• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.149-161
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• 2006

The aims of this study are 1) to construct a database using geostatistics and Geographic Information System (GIS), and 2) to derive the spatial relationships between manganese nodule abundance and other geological factors such as metal grade, slope, water depth, topography, and acoustic characteristics of the sub-bottom. Using GIS, it is possible to analyze a large amount of data efficiently, and to maximize the practical application, to increase specialization, and to enhance the accuracy of the analyses. The greater the copper and nickel grade, the higher the rating. The distribution pattern of nickel grade is similar to that of copper grade. The slopes are generally less than $3^{\circ}$ except for seamounts and cliff areas. The rating shows no correlation with slope. The rating is highest for slopes between 2.5 and $3.5^{\circ}$ in block N1 and between 4.0 and $4.5^{\circ}$ in block N3. The topography is classified into five groups: seamount, hill crest, hill slant, hill base or plain, and seafloor basin or valley. The rating proves lowest for seamount and hill crest. Our results show that the rating increases with the water depth in the study area. Nodule abundance dose not show any significant relationship with the thickness of the upper transparent layer in the study area.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.579-596
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• 2015

Many studies have focused on the prediction of corporate credit rating using various data mining techniques. One of the most frequently used algorithms is support vector machines (SVM), and recently, novel techniques such as SVM+ and SVM+MTL have emerged. This paper intends to show the applicability of such new techniques to multi-classification and corporate credit rating and compare them with conventional SVM regarding prediction performance. We solve multi-class SVM+ and SVM+MTL problems by constructing several binary classifiers. Furthermore, to demonstrate the robustness and outstanding performance of SVM+MTL algorithm over other techniques, we utilized four typical multi-class processing methods in our experiments. The results show that SVM+MTL outperforms both conventional SVM and novel SVM+ in predicting corporate credit rating. This study contributes to the literature by showing the applicability of new techniques such as SVM+ and SVM+MTL and the outperformance of SVM+MTL over conventional techniques. Thus, this study enriches solving techniques for addressing multi-class problems such as corporate credit rating prediction.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.661-678
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• 2013

In this paper, a wireless sensing system for structural field evaluation and rating of bridges is presented. The system uses a wireless platform integrated with traditional analogue sensors including strain gages and accelerometers along with the operating software. A wireless vehicle position indicator is developed using a tri-axial accelerometer node that is mounted on the test vehicle, and was used for identifying the moving truck position during load testing. The developed software is capable of calculating the theoretical bridge rating factors based on AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Rating specifications, and automatically produces the field adjustment factor through load testing data. The sensing system along with its application in bridge deck rating was successfully demonstrated on the Evansville Bridge in West Virginia. A finite element model was conducted for the test bridge, and was used to calculate the load distribution factors of the bridge deck after verifying its results using field data. A confirmation field test was conducted on the same bridge and its results varied by only 3% from the first test. The proposed wireless sensing system proved to be a reliable tool that overcomes multiple drawbacks of conventional wired sensing platforms designed for structural load evaluation of bridges.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this report is to submit a case study on a patient of developmental disabilities with ADHD by taking "Sihogayonggolmoryeo-tang". Methods : We gave herbal medicine to a patient and observe the progress as the way of Cornners Abbreviated Rating Scale(CARS), ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS), The ADD-H Comprehensive Teacher's Rating Scale(ACTeRS), Child Attention Problem(CAP), IOWA Conners Rating Scale, Conners Teacher Rating Scale(CTRS), Conners Parents Rating Scale (CPRS), Home Situation Questionnaire(HSQ), School Situation Questionnaire(SSQ). Results : The total score of CARS, ACTeRS and other scales were decreased by taking herbal medicine, and especially hyperactive scores were significantly decreased. Conclusions : Patient's symptom was significantly improved by using "diagnostic system based on Shanghanlun six meridian patterns and provisions" and analyzing patient's psychological and physical conditions.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-109
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• 2010

The objectives of this study are to identify the survival function (hazard function) of small and medium enterprises by using technology rating data for the companies guaranteed by Korea Technology Finance Corporation (KOTEC), and to figure out the factors that affects their survival. To serve the purposes, this study uses Kaplan-Meier Analysis as a non-parametric method and Cox proportional hazards model as a semi-parametric one. The 17,396 guaranteed companies that assessed from July 1st in 2005 to December 31st in 2009 are selected as samples (16,504 censored data and 829 accident data). The survival time is computed with random censoring (Type III) from July in 2005 as a starting point. The results of the analysis show that Kaplan-Meier Analysis and Cox proportional hazards model are able to readily estimate survival and hazard function and to perform comparative study among group variables such as industry and technology rating level. In particular, Cox proportional hazards model is recognized that it is useful to understand which technology rating items are meaningful to company's survival and how much they affect it. It is considered that these results will provide valuable knowledge for practitioners to find and manage the significant items for survival of the guaranteed companies through future technology rating.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.53-58
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• 2009

Entering in the time of high oil price, seriousness of an energy effect sector has given a huge impact and the importance of energy is growing. Especially, building energy occupying 24% of total demand of energy can be expected to reduce energy demand more than other section. To do this, the Building Energy Rating System is applied and implemented in Apartment houses on Jeju, South and Central region. This system calculates into energy saving rate, and certifies the building energy rating. This study evaluates the energy saving rate and rating and compares the difference in energy savings considering to each region and the thermal performance of the window. In result, the standard of the assessment house which is applied to the build energy rating system is demanded to distinguish the thermal performance of window according to regional variation.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

The measuring apparatus such as heat meter is legally obliged to be installed and used for heat rating with heat or flow rate in residential buildings in Korea. There are two kinds of apparatus to measure heat consumed at each households, i.e., heat meter and hot water flowmeter. Contrast to the most of buildings with hot water flowmeter well being used for rating, heat meters have been used only 42.6% in the buildings with central heating system. But there is a critical problem in the course of using hot water flowmeter for heat rating, yielding distorted and unfair result which is different from the real value of heat supplied. Experiments with several parameters were carried out in this study to analyze this phenomenon quantively and alternative methods were proposed for rational heat rating.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

Entering in the time of high oil price, seriousness of an energy effect sector has given a huge impact and the importance of energy is growing. Especially, building energy occupying 24% of total demand of energy can be expected to reduce energy demand more than other section. To do this, the Building Energy Rating System is applied and implemented in Apartment houses on Jeju, South and Central region. This system calculates into energy saving rate, and certifies the building energy rating. This study evaluates the energy saving rate and rating and compares the difference in energy savings considering to each region and the thermal performance of the window. In result, the standard of the assessment house which is applied to the build energy rating system is demanded to distinguish the thermal performance of window according to regional variation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.81-110
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• 2011

Credit rating agencies(CRAs) are accused of failing to provide accurate and fair credit ratings and hence being responsible for the crisis. This paper tries to add on to the literature on credit rating reform through examining the CRAs in a model where rating quality is unobservable. We show that unobservability of rating effort results in the sub-optimal level of quality. Then the paper extends the model to incorporate ancillary services, competition and reputation. We show that ancillary services worsen the conflict of interests of the CRAs and that competition and reputation may not be strong enough to discipline the CRAs. Hence regulatory oversight and imposition of liability may be necessary in order to increase the accuracy of ratings.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2016

This study examines whether Korean rating agencies such as Korea Investors Service (KIS), National Information & Credit Evaluation (NICE), and Korea Ratings Corporation (KR), incorporate corporate governance into their corporate bond ratings in Korea. We find that the Korean rating agencies assign higher ratings to the bonds issued by Chaebol (Korean business group) affiliated firms. Our results also indicate that those rating agencies give higher ratings to the bonds with greater foreign investor share ownership. Moreover, if the rating agencies value corporate governance, higher rated firms should issue bonds at lower yield to maturity. We discover that Chaebol affiliation is counted favorably by the rating agencies. We find that investors are willing to pay lower risk premium for bonds with higher institutional ownership, but higher risk premium to bonds with greater equity ownership in the form of depository receipts. Therefore, even if the rating agencies and investors in Korea consider corporate governance (Chaebol affiliation and ownership structure) an important determinant in bond ratings and the yields to maturity, they have opposite views on institutional ownership and share ownership in the form of depository receipts.