• Title/Summary/Keyword: Rating

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Evaluation of Gender Effect in Various Pliers' Grip Spans for Maximum Isometric Grasping Tasks

  • Kong, Yong-Ku;Kim, Dae-Min;Park, Ji-Soo;Lee, Sung-Yong;Choi, Kyeong-Hee;Kim, Kyung Ran
    • Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.553-563
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    • 2014
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gender (male, female) and grip spans (45, 50, 60, 70, 80mm) on total grip strength, resultant force, finger force and subjective discomfort rating. Background: In order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, studies of hand tools need to be preceded based on grip strength, finger force, and subjective discomfort rating. However, experimental apparatus using tools such as pliers that reflect the actual work place was almost non-existent. Method: Fifty-Two (26 males and 26 females) participants were recruited from the student population. In this study, a pair of revised pliers, which can change grip span from 45 to 80mm was applied to estimate total grip strength, resultant force and individual finger forces. All participants were asked to exert a maximum grip force with three repetitions, and to report the subjective discomfort rating for five grip spans of pliers (45, 50, 60, 70, 80mm). Results: There were significant differences of total grip strength, resultant force, individual finger forces and subjective discomfort rating according to grip span. The lowest total grip strength was obtained from the grip span of 80mm for both genders. For resultant force, the highest resultant force was exerted at grip spans of 50, 60 and 70mm for females and 50 and 60mm for males. The lowest subjective discomfort rating was observed in the 50mm for both genders. Conclusion: Based on the result, 50mm and 60mm grip spans which provide the highest force and lowest discomfort rating might be recommendable for the male and female pliers users. Application: The findings of this study can provide guidelines on designing a hand tool to help to reduce hand-related musculoskeletal disorders and obtain better performance.

A Study of Rating Method Comparison for Heavy-weight Floor Impact Sound based on the Field Test Data in Apartment Houses (공동주택 중량바닥충격음 현장측정을 통한 차단성능 평가방법의 비교검토 연구)

  • Shin, Hoon;Back, Geon Jong;Kook, Chan;Song, Min Jeon;Kim, Sun Woo
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.187-194
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    • 2010
  • Heavy-weight floor impact sound insulation performance criteria have been effective in Korea since the regulation which enforces the standard thickness of slabs in domestic apartment houses should be constructed by 180mm or 210mm was adopted. But every slab does not satisfy this criteria. So, review on existing floor impact sound insulation performance is needed to propose some basic materials for the revision of rating method. To achieve this goal, 63 field test data were checked and analyzed. The results of this study are as follows ; 1) The 210mm thickness slab has the characteristics of deeper level decrease above 120Hz frequency band than that of 180mm thickness slab's. 2) 27.5% of 180mm thickness slabs were satisfied the floor impact sound insulation performance criteria, whereas 65% of 210mm slabs do. 3) Among the main contribution frequency bands for the determination of single rating index, 63Hz was shown as the most contributive band in 210mm slabs. 4) In comparison of single rating index between bang machine test and ball test. there is a big difference between the two and this phenomenon is frequent in 210mm slab results. 5) Rating Methods for the analysis of cross-correlation between the amount of rating, the usefulness of the arithmetic mean could be secured.

Executive Excess Compensation and Credit Rating (경영자 초과보상과 신용등급)

  • Kim, Ji Hye
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.585-592
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between executive excesss compensation and credit rating. According to the prior research which show the negative effects of excess compensation on a firm's future performance, this paper expects the negative effect of excess compensation on credit rating. Using a sample of Korean listed non-financial firms from 2014 to 2019, I perform the multivariate regressions analysis of excess compensation on credit rating. I find that excess compensation is negatively related to credit rating when executive compensation exceed expected executive compensation. Moreover, I find that the result is constant when a fim belongs to small-medium business. These results show that credit rating is affected by executive excess compensation and the relation could be different by the type of firm's size. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature by suggesting the possibility that capital market is aware of negative effect of executive excess compensation.

A Study on the Revision of Domestic Pilot Jet Type Rating (국내 조종사 제트 형식한정 개정에 관한 연구)

  • Sung-yeob Kim;Jihun Choi;Myeong-sik, Lee;Hyeon-deok, Kim
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.534-539
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    • 2023
  • Currently, in Korea, to obtain a jet type rating, you must receive training on a small business jet model. The reason is because of the law in the Aviation Safety Act Enforcement Rules 『Appendix 4』 that states, "You must receive at least 2 hours of flight training." In the end, it is acquiring type rating as a small business jet aircraft with relatively low operating costs. The qualifications acquired in this way are different from those for aircraft operated by airlines. However, if you have an initial jet type rating, you can acquire an airline aircraft qualification just by training on a simulator, so airlines want you to have at least a small-jet type rating. However, in the United States and Australia, there is a system in place to acquire initial jet type rating through simulator training without actual flight training.

Corporate Bond Rating Using Various Multiclass Support Vector Machines (다양한 다분류 SVM을 적용한 기업채권평가)

  • Ahn, Hyun-Chul;Kim, Kyoung-Jae
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.157-178
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    • 2009
  • Corporate credit rating is a very important factor in the market for corporate debt. Information concerning corporate operations is often disseminated to market participants through the changes in credit ratings that are published by professional rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's (S&P) and Moody's Investor Service. Since these agencies generally require a large fee for the service, and the periodically provided ratings sometimes do not reflect the default risk of the company at the time, it may be advantageous for bond-market participants to be able to classify credit ratings before the agencies actually publish them. As a result, it is very important for companies (especially, financial companies) to develop a proper model of credit rating. From a technical perspective, the credit rating constitutes a typical, multiclass, classification problem because rating agencies generally have ten or more categories of ratings. For example, S&P's ratings range from AAA for the highest-quality bonds to D for the lowest-quality bonds. The professional rating agencies emphasize the importance of analysts' subjective judgments in the determination of credit ratings. However, in practice, a mathematical model that uses the financial variables of companies plays an important role in determining credit ratings, since it is convenient to apply and cost efficient. These financial variables include the ratios that represent a company's leverage status, liquidity status, and profitability status. Several statistical and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been applied as tools for predicting credit ratings. Among them, artificial neural networks are most prevalent in the area of finance because of their broad applicability to many business problems and their preeminent ability to adapt. However, artificial neural networks also have many defects, including the difficulty in determining the values of the control parameters and the number of processing elements in the layer as well as the risk of over-fitting. Of late, because of their robustness and high accuracy, support vector machines (SVMs) have become popular as a solution for problems with generating accurate prediction. An SVM's solution may be globally optimal because SVMs seek to minimize structural risk. On the other hand, artificial neural network models may tend to find locally optimal solutions because they seek to minimize empirical risk. In addition, no parameters need to be tuned in SVMs, barring the upper bound for non-separable cases in linear SVMs. Since SVMs were originally devised for binary classification, however they are not intrinsically geared for multiclass classifications as in credit ratings. Thus, researchers have tried to extend the original SVM to multiclass classification. Hitherto, a variety of techniques to extend standard SVMs to multiclass SVMs (MSVMs) has been proposed in the literature Only a few types of MSVM are, however, tested using prior studies that apply MSVMs to credit ratings studies. In this study, we examined six different techniques of MSVMs: (1) One-Against-One, (2) One-Against-AIL (3) DAGSVM, (4) ECOC, (5) Method of Weston and Watkins, and (6) Method of Crammer and Singer. In addition, we examined the prediction accuracy of some modified version of conventional MSVM techniques. To find the most appropriate technique of MSVMs for corporate bond rating, we applied all the techniques of MSVMs to a real-world case of credit rating in Korea. The best application is in corporate bond rating, which is the most frequently studied area of credit rating for specific debt issues or other financial obligations. For our study the research data were collected from National Information and Credit Evaluation, Inc., a major bond-rating company in Korea. The data set is comprised of the bond-ratings for the year 2002 and various financial variables for 1,295 companies from the manufacturing industry in Korea. We compared the results of these techniques with one another, and with those of traditional methods for credit ratings, such as multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), multinomial logistic regression (MLOGIT), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). As a result, we found that DAGSVM with an ordered list was the best approach for the prediction of bond rating. In addition, we found that the modified version of ECOC approach can yield higher prediction accuracy for the cases showing clear patterns.

A Study on Correlation Analysis between TCB Evaluation Indicator and Technology Rating (기술신용평가기관(TCB) 효율성 제고 및 기업기술력 강화를 위한 평가지표간 상관관계 분석연구)

  • Son, Seokhyun;Kim, Jaeyoung;Kim, Jaechun
    • Journal of Technology Innovation
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2017
  • In 2014, the Financial Services Commission designated the Tech Credit Bureaus(TCB) to issue technical credit evaluation reports. The Five credit rating agencies, KEB Hana Bank and others have issued the technical credit reports since the summer in 2014. Meanwhile, the technology evaluation model of KEB Hana Bank consists of 25 detailed evaluation items. These item classes are weighted and the technology rating is systematically. The technology rating is combined with the credit rating to calculate the technology-credit rating. In this paper, we analyzed the 406 evaluation results issued by KEB Hana Bank. Based on the number of years of work experience, company managerial years, technical personnel score, the possession of R&D department, the amount of R&D investment, the number of certifications, and the number of patents, the Correlation between the above items and the technical grade was analyzed. It was found that quantitative indicators such as the presence of R&D department, patent numbers, and R&D investment expenses had a significant effect on the company's technology grade, and in particular, the presence of R&D department was shown a high correlation with the technology rating.

Relationship of earnings and credit rating before and after IFRS (IFRS 전후 이익조정과 신용평가등급의 관계)

  • An, Kyung-Su;Kim, Kwang-Yong
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.12 no.11
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    • pp.99-112
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    • 2014
  • This study the impact on the real earnings management credit rating (RANK), and looked at the impact on the real earnings management grade credit rating changes (decrease, increase) the effects in detail. firm for a total of 06 years for firm that are listed on the Korea Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2013 for the hypothesis - using the proceeds of the year 2,583 sample were analyzed to study. A regression analysis of the relevance of the credit rating (RANK) and real earnings measured results between the credit rating and a measure of real earnings management ACFO and ADE (+) between AMC (-) IFRS and receive relevant ADE between(+) between AMC (-) if the credit rating (RANK) is increased ACFO and is significantly sound level at 1% showed the relevance of (+) did not significantly ADE (+) 10% of AMC if the credit rating fell ACFO is (-) from AMC show the relevance of positive credit rating is dropped capital letter showed for performing real earnings management of positive even give up the future cash flow in order to reduce the cost.

Problems and Improvement of Game Rating System - Focused on IARC member Countries (게임물 등급 제도의 문제점과 개선방안 모색 - IARC 가입국을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Dae-wook
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.321-327
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    • 2019
  • This study aims to investigate the transition of the game rating system in Korea and to search for problems and improvement measures in the era of IARC game grade review. IARC(International Age Rating Coalition) is an International Classification Alliance, with 37 member organizations from 6 countries. In addition, IARC grants participating store-fronts autonomy to review game ratings. The method of deliberating games in Korea is proceeding with direct review by rating system and deliberation by IARC's own classification system. The problem of the rating system of the game is that the civilian becomes the subject, it relies on the questionnaire, and its side effects are caused by its own classification system. IARC guidelines can be developed to improve the game rating system, education on penalties and ratings for game developers, and management of participating front-stores. In conclusion, it may be dangerous to delegate rating authority to open market, and it is necessary to construct a discussion forum for ratings, including government and industry, game developers, users, and parents of under-age gamers. It is necessary to create a rating system for the game environment in Korea.

Meaning of Rating Beyond Recommendation: Explorative Study on the Meaning and Usage of Content Evaluation Based on the User Experience Stages of Personalized Recommender Service (평점의 의미: 개인화 추천 서비스에서 사용자 경험단계에 따른 콘텐츠 평가의 의미와 활용에 대한 탐색적 연구)

  • Hyundong Kim;Hae-jeong Hwang;Kieun Park;Mingu Kang;Jeonghun Kim;Inseong Lee;Jinwoo Kim
    • Information Systems Review
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.155-183
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    • 2016
  • Research on personalized recommender service that uses big data has gained considerable attention given the increasing volume of contents being created. This development indicates the need for service providers to collect personal information and content rating data to personalize content recommendations. Previous studies on this topic proposed algorithms to offer improved recommendations using minimal rating data or service designs and increase the number of ratings. However, limited studies have been conducted on the factors that motivate the ratings input of users, as well as the factors that influence their continuous usage of recommender service. The present study explored the factors that motivate users to enter ratings by conducting in-depth interviews with users who use recommender services. The meanings of these ratings were also explored. Results show that the meaning and usage range of ratings differed based on the stage of a user's with utilization of the service. When users input an initial rating, they treat such a rating as a database to save the impression of a past experience. Such a rating is then used as a tool to reflect the current feeling and thoughts of a user. In the end, users were not only interested in their own rating system, but they also actively sought out the meaning of the rating systems of others and utilized them. Users also expressed mistrust in the recommendations of the service because they were aware of the limitation of the algorithms. This study identified a number of practical implications regarding recommender services.

Assessment of rock slope stability by slope mass rating (SMR): A case study for the gas flare site in Assalouyeh, South of Iran

  • Azarafza, Mohammad;Akgun, Haluk;Asghari-Kaljahi, Ebrahim
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.571-584
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    • 2017
  • Slope mass rating (SMR) is commonly used for the geomechanical classification of rock masses in an attempt to evaluate the stability of slopes. SMR is calculated from the $RMR_{89-basic}$ (basic rock mass rating) and from the characteristic features of discontinuities, and may be applied to slope stability analysis as well as to slope support recommendations. This study attempts to utilize the SMR classification system for slope stability analysis and to investigate the engineering geological conditions of the slopes and the slope stability analysis of the Gas Flare site in phases 6, 7 and 8 of the South Pars Gas Complex in Assalouyeh, south of Iran. After studying a total of twelve slopes, the results of the SMR classification system indicated that three slope failure modes, namely, wedge, plane and mass failure were possible along the slopes. In addition, the stability analyses conducted by a number of computer programs indicated that three of the slopes were stable, three of the slopes were unstable and the remaining six slopes were categorized as 'needs attention'classes.