• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.179-190
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• 2004

Present private infrastructure investment in SOC investment has increased up to $11\%$ compared to the year 2003 and it is expected to increase in the future. In spite of its rapid increasement we don't have definite standard or system on distinctly presented rate of return for domestic private infrastructure investment yet, and practical and scientific research is not sufficient, compared to its necessity and importance. Hence, in this study we tried to build theories systematically, which are related to rate of return of private infrastructure investment to promote SOC private infrastructure investment to last successfully and present the proper level of rate of return of private infrastructure we investment appropriate in domestic situations through diverse analysis. Therefore, to present reasonable rate of return, we used 5 methods: existing research analysis, case study, financial index analysis, analysis of investors rate of return, and analysis of rate of return in a real estate market. After comparing and analyzing these methods, Ive presented in the end the appropriate level of rate of return of private infrastructure investment, which can be applied in a domestic market.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.469-491
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• 2016

In this paper, we estimate the exchange rate exposure, indicating the effect of exchange rate movements on firm values, for a sample of 1,400 firms in seven East Asian countries. The exposure estimates based on various exchange rate variables, return horizons and a control variable are compared. A key result from our analysis is that the long term effect of exchange rate movements on firm values is greater than the short term effect. And we find very similar results from using other exchange rate variables such as the U.S. dollar exchange rate, etc. Second, we add exchange rate volatility as a control variable and find that the extent of exposure is not much changed. Third, we examine the changes in exposure to exchange rate volatility with an increase in return horizon. Consequently the ratio of firms with significant exposures increases with the return horizons. Interestingly, the increase of exposure with the return horizons is faster for exposure to volatility than for exposure to exchange rate itself. Taken as a whole, our findings suggest that the socalled "exposure puzzle" may be a matter of the methodology used to measure exposure.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.179-211
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• 1996

This study examines whether trading mechanisms or market microstructures of markets have an effect on the integration issue of the international equity market. If the international equity market is integrated, identical stocks listed on different international stock exchanges should have the same rates of return, the same characteristics of stock price behavior and similar distributions of return. If different market microstructures, or trading mechanisms cause differences in characteristics of stock price behavior, those can lead to different rates of return because of different liquidity risk for the same stocks between markets. This study proposes international asset pricing with liquidity risk related to trading mechanisms. Systematic risk by itself cannot predict the sign of expected rate of return difference for the same stocks between international markets. Liquidity risk factors related to market microstructure provide explanations for the sign of rate of return differences between markets, However, liquidity risk factors related to market microstructure do not have a significant effect on the rate of return differences and sensitivity of return differences between markets, Trading mechanisms or market microstructures might not have a significant effect on the interpretation of the international equity market integration studies, if trading volume or other factors are controlled.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.9-14
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• 2002

A capital investment problem is essentially one of determining whether the anticipated cash inflows from a proposed project are sufficiently attractive to invest funds in the project. The net present value(NPV) criterion and internal rate of return(IRR) criterion are widely used as means of making investment decisions. A positive NPV means the equivalent worth of the inflows is greater than the equivalent worth of outflows, so, the project makes profit. Business people are familiar with rates of return because they all borrow money to finance ventures, even if the money they borrow is their own. Thus they are apt to use the IRR in preference to the NPV. The IRR can be defined as the discount rate that causes the net present value of a cash flow to equal zero. Why the project are accepted if the project's IRR is greater than the investor's minimum attractive rate of return\ulcorner Against the NPV, the definition cannot distinctly explain the concept of the IRR as decision criterion. We present a new definition of the IRR as the ratio of profit on the invested capital.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.167-173
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• 2022

Investors must adopt profitable investment opportunities to maximize their wealth. Almost all investment, finance, engineering economics textbooks explain that net present value (NPV) measures the profitability (or value) of investment opportunities in absolute size, and internal rate of return (IRR) measures the profitability of investment opportunities in relative proportions. However, NPV is a measure of the relative size of the return on investment opportunity to do-nothing alternative. Moreover, IRR can occur in multiple investment opportunities and may not exist. To make matters worse, IRR and NPV also have conflicting problems in accept-or-reject decisions. In this study, the reason why NPV and IRR cannot accurately measure the profitability of investment opportunities is identified, and fundamental characteristics that investment opportunity profitability measures should have are presented.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.535-545
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• 2013

The goal of stock investment is earning high rate or return with stability. To accomplish this goal, using a portfolio that distributes stocks with high rate of return with less variability and a stock price prediction model with high accuracy is required. In this paper, three methods are suggested to require these conditions. First of all, in portfolio re-balance part, Max-Return and Min-Risk (MRMR) model is suggested to earn the largest rate of return with stability. Secondly, Entering/Leaving Rule (E/L) is suggested to upgrade portfolio when particular stock's rate of return is low. Finally, to use outstanding stock price prediction model, a model based on Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) which was suggested in last research was applied. The suggested methods were validated and applied on stocks which are listed in KOSPI200 from January 2007 to August 2008.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2021

Irrigation return flow is defined as the excess of irrigation water that is not evapotranspirated by direct surface drainage, and which returns to an aquifer. It is important to quantitatively estimate the irrigation return flow of the water cycle in an agricultural watershed. However, the previous studies on irrigation return flow rates are limitations in quantifying the return flow rate by region. Therefore, simulating irrigation return flow by accounting for various water loss rates derived from agricultural practices is necessary while the hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of cultivated canal-irrigated watersheds. In this study, the irrigation return flow rate of agricultural water, especially for the entire agricultural watershed, was estimated using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) module from 2010 to 2019 for the Madun reservoir located in Anseong, Gyeonggi-do. The results of SWMM simulation and water balance analysis estimated irrigation return flow rate. The estimated average annual irrigation return flow ratio during the period from 2010 to 2019 was approximately 55.3% of the annual irrigation amounts of which 35.9% was rapid return flow and 19.4% was delayed return flow. Based on these results, the hydrologic and hydraulic modeling approach can provide a valuable approach for estimating the irrigation return flow under different hydrological and water management conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 1986

The minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) has been used for many years as a decision criterion in engineering economic analysis. Typically, inflation has been either ignored in such studies or considered by adjusting each of the individual cash flows associated with a project for inflation, frequently a lengthy process. This research investigates a new decision criterion for economic analysis, the comparative rate of return (CRR). The CRR is defined to be the minimum rate of return earned on uninflated cash flows of proposed expenditures is simplified, since the analysis can be performed on the uninflated cash flows. The research presents a derivation of the CRR and investigates its relationships to the MARR, inflation rate project cash flows and project life.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.45-53
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• 2020

Past literatures have not studied the impact of real-world events or information on the return and volatility of virtual currencies, particularly on the COVID-19 event, day-of-the-week effect, daily high-low price spreads and information flow rate. The study uses the ARMA-GARCH model to capture Bitcoin's return and conditional volatility, and explores the impact of information flow rate on conditional volatility in the Bitcoin market based on the Mixture Distribution Hypothesis (Clark, 1973). There were 3,064 samples collected during the period from 1^st of January 2012 to 20^th April, 2020. Empirical results show that in the Bitcoin market, a daily high-low price spread has a significant inverse relationship for daily return, and information flow rate has a significant positive relationship for condition volatility. The study supports a significant negative relationship between information asymmetry and daily return, and there is a significant positive relationship between daily trading volume and condition volatility. When Bitcoin trades on Saturday & Sunday, there is a significant reverse relationship for conditional volatility and there exists a day-of-the-week volatility effect. Under the impact of COVID-19 event, Bitcoin's condition volatility has increased significantly, indicating the risk of price changes. Finally, the Bitcoin's return has no impact on COVID-19 events and holidays (Saturday & Sunday).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

This study proposed a simple estimation method for irrigation return flow from paddy fields using the water balance model. The merit of this method is applicability to other paddy fields irrigated from agricultural reservoirs due to the simplicity compared with the previous monitoring based estimation method. It was assumed that the unused amount of irrigation water was the return flow which included the quick and delayed return flows. The amount of irrigation supply from a reservoir was estimated from the reservoir water balance with the storage rate and runoff model. It was also assumed that the infiltration was the main source of the delayed return flow and that the other delayed return flow was neglected. In this study, the amount of reservoir inflow and water demand from paddy field are calculated on a daily basis, and irrigation supply was calculated on 10-day basis, taking into account the uncertainty of the model and the reliability of the data. The regression rate was calculated on a yearly basis, and yearly data was computed by accumulating daily and 10-day data, considering that the recirculating water circulation cycle was relatively long. The proposed method was applied to the paddy blocks of the Jamhong and Seosan agricultural reservoirs and the results were acceptable.