• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.58-69
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• 2020

Meghalaya, (in India), in the region of the mega-biodiversity hotspots, is home to a plethora of wild mushrooms. The present study concerns the exploration of the order Agaricales, which includes rare gilled mushrooms considered endangered under IUCN A4c criteria, due to the declining habitat. Electron microscopy of the gill sections revealed an abundance of clamp connections, hyphal cell walls, cystidia, and basidia. This rare species which belongs to the family Cyphellaceae, exhibits morphological and molecular differences from the Cyphella spp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it formed a clade under the genus Campanophyllum of the order Agaricales, confirmed by both Neighbor Joining (NJ) and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Being nutritionally potent along with its efficient antioxidant value, the fungal extract shows significant rise of two-fold in the antimicrobial activity along with the commercial antibiotics. The compound, Phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-Dimethylethyl) (2, 4-DTBP) showed in ample range in the fungal extract along with aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpene, alcohol and volatile organic compounds on further characterization in GCMS. The present study indicates the endangered Campanophyllum proboscideum could be a rich source of natural antioxidants and an effective pharmaceutical agent.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.152-156
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• 1999

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a rare syndrome which causes postural headache associated with low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, without preceding events such as lumbar puncture, back trauma, operative procedure or illness. The headche is usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, neck stiffness, vertigo, photophobia and in rare cases diplopia, transient visual obscuration. Brain MRI may show subdural effusion, downward displacement of brain and diffuse and continuous meningeal enhancement when enhanced by gadolinium. Low opening pressure was shown through lumbar puncture. The value of protein and cell count of CSF may be slightly elevated. This syndrome usually resolves itself spontaneously or with strict bed rest. When the headache is persistent or incapacitating, more aggressive treatment may be necessary. We treated two cases of SIH in which epidural blood patch produced immediate and complete relief of the symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2003

To obtain the basic data for monitoring and the conservation of native plant species at the sub-alpine zone Jongseogdae in Jirisan (Mt.).40 plots(5m${\times}$5m) set up by random sampling method and the distribution of native shrub and herb species at the subalpine zone was surveyed. Leading shrub species at the subalpine zone of Jongseogdae were Tripterygium regelii with IP value of 23.45% : followed by Lespedeza maximowiczii, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Lespedeza tomentella. Dominant species at the subalpine zone were Lysimachia clethroides, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Synurus deltoides, Veratrum maackii var. japonicum, Hemerocallis fulva and Astilbe chinensis var. davidii. Rhododendron tschonoskii recorded from the rare and endangered species list of the Korea Forest Service distributed among the rocks on the top of Jongseogdae. The long-term sustainable habitat monitoring might be required to conserve this subalpine zone.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Data mining techniques are used to find important and meaningful information from huge databases, and pattern mining is one of the significant data mining techniques. Pattern mining is a method of discovering useful patterns from the huge databases. Frequent pattern mining which is one of the pattern mining extracts patterns having higher frequencies than a minimum support threshold from databases, and the patterns are called frequent patterns. Traditional frequent pattern mining is based on a single minimum support threshold for the whole database to perform mining frequent patterns. This single support model implicitly supposes that all of the items in the database have the same nature. In real world applications, however, each item in databases can have relative characteristics, and thus an appropriate pattern mining technique which reflects the characteristics is required. In the framework of frequent pattern mining, where the natures of items are not considered, it needs to set the single minimum support threshold to a too low value for mining patterns containing rare items. It leads to too many patterns including meaningless items though. In contrast, we cannot mine any pattern if a too high threshold is used. This dilemma is called the rare item problem. To solve this problem, the initial researches proposed approximate approaches which split data into several groups according to item frequencies or group related rare items. However, these methods cannot find all of the frequent patterns including rare frequent patterns due to being based on approximate techniques. Hence, pattern mining model with multiple minimum supports is proposed in order to solve the rare item problem. In the model, each item has a corresponding minimum support threshold, called MIS (Minimum Item Support), and it is calculated based on item frequencies in databases. The multiple minimum supports model finds all of the rare frequent patterns without generating meaningless patterns and losing significant patterns by applying the MIS. Meanwhile, candidate patterns are extracted during a process of mining frequent patterns, and the only single minimum support is compared with frequencies of the candidate patterns in the single minimum support model. Therefore, the characteristics of items consist of the candidate patterns are not reflected. In addition, the rare item problem occurs in the model. In order to address this issue in the multiple minimum supports model, the minimum MIS value among all of the values of items in a candidate pattern is used as a minimum support threshold with respect to the candidate pattern for considering its characteristics. For efficiently mining frequent patterns including rare frequent patterns by adopting the above concept, tree based algorithms of the multiple minimum supports model sort items in a tree according to MIS descending order in contrast to those of the single minimum support model, where the items are ordered in frequency descending order. In this paper, we study the characteristics of the frequent pattern mining based on multiple minimum supports and conduct performance evaluation with a general frequent pattern mining algorithm in terms of runtime, memory usage, and scalability. Experimental results show that the multiple minimum supports based algorithm outperforms the single minimum support based one and demands more memory usage for MIS information. Moreover, the compared algorithms have a good scalability in the results.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.169-184
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• 2022

This study aims to discuss sustainable fashion trends and sustainable design directions that fashion companies are practicing with ESG in the post-corona new normal era. As a research method, this study examined sustainable fashion trends and ESG practices through empirical case studies focusing on each fashion brand's website, including previous research and literature research, using materials such as newspapers and magazines. As for ESG practice plans, they were divided into four categories: technology orientation, design orientation, consumption orientation, and social value pursuit orientation. The sustainable fashion trends were also divided into four categories. First, the trend exhibits cyclical sustainability using pro-environmental materials, such as pro-environmental fibers, recycled fibers, biodegradable fibers. Second, high sensitivity and rare value sustainability were shown using reuse and upcycling. Third, consumption-oriented trends were promoted through slow fashion. Fourth, in order to realize eco-friendly sustainable fashion and ESG as practical ways to pursue social values, there is a trend of integrating sustainability through changes in perception considering people, society, and the environment. Beyond spreading concern about value consumption trends and the environment, it presents a direction for future industries concerning core values with social roles, responsibility, and ethical awareness from various perspectives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.215-215
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• 2022

Starch synthase proteins (SSI, SSII and SSIII) in rice are mainly involved in amylopectin synthesis mediating its chain elongation, and the functional loss of SSII can increase amylose accumulation through decreasing of amylopectin chain proportions. For purposes of identifying functional haplotypes and evolutionary analyses of this gene, SSII-1, we investigated 374 rice accessions belonging to different subgroups of origins. We subsequently performed bioinformatic analyses on their variations through haplotyping, resequencing and structuring based on different classified populations. Haplotyping of cultivated rice accessions using genetic variations within SSII-1 genomic region of chromosome 10 revealed a total of 8 haplotypes, representing 6 functional haplotypes by 4 non-synonymous SNPs of three different exons (1, 4 and 10), which effect on protein structure. Higher nucleotide diversity value was found in wild group (0.0055) compared to any of cultivated subpopulations, of which aus showed the most reduction of diversity value (0.0003). Tajima's D analysis exhibits the most Tajima's D value only in admixture group (0.3600) which appears to be the cause of a sudden population contraction by rare alleles scarcity. A clear separation of some wild accessions from the admixed cultivated subpopulations was observed in PCA and phylogenetic analysis. Similar admixed pattern of population structure was estimated with an increased K values of 2 to 8 where genetic components of almost all cultivated subpopulations were shared with the wild which can also be subsequently estimated by very low F_ST-values by -0.011 (wild-aromatic) and -0.003 (wild-admixture).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.217-217
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• 2022

Pullulanase (PUL), a debranching enzyme, has been utilized in hydrolyzing the a-1,6 glucosidic linkages in starch, amylopectin, pullulan, as well as related oligosaccharides. It has also been indicated that PUL is a novel indicator of inherent RS (Resistant Starch) formation in rice. In this study, we performed haplotype analysis on 320 bred rice accessions, and additional 54 wild accessions were added to study genetic diversity along with other population-based analyses of the PUL gene. Through these investigations, we summarized a total of 10 functional (non-synonymous) SNPs from 7 different exons on chromosome 4. There were 10 haplotypes, of which only six haplotypes were functional, implicating different subpopulations. Diversity reduction was noticed in temperate japonica (0.0005) compared to the highest one (aus, 0.0154), illustrating their higher genetic differentiation by F_ST-value (0.926). The highest Tajima^ D value was observed in indica (3.6613), indicating PUL gene domestication signature under balancing selection, while the lowest Tajima's D value was found in temperate japonica (-2.2191) which might have undergone under positive selection and purified due to the excess of rare alleles. PCA, population structure, and phylogenetic analyses provide information on the genetic relatedness between and or among the cultivated subpopulations and the wild based on PUL genomic region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.218-218
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• 2022

Granules-bound starch synthase II (GBSSII), one of the isoforms of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), is responsible for amylose synthesis by expressing in non-storage tissues such as leaf, stem, root, and pericarp. Up to date, little is known about this gene functions and basic knowledge of heritable characteristics of this gene, GBSSII. We identified functional haplotypes and performed evolutionary analyses on the GBSSII using 374 rice accessions (320 Korean bred and 54 wild) based on the classified groups. A total of 14 haplotypes were found, and almost all haplotypes (13) were functional, carrying 19 non-synonymous SNPs in two exons (exons 1 and 2). The lowest nucleotide diversity was detected in Tropical japonica (0.00145), while the highest pi-value was in Aus (0.01081), illustrating the signal of this gene evolution. The highest Tajima's D value in Aus (1.6380) indicates GBSSII gene domestication signature under balancing selection, while the lowest Tajima's D value in Temperate japonica (-0.8243) highlights that they were under positive selection, which may be purified due to the excess of rare alleles. The highest genetic differentiation was observed between Tropical japonica and aroma (F_ST = 0.921928). In contrast, the highest interbreed level was detected in Aus-admixture (F_ST = -0.20157). The genetic relatedness between and or among the wild and cultivated subpopulations was revealed through PCA, population structure, and phylogenetic analyses.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.143-153
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation between the housing value and residential satisfaction, housing' investment value, and also the effect the purchase intention. Recently it has been argued that the consumers' investment value can have influence on the housing market, however it is extremely rare to find research market. Through this study, influencing relationship on how the factors of housing value can affect the residential satisfaction and investment value is figured out. Last, in order to analysis the influencing relationship of purchase intention, the questionnaire for residents were conducted. The analysis is done based on 585 significant research materials gathered from the questionnaires. For analysis methodology, this research is using SPSS 21.0, AMOS 18.0, along with analytic techniques, such as implementation of basic statistical analysis, reliability, and structural analysis. Following is the results summary of the research: First, results of a factor analysis extracted four factors of housing value: residential quality factor, economic factor, brand factor, accessibility factor. Second, we find from the residential quality, brand of the housing value were statistically effect of the residential satisfaction and investment value. Finally, residential satisfaction and investment value had a positive influence on purchase intention. The result indicates the housing buyers' positive investment value and residential satisfaction increase the purchase intention in housing market. The better the housing buyers' investment value on the real estate market, the higher the market activity.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 1987

Author has studied for finding the method of decreasing the radiation dose and increasing diagnostic range in chest X-ray radiography. The study for the added filter thickness from half value layer to 1/8 value layer by decreasing curve and research for the exposure factors, decreasing ratio of radiation dose, ratio of scatter ray and image quality in chest X-ray radiography. The results were as follows: 1. By using the rare earth intensifying screen system at 120 Kvp, the sensitivity is increased by times and the exposure ratio is decreased 0.22 by comparison with the $CaWO_{4}$ intensifying screen system at 80 Kvp. 2. By using Al added filter of 1/8 value layer, the scatter ray is increased more than no filter, But the scatter ray is decreased more in $G_{4}/RxOG$ intensifying system than in LT-II/Rx intensifying system. 3. At 120 Kvp, the image quality value of $G_{4}/RxOG$ system is increased more than LT-II/Rx system compared with slight decreasing image quality value at 80 Kvp. Concluded that by using the added filter could decrease the radiation dose by 1/3 and obtain effective image quality with the added filter at high voltage hard exposure.