• Title/Summary/Keyword: Rating Classification

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Rock Mass Rating for Korean Tunnels Using Artificial Neural Network (인공신경망을 이용한 한국형 터널 암반분류)

  • 양형식;김재철
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.214-220
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    • 1999
  • In this study, the validity of items of RMR system is evaluated and the applicability of this system to the data measured in Korean sites if discussed. Database was constructed from 139 sites, which are composed of subways, railway tunnels and road tunnels. These sites are located nationwide. Analysis shows that original classification of Bieniawski is valid although it was derived empirically. But it has considerable rating difference (error) in the result of Korean application. Thus new classification systems of KRMRI and KRMR2 are suggested, which are deduced from the Korean database. The former includes adjusted ratings and the latter adopts two more items. These are deduced by artificial neural network because it is difficult to select \`characteristic value'to estimate rock quality.

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Comparison of Rock Mass Classification Methods (암반등급 분류법들의 비교연구)

  • Park Chul-Whan;Park Chan;Synn Joong-Ho
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.16 no.3 s.62
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    • pp.203-208
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    • 2006
  • This report is to introduce an article to compare 3 kinds of methods as RMR, Q-system and RMi published in Tunnel and Tunnelling Technology 2003. As rock mass classification is applied to estimate the amount of the support as an empirical design method, an attempt has been made to evaluate the parameters for classifications and their variations by Professor Nilsen and his team in Norway. Representability and reproducibility in measuring the field parameters are discussed and sensitivity of rating values in the three methods is also analyzed in this research. Although some parameters have high variation in rating among the 5 observers, the rock mass class has been found to be quite similar.

A Comparison and Evaluation of New Regulation on People Credit Funds Rating in Vietnam

  • Dang, Thu Thuy
    • Asian Journal of Business Environment
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - The purpose of this research is to make a comparative assessment of People Credit Funds (PCFs) ranking in Vietnam between the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN dated December 20, 2016 with the Decision No. 14/2007/QD-NHNN dated 09/4/2007 issued by the Governor of the State Bank. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is mainly based on the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN dated December 20, 2016 and the Decision No. 14/2007/QD-NHNN dated 09/4/2007 issued by the Governor of the State Bank on PCFs ranking. Results - The study paper has shown positive changes in PCFs ranking in Vietnam in accordance with the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN, such as increasing Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), maintaining CAR, improving assets quality, developing indicators of governance, management and control capability. These changes have implications for the development and efficient performance of PCFs in Vietnam. Conclusions - The classification and evaluation of PCFs will contribute to its healthy development. These finding support PCFs to understand more about rating methodology, significance of rating system and the importance of improving their rating. PCFs in Vietnam desire to develop their business effectively, they need to understand exactly and comply fully with regulations related to their field of operations.

A Model for Effective Customer Classification Using LTV and Churn Probability : Application of Holistic Profit Method (고객의 이탈 가능성과 LTV를 이용한 고객등급화 모형개발에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, HoonYoung;Yang, JooHwan;Ryu, Chi Hun
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.109-126
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    • 2006
  • An effective customer classification has been essential for the successful customer relationship management. The typical customer rating is carried out by the proportionally allocating the customers into classes in terms of their life time values. However, since this method does not accurately reflect the homogeneity within a class along with the heterogeneity between classes, there would be many problems incurred due to the misclassification. This paper suggests a new method of rating customer using Holistic profit technique, and validates the new method using the customer data provided by an insurance company. Holistic profit is one of the methods used for deciding the cutoff score in screening the loan application. By rating customers using the proposed techniques, insurance companies could effectively perform customer relationship management and diverse marketing activities.

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Sentiment Analysis and Star Rating Prediction Based on Big Data Analysis of Online Reviews of Foreign Tourists Visiting Korea (방한 관광객의 온라인 리뷰에 대한 빅데이터 분석 기반의 감성분석 및 평점 예측모형)

  • Hong, Taeho
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.187-201
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    • 2022
  • Online reviews written by tourists provide important information for the management and operation of the tourism industry. The star rating of online reviews is a simple quantitative evaluation of a product or service, but it is difficult to reflect the sincere attitude of tourists. There is also an issue; the star rating and review content are not matched. In this study, a star rating prediction model based on online review content was proposed to solve the discrepancy problem. We compared the differences in star ratings and sentiment by continent through sentiment analysis on tourist attractions and hotels written by foreign tourists who visited Korea. Variables were selected through TF-IDF vectorization and sentiment analysis results. Logit, artificial neural network, and SVM(Support Vector Machine) were used for the classification model, and artificial neural network and SVR(Support Vector regression) were applied for the rating prediction model. The online review rating prediction model proposed in this study could solve inconsistency problems and also could be applied even if when there is no star rating.

A Study of Age Rating Criteria for Outdoor Augmented Reality Game (실외형 증강현실 게임의 등급분류기준에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Ju-young;Lee, Hwan-soo
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.14 no.10
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    • pp.439-447
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    • 2016
  • Interest in Augmented Reality (AR) game $Pok{\acute{e}}mon$ GO is getting heightened. However, based on its characteristic, various direct and indirect problems are highlighted, thus increasing concerns. Although the game is not formally released domestically, there are limits in national game classification to apply on such outdoor Augmented Reality game. This paper will examine the problematic cases regarding Pokemon GO and analyze internal and external game classification system to discuss safe gaming measures for domestic users. In result of examining cases, need for adding 'physical danger' in current game classification system for user's safety was shown. As the government's game regulation is being eased, appearance of a variety of games using Augmented Reality technology in near future is predicable. Therefore it is important to prepare improvement of game classification system as a pre-safety measure, and it is expected to bring positive effect on game usage and industrial growth through safe game usage.

The Measures of Agreement between the Classification Standard of BMI and that of CDRS in Women university students (여자대학생의 BMI와 신체상평정척도(CDRS) 분류기준에 대한 일치도 검정)

  • Nam, Duck-Hyun
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.519-527
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    • 2016
  • This research aims at investigating the measures of agreement between BMI classification standard and that of 9-point contour drawing rating scale(CDRS), verifying their usefulness for the application to the filed, examining university students' substantial understanding of their bodies, and offering correct information regarding the distorted recognition of their bodies. In order to examine the measures of agreement between the classification standard of BMI and that of CDRS, and the women university students' recognition of their body images depending on BMI, Cross tabulation was carried out, and ${\chi}^2$, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and kappa statistics were calculated. As the analysis results, the classification standards of CDRS and BMI judged by general female college students showed statistically the correlation was high with ${\rho}=.719$(p<.001) and an average level of confirmity with ${\kappa}=.506$(p<.001). Based on these results, regarding body shape, sizes and shapes according to racial characteristics need to be controlled later.

Ensemble Learning with Support Vector Machines for Bond Rating (회사채 신용등급 예측을 위한 SVM 앙상블학습)

  • Kim, Myoung-Jong
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.29-45
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    • 2012
  • Bond rating is regarded as an important event for measuring financial risk of companies and for determining the investment returns of investors. As a result, it has been a popular research topic for researchers to predict companies' credit ratings by applying statistical and machine learning techniques. The statistical techniques, including multiple regression, multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), logistic models (LOGIT), and probit analysis, have been traditionally used in bond rating. However, one major drawback is that it should be based on strict assumptions. Such strict assumptions include linearity, normality, independence among predictor variables and pre-existing functional forms relating the criterion variablesand the predictor variables. Those strict assumptions of traditional statistics have limited their application to the real world. Machine learning techniques also used in bond rating prediction models include decision trees (DT), neural networks (NN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Especially, SVM is recognized as a new and promising classification and regression analysis method. SVM learns a separating hyperplane that can maximize the margin between two categories. SVM is simple enough to be analyzed mathematical, and leads to high performance in practical applications. SVM implements the structuralrisk minimization principle and searches to minimize an upper bound of the generalization error. In addition, the solution of SVM may be a global optimum and thus, overfitting is unlikely to occur with SVM. In addition, SVM does not require too many data sample for training since it builds prediction models by only using some representative sample near the boundaries called support vectors. A number of experimental researches have indicated that SVM has been successfully applied in a variety of pattern recognition fields. However, there are three major drawbacks that can be potential causes for degrading SVM's performance. First, SVM is originally proposed for solving binary-class classification problems. Methods for combining SVMs for multi-class classification such as One-Against-One, One-Against-All have been proposed, but they do not improve the performance in multi-class classification problem as much as SVM for binary-class classification. Second, approximation algorithms (e.g. decomposition methods, sequential minimal optimization algorithm) could be used for effective multi-class computation to reduce computation time, but it could deteriorate classification performance. Third, the difficulty in multi-class prediction problems is in data imbalance problem that can occur when the number of instances in one class greatly outnumbers the number of instances in the other class. Such data sets often cause a default classifier to be built due to skewed boundary and thus the reduction in the classification accuracy of such a classifier. SVM ensemble learning is one of machine learning methods to cope with the above drawbacks. Ensemble learning is a method for improving the performance of classification and prediction algorithms. AdaBoost is one of the widely used ensemble learning techniques. It constructs a composite classifier by sequentially training classifiers while increasing weight on the misclassified observations through iterations. The observations that are incorrectly predicted by previous classifiers are chosen more often than examples that are correctly predicted. Thus Boosting attempts to produce new classifiers that are better able to predict examples for which the current ensemble's performance is poor. In this way, it can reinforce the training of the misclassified observations of the minority class. This paper proposes a multiclass Geometric Mean-based Boosting (MGM-Boost) to resolve multiclass prediction problem. Since MGM-Boost introduces the notion of geometric mean into AdaBoost, it can perform learning process considering the geometric mean-based accuracy and errors of multiclass. This study applies MGM-Boost to the real-world bond rating case for Korean companies to examine the feasibility of MGM-Boost. 10-fold cross validations for threetimes with different random seeds are performed in order to ensure that the comparison among three different classifiers does not happen by chance. For each of 10-fold cross validation, the entire data set is first partitioned into tenequal-sized sets, and then each set is in turn used as the test set while the classifier trains on the other nine sets. That is, cross-validated folds have been tested independently of each algorithm. Through these steps, we have obtained the results for classifiers on each of the 30 experiments. In the comparison of arithmetic mean-based prediction accuracy between individual classifiers, MGM-Boost (52.95%) shows higher prediction accuracy than both AdaBoost (51.69%) and SVM (49.47%). MGM-Boost (28.12%) also shows the higher prediction accuracy than AdaBoost (24.65%) and SVM (15.42%)in terms of geometric mean-based prediction accuracy. T-test is used to examine whether the performance of each classifiers for 30 folds is significantly different. The results indicate that performance of MGM-Boost is significantly different from AdaBoost and SVM classifiers at 1% level. These results mean that MGM-Boost can provide robust and stable solutions to multi-classproblems such as bond rating.

The Effect of Motor Ability in Children with Cerebral Palsy on Mastery Motivation (뇌성마비 아동의 신체기능이 완수동기에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Na-Jung;Oh, Tae-Young
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.315-323
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of motor ability on mastery motivation in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Sixty children with cerebral palsy (5~12 years) and their parents participated in the study. Data on general characteristics and disability condition, Gross Motor Functional Classification System, Manual Ability Classification System, and The Dimensions of Mastery questionnaire were collected for this study. Independent t-test, and ANOVA were used for analysis of the effect of The Dimensions of Mastery questionnaire according to general and disability condition, Gross Motor Functional Classification System, and Manual Ability Classification System. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of Gross Motor Functional Classification System and Manual Ability Classification System on The Dimensions of Mastery questionnaire. SPSS win. 22.0 was used and Tukey was used for post hoc analysis, level of statistical significance was less than 0.05. Results: The Dimensions of Mastery questionnaire score showed statistically significant difference according to gender, region, type, disability rating, Gross Motor Functional Classification System, and Manual Ability Classification System (p<0.05). Gross Motor Functional Classification System and Manual Ability Classification System were the effect factor on The Dimensions of Mastery questionnaire significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that motor ability of children with cerebral palsy was an important factor having an effect on The Dimensions of Mastery questionnaire.

동시에 발생하는 사무작업 사이의 간섭정도에 관한 연구

  • 김성환;정의승
    • Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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    • 1995.10a
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    • pp.18-26
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    • 1995
  • To quantify a mental workload for office workers, nine element tasks were classified for office work. There were oral comprehension, written comprehension, oral expression, written expression, calculation, memorization, thinking, and classification materials. Among nine element tasks, oral comprehension, written comprehension, written expression, and thinking were selected and the degrees of conflicts between concurrently performed element tasks were measured and analyzed through the experiment. The measures were performance and subjective rating. The results were as follows. The written comprehension- written expression pair was showed the highest conflict value in terms of performance and subjective rating. The written comprehension-thinking pair was the lowest conflict value in terms of performance, while the oral comprehension-thinking pair was the lowest condlict value in terms of performance, while the oral comprehension- written expression pair was the lowest conflict value in terms of subjective rating. The findings are expected to be used for assessing workload for the office work.

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