a given threshold. However, since the range of an outlier score is different for each data and the outliers exist at a smaller ratio than the normal data, it is very difficult to determine the threshold value for an outlier score. Further, in an actual situation, it is not easy to acquire data including a sufficient amount of outliers available for learning. In this paper, we propose a clustering-based outlier detection method by constructing a model representing a normal data region using only normal data and performing binary classification of outliers and normal data for new data samples. Then, by dividing the given normal data into chunks, and constructing a clustering model for each chunk, we expand it to the ensemble method combining the decision by the models and apply it to the streaming data with dynamic changes. Experimental results using real data and artificial data show high performance of the proposed method.