• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1979

The following results were drawn from the experiment conducted to see the effect of ginseng alcohol extract on the mitochondrial oxidation of the rat liver. 1) Mitochondrial oxygen consumption increased in the low concentration and decreased in the high concentration of ginseng alcohol extract. 2) When the mitochondria was destroyed mechanically or was swollen by low concentration of $AgNO_3$, mitochondrial oxygen consumption was inhibited in all concentration of ginseng alcohol extract. 3) Oxygen consumption of intact mitochondria increased in the low concentration but decreased in the high concentration of sodium deoxycholate. 4) Ginseng alcohol extract inhibited cytochrome oxidase activities of liver mitochondria. These results suggest that low concentration of ginseng alcohol extract activates the oxygen consumption of liver mitochondria by increasing the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane and high concentration of the extract inhibit the oxygen consumption by inhibiting the enzyme activity related to respiration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1987

To study effects of heated oil on lipid peroxidation in rat liver, rats were fed 3 and 6 weeks by intubating oils heated for l1(HA group) and 24 hours (HB group) at 18$0^{\circ}C$. The contents of lipid peroxides and vitamin E, and the activities of super oxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in liver were measured. Histological changes of the liver tissue were observed. In both HA and HE groups, the contents of lipid peroxides and the activities of superoxide dismutase were increased, but the activities of glutathione peroxidase and the contents of vitamin E in liver were decreased when compared to the control group which was fed fresh cora oils. During the oil feeding period, the activities of superoxide dismutase and the contents of vitamin E were not significantly changed, but the activities of glutathione peroxidase were decreased, and lipid peroxides were increased in the 3 weeks than in 6 weeks. In HB liver, the heterochromatin of nucleus increased, mitochondria swellen, cristae in mitochondria disappeared, fat droplet and secondary lysosome increased and lumen of rough endoplasmic reticulum enlarged, compared with that of the control group. These phenomena in HA group were less pronounced.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2021

Menthol (M) is a cyclic monoterpenode and is a major component of essential oils. Menthol, along with menthol, isomenton, etc., gives taste and odor of the mint plant, and when it comes to menthol in general, L- or (-) -menthol is usually used. Included in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and pesticides. It has antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant properties. It is also known that the licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.) differs from other types of plants by its medicinal properties. For many years it has been used in folk medicine. Extraction of licorice root revealed up to 25% glycyrrhizinic acid (GA). Its aglycone - glycyrrhizic acid is notable for its structural similarity to the adrenal cortex hormones. Currently, GA and glycyrrhizic acid are widely used in medicine as a remedy for colds, allergies, viral diseases, tumors. The biological activity of menthol and GA-based supramolecular compounds has been poorly studied, and their effect on the functional parameters of rat liver mitochondria has been studied little. For this purpose, in our experiments, the effect of menthol (M), glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and their supramolecular complexes obtained in different proportions on in vitro and in vivo studies on rat liver mitochondria was studied.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.59-73
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• 1989

To investigate the effect of cadmium and cadmium binding protein on the electron transport system and conformational changes of rat kidney mitochondria, various cadmium concentration were treated in vitro and respiration rate, NADH-CoQ reductase activity were measured. Ultrastructural changes at state IV respiration were also observed. CdBP was isolated from the rat liver by Sephadex G-75 column fractionation and treated in vitro with cadmium. Also mitochondrial state IV respiration rate was measured. When cadmium was treated in vitro, state IV respiration and enzyme activity were decreased and ultrastructural transformation of mitochondria from a condensed to an orthodox conformation was inhibited under state IV respiration. In case cadmium and CdBP were treated together, oxygen consumption was more increased than cadmium only. Conformational changes of mitochondria from a condensed to orthodox conformation were also observed. This indicates that CdBP have a protective effect against cadmium toxicity.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silk fibroin powder (Mw 500) on oxidative stress and membrane fluidity in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (SEP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups) added 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Cholesterol levels resulted in a significant decrease (12.1% and 9.0%, respectively) in the liver mitochondria and microsomes of SEP-5.0 group compared with control group. Membrane fluidity as significantly increased (16.1% and 16.5%, 5.8% and 17.4%) in the liver mitochondria and microsomes were significantly inhibited (16.1% and 18.3%, 8.1% and 15.1%, respectively) at the SFP-2.5 and SEP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Induced oxygen radicals (BOR) in liver mitochondria and microsomes were significantly inhibited (16.1% and 18.3%, 8.1% and 15.1%, respectively) at the SFP-2.5 and SEP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Induced oxygen radicals (IOR) in liver microsomes were significantly inhibited (17.0% and 26.6%, respectively) at the SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group, but IOR in liver mitochondria was significantly inhibited about 12.3% at the SWP-400 group only compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly decreased (8.3% and 18.0%, 13.4% and 18.4%, respectively) in the liver mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were dose-dependently decreased (5.4% and 11.6%, 19.0% and 24.4%, respaectively) in the iver mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. These results suggest that administration of SFP may play an effective role in attenuating an oxidative stress and increasing a membrane fluidity in liver membranes.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.63-64
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• 1984

This major sites of liquidperoxidation-damage within the cell are at biomembrances, especially those of subcellular organells such as mitochondria and microsomes whose membranes contain relatively large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mitochondria are the power plants of eukaryotic cells. Hence their damage by liquid peroxidation can profoundly affect cellular function.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of iron on cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) in rat lung mitochondria were examined. Similar to liver mitochondria, iron accumulated considerably in lung mitochondria (more than 2-fold). Likewise, the reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) content of mitochondria were increased by more than 50% and 100%, respectively. NO might be produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), eNOS and iNOS type, with particular contribution by NOS in mitochondria. The respiratory control ratio of iron overloaded lung mitochondria dropped to nearly 50% due to increased state 4. Likewise, cytochrome c oxidase activity was lowered significantly to approximately 50% due to excess iron. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of isoforms 1 and 2 of subunit IV of CeO was enhanced greatly under excess iron conditions. Taken together, these results show that oxidative phosphorylation within lung mitochondria may be influenced by iron overload through changes in cytochrome c oxidase and NO.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

This paper aims to probe the effect of SQ in the rat liver which pretreated with CP was examined by transmission electron microscope. In the A group, the difference between the normal and the treated groups were not detected at 24 hours, but the few mitochondria were expanded at the 72 hours. In the B group, the cisternae of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were partially destructed and attached ribosomes were remarkably decreased at 24 hours. A number of the mitochondria were dilated and increased in number, the filamentous materials also detected at 72 hours. These results suggest that SQ is not only concerned with construction of the membrane of the cell organelles but also decreased the cellular toxicity in the hepatic cells.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1970

미토콘드리아의 Ca 결합은 물질대사에 의존하지 않는 初期 結合과 에너지 소비를 수반하는 膜透過의 二段階로 일어 난다는 설이 있다. 본 실험에서는 이를 확인키 위하여 흰쥐의 肝에 서 抽出한 미토콘드리아를 $^45 CaCl_2$를 함유한 sucrose-tris chloride 용액에서 incubate 시키면 서 Ca 흡수, 산소소비 및 ATPase 活性을 측정하였다. 미토콘드리아의 Ca 결합량은 온도의 영향을 거의 받지 않으며, succinate 나 ATP의 존재에 의해서도 증가하지 않는다. 반면 산소소비량은 succinate의 존재에 의하여 현저하게 증가되며 또 온도의 상승에 따라 증가된다. ATPase 活性도 온도의 상승에 따라 증가한다. 산소소비량과 Ca의 결합량이 비례하지 않는 것으로 보아 미토콘드리아의 Ca 초기 결합은 물질 대사에 의존하지 않는 것으로 판단된다. 미토콘드리아의 ATPase 活性은 DNP 의 존재에 의하여 증가된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2002

본 연구는 흰쥐의 간장에서 납 독성에 대한 활성탄 효과를 연구하는데 그 목적이 있다. 실험동물은 $7{\sim}8$주된 150 g 내외의 Sparague-Dewley계 웅성 Rat를 사용하였다. lead acetate (500 ppm)를 1주 2회 복강 투여하였고 활성탄(40 mg/kg)을 1일/1회씩 경구투여하여 4주, 8주째에 간장을 적출해서 투과전자현미경으로 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 납 단독투여 4주군은 과립형질내세망의 수조가 팽대되고, 리보솜의 탈락이 관찰되었다. 핵은 약간 함입되어 불규칙하였으며 핵막은 팽대되어 내외막과 핵공이 불분명하게 나타났다. 납-활성탄 투여 4주군은 과립형질내세망은 리보솜이 부착된 정상적인형태로 관찰되었다. 다수의 리소좀이 관찰되었다. 핵은 둥근 형태로 관찰되었다. 납 단독투여 8주군은 과립형질내세망의 수조가 더욱 심하게 팽대되어 공포화를 나타냈다. 사립체는 더욱 팽창되서 사립체능이 절단, 손실되어 낮은 전자밀도를 나타냈다. 핵은 약간 함입되어 불규칙하고 핵막이 팽대되었다. 납-활성탄 투여 8주군은 일부 과립형질내세망의 수조가 팽대되었으나 리보솜이 부착된 정상적인 형태로 핵 주위에 전형적인 층판구조를 형성하였다. 사립체는 약간 팽창되었고, 핵은 정상으로 보였다.