• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.2760-2764
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• 2013

Geniposide is a biologically active ingredient of gardenia fruit. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the determination of geniposide in rat plasma. The plasma samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction and introduced into a BDS Hypersil $C_{18}$ column ($50{\times}2.1mm$, $5{\mu}m$) for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, and gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. For mass spectrometric detection, multiple reaction monitoring was performed via an electrospray ionization source in positive mode. The calibration curve for geniposide was linear ($r^2=0.997$) in the concentration range of $0.005-1{\mu}g/mL$. The intra- and inter-day accuracies and precisions fulfilled the required criteria (${\pm}15%$). The developed method was subsequently used for pharmacokinetic analysis of geniposide after oral administration to rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The mean maximum plasma concentration of geniposide was $0.68{\pm}0.29{\mu}g/mL$ at $0.44{\pm}0.13h$, and the mean area under the plasma concentration versus time curve was $1.46{\mu}g{\cdot}h/mL$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 1998

The hemopoietic effects of deer blood (whole blood, blood cell, plasma, respectively) were examined using in vivo rat model. Experimental animals (Sprague-Dawley rat, male, 200 g) were divided into negative control group (injection of saline), positive control group (injection of Sipjeondaebotang) experimental groups (injection of whole blood, blood cell, plasma) and healthy control group. Cyclophosphamide(150mg/kg) was injected into experimental groups, negative and positive control group to induce bone marrow supression. After 8 days, freez dried deer blood (whole blood, blood cell, plasma respectively) and Sipjeondaebotang of 200 mg/kg in dose was administered orally into experimental groups and positive control group, once a day for 3 days (A group) and once a day for 12 days (B group) respectively. And then body weight and organ weight, biochemical profile (ALB, GOT, GPT, PRO, CRE), hematological values (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT) and CBC differentiation (Neutro, Lymph, Mono, Reticulo) were carried out. Finally, platelets were specially increased in the plasma treated A group and reticulocytes were specially increased in the plasma treated B group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2011

It has been known that, under certain conditions, application of low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasmas can enhance proliferation of cells. In this study, conditions for optimal cell proliferation were examined for various cells relevant for orthopaedic applications. Plasmas used in our experiments were generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with a helium flow (of approximately 3 litter/min) into ambient air at atmospheric pressure by a 10 kV~20 kHz power supply. Such plasmas were directly applied to a medium, in which cells of interest were cultured. The cells examined in this study were human synoviocytes, rat mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue, a mouse osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1), a mouse embryonic mesenchymal cell line (C3H-10T1/2), human osteosarcoma cells (HOS), a mouse myoblast cell line (C2C12), and rat Schwann cells. Since cell proliferation can be enhanced even if the cells are not directly exposed to plasmas but cultured in a medium that is pre-treated by plasma application, it is surmised that long-life free radicals generated in the medium by plasma application stimulate cell proliferation if their densities are appropriate. The level of free radical generation in the medium was examined by dROMs tests and correlation between cell proliferation and oxidative stress was observed. Other applications of plasma medicine in orthopaedics, such as plasma modification of artificial bones and wound healing effects by direct plasma application for mouse models, will be also discussed. The work has been done in collaboration with Prof. H. Yoshikawa and his group members at the School of Medicine, Osaka University.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 1998

SB-31 which contains Pursatilla, Licoris and Ginseng extracts was recently proved as an anticancer agent. In a preclinical effort to be applied this drug to human, pharmacokinetics of SB-31 was carried out in rats and rabbits. Glycyrrhizin(GZ), a saponin of Licoris was used as a standard ingradient for the pharmacokinetics of SB-31. The rat's blood, bile and urine samples were serially collected in femoral vein, common bile duct and bladder, respectively, after bolus i.v. injection at a dose of 1 or 1/5 ampul/rat and rabbit's blood samples from the marginal ear vein at a dose of 1 or 3 amp./rabbit. GZ and glycyrrhetic acid(GA), a major metabolite of GZ in the physiological samples were analysed by HPLC with UV detection. The decline of GZ in plasma concentration was generally biexponential at each dose. GZ was almost completely recovered in bile within 18 hour. GA wasn't detected in the samples with UV detector. In the rat, Vss and Kel at a dose of 1 and 1/5 ampul of SB-31 were $98.06\pm6.07\;ml,\;0.33\pm0.05\;hr^{-1}\;and\;65.46\pm11.19\;ml,\;0.68\pm0.25\;hr^{-1}$, respectively. Those in rabbits at a dose of 3 and 1 ampul of SB-31 were $235.24\pm30.72\;ml,\;0.13\pm0.36\;hr^{-1}\;and\;341.32\pm28.58\;ml,\;0.27\pm0.04\;hr^{-1}$, respectively. 'WinNonlin' was utilized for the compartmental analysis. A two-compartment model was chosen as the most appropriate pbarmaco-kinetic model. The data were best described by using a weighting factor of $1/y^2$. To evaluate the effect of SB-31 on cardiovascular system, serially diluted SB-31 was directly injected into coronary artery in the isolated perfused rat heart and the effect of PSF, PSH, saponins of Pursatilla, and SB-31 on PT, APTT of healthy human plasma was examined. Except the positive inotropic effect of ten times diluted solution of SB-31, there was no significant effect on LVDP, (- dp/dt)/(+dp/dt), heart rate and coronary flow in comparision with that of vehicle. SB-31 had no effect on PT but slightly delayed APTT about $6.9{\sim}11.5\%$. There was no significant effect of PSF and PSH on PT & APTT. Conclusively, SB-31 did not show any notable toxic effects on cardiovascular system.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

SNAP-25 was first investigated as a neuron-specific protein preferentially expressed in CA3 pyramidal neurons of mouse hippocampus. It is a presynaptic plasma membrane protein in the nerve cell and plays an important role in the synaptic vesicle membrane docking and fusion pathway. We have recently isolated SNAP-25 cDNA from a rat brain cDNA library using a probe of Z2 cDNA. It consisted of 2,101 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) was identified between nucleotides (nt) 209 and 827. The AUG codon (nt 209∼211) was surrounded by CTACCATGG, which corresponded to the consensus sequence of ribosomal binding site. The ORF was terminated by TAA (nt 827∼829) to encode a polypeptide of 206 amino acid residues. The 3'-untranslated region contained two extensive stretches of repeated (CA)28 and (CA)19 at positions 925∼980 and 1645∼1682. It is noteworthy that cysteine residues were clustered in the span of amino acid residues 84∼991 : Cys-Gly-Leu-Cys-Val-Cys-Pro-Cys. Rat SNAP-25 showed 88% and 97% identity in nucleotide sequences to that of human and mouse, respectively. Amino acid sequence of rat SNAP-25 showed 100% identity to that of mouse and human SNAP-21.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

Functional and morphological characteristics of the exocrine pancreas in genetic model BB rat of insulin dependent diabetes medllitus(IDDM) were carried out. Wistar rat was used as control animal. Flow rate of pancreatic juice, output of amylase and protein, and plasma glucose and insulin levess were examined. Also light and ultrastructural characteristics of the exocrine pancreas were observed. Pancreatic flow rate, output of amylase and protein, and insulin level were lower;glucose level was higher comparing with those of the control Wistar rat. In Wistar rat, exocrine pancreas was typical light microscopically. Zymogen granules and cell organelles were well developed in fine structure. Cell size of the periinsular acini was larger, and number of zymogen granules were more than those of the teleinsular acini. Most acinar cells were dark cells which containe well-developed RER in their cytoplasm. On the other hand, some light cells which have the dilated RER cisterns were found. In BB rat exocrine pancreas, cell size of per-and tele-insular acini similar to that of Wistar rat. The number of light cells occupied 40-50% compairing with that of Wistar rat. Zymogen granules were lower in number than that of Wistar rat and divied into three types in morphological characteristics ; type I showing normal structure, type II showing the wide hallo and small electron dense core in center of the zymogen granule and type III not having the electron dense core in the zymogen granule. The present ratio of type I, type II and type III are less than 5%, 30-40% and more than 50%, respectively.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-85
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• 1997

This study was designed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, anti-thrombotic and analgesic effects of Shintongchugeotang. The anti-inflammatory effect was measured by the method of carragenin induced edema, protein leakage test using CMC-pouch, and the analgesic effect was measured by the acetic acid method and hot plate method, and the effect of Shintongchugeotang on the cardiovascular system was observed by the change of flow rate of Ringer solution in the vascular system in the ear of rabbit, and the contraction and dilatation of rat tail artery. Death rate, platelet aggregation, plasma coagulation activity was observed for the measurement of the anti-coagurative effect of Shintongchugeotang. The result was as follows : 1. After the administration of Shintongchugeotang extract, Carragenin induced edema and CMC-pouch protein leakage were significantly decreased. 2. The slight analgesic effect of Shintongchugeotang extract was confirmed by the observation of writhing syndrome, paw licking time, and escape time. 3. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 4. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 5. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 6. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 7. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.88-106
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• 1998

This study was designed to elucidate the antiinflammatory, cardiovascular, antithrombotic, and analgesic effect of Sambitang. The antiinflammatory effects was measured by the method of carrageenin induced edema, protein leakage test using CMC-pouch, and the effect of Sambitang on the cardiovascular system was observed by the change of flow rate of Ringer solution in the vascular system in the ear of rabbit, and the contraction and dilatation of rat tail artery. Death rate, platelet aggregation, plasma coagulation activity was observed for the measurement of the anticoagurative effect of Sambitang, and the analgesic effect was measured by the acetic acid method and hot plate method. The result was as follows: 1. Sambitang administration, edema and protein leakage was significantly decreased. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembo- lism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The slight anagesic effect of Sambitang extract was confirmed by the observation of writhing syndrome, paw licking time, and escape time.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2002

Brain drug targeting through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo is possible with peptidornirnetic monoclonal antibodies that undergo receptor-mediated transcytosis through the BBB. Monoclonal antibody to the rat transferrin receptor, such as the OX26 was studied in rats as a transport vector through BBB on the transferrin receptor. But, OX26 is not an effective brain delivery vector in mouse. In the present studies, rat monoclonal antibody, 8D3 to the mouse transferrin receptor were evaluated for brain drug targeting vector intransgenic mouse model. Pharrnacokinetic parameters in plasma and organ uptakes were determined at varioustimes after i.v. bolus injection of [$^{}125}I$] 8D3 in Balb/c mice. Brain uptake of [$^{}125}I$] 8D3 was also studied with an internal carotid artery perfusioncapillary depletion method. After i.v. injection of [$^{}125}I$] 8D3, plasma concentrations declined biexponentially with elimination half lift of approximately 2.2 hours. Brain uptake of [$^{}125}I$] 8D3 was $0.50{\pm}0.09$ persent of injected dose per g brain after 2 hours i.v. injection. After perfusion 5 min the apparent volume of distibution of [$^{}125}I$] 8D3 in brain was $22.3 {\mu}l/g,$ which was 4.8 fold higher than the intravascular volume. These studies indicate rat monoclonal antibody to the mouse transferrin receptor, 8D3 may be used for brain drug targeting vector in mice.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2013

We examined the effect of parental folate deficiency on the folate content, global DNA methylation, folate receptor-alpha (FR${\alpha}$), insulin-like-growth factor-2 (IGF-2) and -1 receptor (IGF-1R) in the liver and plasma homocysteine in the postnatal rat. Male and female rats were randomly fed a folic acid-deficient (paternal folate-deficient, PD and maternal folate-deficient, MD), or folic acid-supplemented diet (paternal folate-supplemented, PS and maternal-folate-supplemented, MS) for four weeks. They were mated and grouped accordingly: $PS{\times}MS$, $PS{\times}MD$, $PD{\times}MS$, and $PD{\times}MD$. Pups were killed on day 21 of lactation. The hepatic folate content was markedly reduced in the $PD{\times}MD$ and $PS{\times}MD$ and $PD{\times}MS$ as compared with the $PS{\times}MS$ group. The hepatic global DNA methylation was decreased in the $PD{\times}MS$ and $PS{\times}MD$ groups as much as in the $PD{\times}MD$ group, and all the three groups were significantly lower as compared to the $PS{\times}MS$ group. There were no significant differences in the hepatic FR${\alpha}$, IGF-2 and IGF-1R expressions among the groups. Positive correlations were found between the hepatic folate content and global DNA methylation and protein expressions of FR${\alpha}$, IGF-2 and IGF-1R, whereas an inverse correlation was found between hepatic folate content and plasma homocysteine level in the 3-week-old rat pup. The results of this study show that both paternal and maternal folate deficiency at mating can influence the folate content and global DNA methylation in the postnatal rat liver.