• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.175-185
• /
• 2005

The scheduling methods of the distributed real-time systems have been proposed. However, they have some weak points. They did not schedule both sporadic and periodic tasks and messages at the same time or did not consider the end-to-end constraints such as precedence relations between sporadic tasks. This means that system scheduling must guarantee the constraints of practical systems and be applicable to them. This paper proposes a new scheduling method that can be applied to more practical model of distributed real-time systems. System model consists of sporadic and periodic tasks with precedence relations and sporadic and periodic messages and has end-to-end constraints. The proposed method is based on a binary search-based period assignment algorithm, an end-to-end laxity-based priority assignment algorithm, and three kinds of schedulability analysis, node, network, and end-to-end schedulability analysis. In addition, this paper describes the application model of sporadic tasks with precedence constraints in a distributed real-time system, shows that existing scheduling methods such as Rate Monotonic scheduling are not proper to be applied to the system having sporadic tasks with precedence constraints, and proposes an end-to-end laxity-based priority assignment algorithm.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제8권7호
• /
• pp.2350-2364
• /
• 2014

This paper addresses the problem of resource allocation in amplify-and-forward (AF) relayed OFDM based cognitive radio networks (CRNs). The purpose of resource allocation is to maximize the overall throughput, while satisfying the constraints on the individual power and the interference induced to the primary users (PUs). Additionally, different from the conventional resource allocation problem, the rate-guarantee constraints of the subcarriers are considered. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer programming task and adopt the dual decomposition technique to obtain an asymptotically optimal power allocation, subcarrier pairing and relay selection. Moreover, we further design a suboptimal algorithm that sacrifices little on performance but could significantly reduce computational complexity. Numerical simulation results confirm the optimality of the proposed algorithms and demonstrate the impact of the different constraints.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.1441-1452
• /
• 2015

This paper proposes a new Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) method that integrates the Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) techniques. The proposed method is applied to solve Economic Dispatch(ED) problems considering prohibited operating zones, ramp rate limits, capacity limits and power balance constraints. In the proposed HPSO method, the best features of both EP and PSO are exploited, and it is capable of finding the most optimal solution for the non-linear optimization problems. For validating the proposed method, it has been tested on the standard three, six, fifteen and twenty unit test systems. The numerical results show that the proposed HPSO method is well suitable for solving non-linear economic dispatch problems, and it outperforms the EP, PSO and other modern metaheuristic optimization methods reported in the recent literatures.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제9권12호
• /
• pp.4950-4966
• /
• 2015

Cloud providers now face the problem of estimating the amount of computing resources required to satisfy a future workload. In this paper, a virtual machine provisioning (VMP) mechanism is designed to adapt workload fluctuation. The arrival rate of forthcoming jobs is predicted for acquiring the proper service rate by adopting an exponential smoothing (ES) method. The proper service rate is estimated to guarantee the service level agreement (SLA) constraints by using a diffusion approximation statistical model. The VMP problem is formulated as a facility location problem. Furthermore, it is characterized as the maximization of submodular function subject to the matroid constraints. A greedy-based VMP algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal virtual machine provision pattern. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed mechanism could increase the average profit efficiently without incurring significant quality of service (QoS) violations.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제33권11A호
• /
• pp.1072-1078
• /
• 2008

이 논문에서는 전송 실효성 극대화를 위하여 사용자 별 최소 및 최대 전송률 제한을 두는 페이딩 방송채널에서 내림차순 전력할당에 기반한 효율적인 SCM (superposition coding multiplexing) 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 3단계로 구성되는데, 1단계에서는 전송 가능한 최대의 사용자 집합을 선정하고, 2단계에서는 사용자 별 송신전력의 내림차순으로 해당 사용자의 최소 전송률을 보장하는 최대 허용 간섭전력을 결정하는 방식으로 해당 사용자별 송신전력을 할당하고 잔여전력을 계산한다. 3단계에서는 2단계에서 잔여전력이 발생하는 경우에 수행하며, 내림차순 마지막 사용자부터 다시 오름차순으로 해당 사용자의 최대 전송률 제공에 필요한 전력 범위까지 최대로 추가 전력을 할당한다. 이 방법은 2단계 내림차순 할당에서 각 사용자가 자신의 최소 전송률 보장을 위하여 이후 사용자들로부터의 최대 허용 간섭전력을 고려하여 전력할당이 이루어졌으며 오름차순 추가 할당으로 인한 해당 사용자 이후 모든 순위 사용자들에 대한 전력 재할당을 필요로 하지 않는다. 따라서, 제안한 방법은 사용자 별 최소뿐만 아니라 최대 전송률 제한을 두는 경우, 특히 사용자 수가 많아질수록 계산이 더욱 효율적이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.747-752
• /
• 2004

Researches about scheduling of the distributed real-time systems have been proposed. However, they have some weak points, not scheduling both sporadic and periodic tasks and messages or being unable to guaranteeing the end-to-end constraints due to omitting precedence relations between sporadic tasks. So this paper proposes a new scheduling method for distributed real-time systems consisting of sporadic and periodic tasks with precedence relations and sporadic and periodic messages, guaranteeing end-to-end constraints. The proposed method is based on a binary search-based period assignment algorithm, an end-to-end laxity-based priority assignment algorithm, and three kinds of schedulability analysis, node, network, and end-to-end schedulability analysis. In addition, this paper describes the application model of sporadic tasks with precedence constraints in a distributed real-time system, shows that existing scheduling methods such as Rate Monotonic (RM) scheduling are not proper to be applied to the system having sporadic tasks with precedence constraints, and proposes an end-to-end laxity-based priority assignment algorithm.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1996년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
• /
• pp.793-796
• /
• 1996

This study proposes a new algorithm which performs a production simulation under various constraints and maintains computational efficiency. In order to consider the environmental and operational constraints, the proposed algorithm is based on optimization techniques formulated in LP form In the algorithm, "system characteristic constraints" reflect the system characteristics such as LDC shape, unit loading order and forced outage rate. By using the concept of Energy Invariance Property and two operational rules i.e. Compliance Rule for Emission Constraint, Compliance Rule for Limited Energy of Individual Unit, the number of system characteristic constraints is appreciably reduced. As a solution method of the optimization problem, the author uses Karmarkar's method which performs effectively in solving large scale LP problem. The efficiency of production simulation is meaningful when it is effectively used in power system planning. With the proposed production simulation algorithm, an optimal expansion planning model which can cope with operational constraints, environmental restriction, and various uncertainties is developed. This expansion planning model is applied to the long range planning schemes by WASP, and determines an optimal expansion scheme which considers the effect of supply interruption, load forecasting errors, multistates of unit operation, plural limited energy plants etc.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2001

광학설계의 최적화에서는 광학수차를 줄이면서 광학계의 제한조건을 유지시켜야하며, 이를 위하여 Lagrange 부정승수법이 사용되고 있다. 이 과정에서 제한조건이 merit function의 error 항보다 우선적으로 보정된다. 본연구에서는 이를 이용하여 merit function에서 절대값이 큰 error의 보정조건을 제한조건으로 변경하여 우선적으로 보정하는 최적화의 능동적 제어법을 제안하고 이를 사진렌즈계의 최적화에 적용하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제60권3호
• /
• pp.509-516
• /
• 2011

This paper studies a novel method to find the profit-maximizing Nash Equilibriums in allocating generation quantities with consideration of ramp-rates under competitive market environment. Each GenCo in a market participates in a game to maximize its profit through competitions and play a game with bidding strategies. In order to find the Nash equilibriums it is necessary to search the feasible combinations of GenCos' strategies which satisfy every participant's profit and no one wants various constraints. During the procedure to find Nash equilibriums, the payoff matrix can be simplified as eliminating the dominated strategies. in each time interval. Because of the ramp-rate, generator's physically or technically limits to increase or decrease outputs in its range, it can restrict the number of bidding strategies of each generator at the next stage. So in this paper, we found the Nash Equilibriums for multi-stage generation allocation game considering the ramp-rate limits of generators. In the case studies, we analyzed the generation allocation game for a 12-hour multi-stage and compared it with the results of dynamic economic dispatch. Both of the two cases were considered generator's ramp-rate effects.

• 산업공학
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.110-119
• /
• 2000

Resource-constrained project scheduling is to allocate limited resources to activities to optimize certain objective functions and to determine a start time for each activity in the project such that precedence constraints and resource requirements are satisfied. This study suggests a multi-project scheduling model which can level work loads, make the most of production capacity and restrain the delay of delivery by developing a heuristic algorithm which minimizes the project completion time and maximizes the load rate under resource constraints.