• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.377-385
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• 2022

Most pruning branches of mulberry, Korean raspberry (bokbunja), and blueberries are discarded without use. These discarded pruning branches were utilized as feed in the investigation of the development and oviposition characteristics of Protaetia brevitarsis with a focus on breeding possibilities. It was observed that the developmental period of P. brevitarsis larvae fed with berry fermented sawdust from mulberry, bokbunja, and blueberry was shortened to 157.3 130.3 days, and 140 days, respectively, compared to 169.3 days for those fed with oak fermented sawdust. The weight and survival rate of the larvae also increased. Under all three types of fermented sawdust feed, the percentage of larvae with weight ≧ 2.5 g during the group was over 60% between 6-8 weeks after hatching; however under oak fermented sawdust feed, it was within 10%, and the percentage only increased after 10 weeks. The average number of eggs laid per female was ≧ 80, with an average oviposition period of approximately 9 weeks; however, there was no significant difference owing to the large deviation per individual. Furthermore, mixed fermented sawdust from the three berries enhanced the growth rate of larvae, and there was no difference in the number of eggs laid compared to those fed with control oak fermented sawdust. Our study demonstrates berry fermentation sawdust is just as effective as oak fermentation sawdust in the breeding of P. brevitarsis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.243-264
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• 2013

Antheraea mylitta Drury is a commercial silk producing forest insect in India and Xanthopimpla pedator Fabricius is its larval-pupal endoparasitoid, which causes pupal mortality that affects seed production. Effects of host plants, rearing season and their interactions on parasitic behaviour of X. pedator were studied here, as influence of these factors on biological success of X. pedator is not known. Seven forest tree species were tested as food plants for A. mylitta, and rate of pupal parasitization in both the rearing seasons were recorded and analysed. Results showed that rearing season and host plants significantly affected the rate of pupal parasitization in both the sexes. Pupal mortality was found significantly higher (14.52%) in second rearing season than the first (2.89%). Likewise, host plants and rearing seasons significantly affected length, diameter, and shell thickness of cocoons in both sexes. Out of all infested pupae, 85.59% were found male, which indicated that X. pedator chooses male spinning larva of A. mylitta for oviposition, but we could not answer satisfactorily the why and how aspect of this sex specific parasitic behaviour of X. pedator. Multiple regression analysis indicated that length and shell thickness of male cocoons are potential predictors for pupal parasitization rate of X. pedator. Based on highest cocoon productivity and lowest pupal mortality, Terminalia alata, T. tomentosa, and T. arjuna were found to be the most suitable host plants for forest based commercial rearing of A. mylitta in tropical forest areas of Uttarakhand state, where it has never been reared earlier. Sex and season specific interaction of X. pedator with its larval-pupal host, A. mylitta is a novel entomological study to find out explanations for some of the unresolved research questions on parasitic behaviour of X. predator that opens a new area for specialised study on male specific parasitization in Ichneumonidae.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of body weight of queen on the developmental characteristics of foundation queens in the Bombus ignitus collected in Korean locality. Queens were classified into six groups based on their body weight (i.e., 0.4 g, 0.5 g, 0.6 g, 0.7 g, 0.8 g and 0.9 g). The average weight of 200 foundation queens collected was 0.657${\times}40.095 g and 0.6 g-class was most abundant (38 %) among six weight classes. The queen that had the heavy body weight showed the trends of higher rate of oviposition, colony foundation and progeny-queen production and shorter periods of preoviposition and colony foundation, suggesting the positive correlation between the body weight of queen and colony developmental characteristics. Also, the numbers of worker and progeny-queen emerged from the queen with heavy body weight were slightly higher than those with light body weight queen.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.157-159
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• 2005

The number of winter buds oviposited by Drycosmus kuriphilus against chestnut varieties was lower of Ishizuchi and Daap than that of Okkwang, Tsukuba and Arima. D. kuriphilus oviposited multiful eggs in each winter bud of most of the chestnut varieties tested. More than three eggs were oviposited on winter bud of lower shoot of native, Tsukuba, Okkwang and Pyounggi varieties. However, average laid eggs less than one were on winter buds of Tshizuchi and Daap. Number of eggs oviposited in winter bud on lower shoot was higher than those on upper one. More than 15 eggs were oviposited in Tsukuba, whereas one or less egg was oviposited in Daap. Rates of winter buds oviposited by D. kuriphilus in native, Arima and Tsukuba were 83.8, 78.5, and $75.9\%$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 1976

Employing 7-15 resistant and 8-15 susceptible Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) trees to pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye) as samples, needle monoterpenes were analysed by GLC in January and June, and observation was made on the oviposition preference. Following results were obtained. 1. In January, the resistant trees showed higher contents of myrcene, limonene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene and terpinolene but lower contents of ${\alpha}$-and ${\beta}$-pinene and camphene compared to the susceptible trees. But in June, ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, limonene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene and terpinolene were higher and the content of ${\beta}$-pinene and myrcene were lower in the resistant trees than the susceptible trees. 2. The content of limonene was higher by the 6.8 percent and the content of ${\beta}$-pinene was lower by the 9.2 percent in the resistant trees than in the susceptible trees in June. 3. No preference for oviposition was found between resistant and susceptible trees. But in the resistant trees gall formation rate was quite lower than the susceptible trees. It was considered, therefore, that limonene and ${\beta}$-pinene content in the needle might be used as an indicator of the resistant Japanese black pine to the pine gall midge regardless of season.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 2017

Sunflower, selected as a trap plant that can be controlled by attracting Ricania spp. adults via attraction has the highest attractiveness during the preoviposition period. Considering the ecological characteristics of Ricania spp., adults are distinguished by the preoviposition and oviposition periods and the attractiveness of sunflower to Ricania spp. adults was 91.4~95.2% higher than that of blueberry during the preoviposition period. On August 20, when Ricania spp. adults entered the oviposition season, sunflower attractiveness was low at 9.8~11.6% owing to preference for tree species. Based on the result of the selection of systemic chemicals that could be used concomitantly with sunflower, all chemicals, except etofenprox, showed a high controlling effect of over 90%, and among them, dinotefuran showed the highest insecticidal rate of 95.8%. The systemic chemicals acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid persisted for 13 days (survey period). Therefore, the concomitant use of sunflower and systemic chemicals can reduce the density of Ricania spp. entering farmlands and their populations in surrounding habitats, which are expected to help in stabilizing the ecosystem.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 1997

The apple leafminer, Phyllonorycrer ringoniella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is the most important pest on apple leaves and is not easy to be controlled with insecticides because of leafmining habit of its larvae. This study was undertaken to develop an artificial diet for mass rearing of the moth, and to look at their reproductive behavior. For developing an artificial diet the problem of diet contamination with microorganisms and how to supply artificial diet to first instar larvae have to be solved first. Artificial oviposition trial was successful with shadowy bottomside of various papers sprayed with apple leaf extracts. The highest activity of both calling and mating was observed within 30 min. after the onset of photophase and 3- to 4-day -old adults showed the highest mating rate. A ring-shaped sex pheromone gland was found at the intersegmental membrane between the 8th and 9th abdominal segments of the female. (E, 2)-4,lOtetradecadienyl acetate was identified as the major component from the femall gland extracts by the gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. Additionally it was thought that (a-10-tetradecenyl acetate could be the second component of their sex pheromone.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2011

Temperature-related parameters of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) development were estimated and a stage-structured matrix model was developed. The lower threshold temperatures were estimated as $8.4^{\circ}C$ for eggs, $9.9^{\circ}C$ for larvae, $9.2^{\circ}C$ for protonymphs, and $10.9^{\circ}C$ for deutonymphs. Thermal constants were 113.6, 29.1, 29.8, and 33.4 degree days for eggs, larvae, protonymphs, and deutonymphs, respectively. Non-linear development models were established for each stage of P. citri. In addition, temperature-dependent total fecundity, age-specific oviposition rate, and age-specific survival rate models were developed for the construction of an oviposition model. P. citri age was categorized into five stages to construct a matrix model: eggs, larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs and adults. For the elements in the projection matrix, transition probabilities from an age class to the next age class or the probabilities of remaining in an age class were obtained from development rate function of each stage (age classes). Also, the fecundity coefficients of adult population were expressed as the products of adult longevity completion rate (1/longevity) by temperature-dependent total fecundity. To evaluate the predictability of the matrix model, model outputs were compared with actual field data in a cool early season and hot mid to late season in 2004. The model outputs closely matched the actual field patterns within 30 d after the model was run in both the early and mid to late seasons. Therefore, the developed matrix model can be used to estimate the population density of P. citri for a period of 30 d in citrus orchards.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2000

Wolbachia, vertically transmitted bacterial endosymbionts, is known to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, or feminization in some insect species. The Wolbachia found to exist symbiotically as a non-virulent form in Drosophila melanogaster, however popcorn is a lethal strain of Wolbachia, which causes tissue degeneration and early death of its adult host. Popcorn-infected flies showed the delayed duration of an egg and larvae, and their pupal period and life span reduced. The oviposition and egg-hatching rate of popcorn-infected flies were decreased 15% and 80%, respectiv~ly, compared to those of the normal Wolbachia-infected flies. The pupation and emergence rates of popcorn-infected flies were 67% and 65%, respectively. When popcorn-infected flies were crossed with Wolba-chia-infected flies, and vice versa, both crosses resulted in a significant reduction in egg production, egg¬hatching, pupation, and emergence rate, and their progeny revealed the popcorn syndrome. When popcorn-infected male flies were crossed with uninfected females, popcorn was not detected in their progeny. Popcorn also maternally transmitted in flies, but it did not induce CI and affected on its host life cycle as a virulence.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.149-159
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop an organic control method of tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) by using cooking oil and yolk mixture (COY). Mortality rate against B. tabaci nymph on paprika leaf was 94.5% by COY treatment and it was not significantly different from that by pyridaben treatment. Mortality rate against B. tabaci nymph on tomato leaf was 41.4% by COY treatment and it is lower than that by neem extract. But mortality rates of B. tabaci adult by COY and neem extract were no significant differences. Oviposition of B. tabaci were decrease respectively 75.8% and 52.7% by COY on paprika and tomato leaves. In paprika and tomato greenhouses, damaged by B. tabaci, COY was sprayed twice and resulted in respectively 100% and 38% control values.