• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.616-627
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin E is essential for health, and although vitamin E deficiency seems rare in humans, studies on estimates of dietary intake are lacking. This study aimed to estimate dietary vitamin E intake, evaluate dietary adequacy of vitamin E, and detail major food sources of vitamin E in the Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2019. Individuals aged ≥ 1 year that participated in a nutrition survey (n = 28,418) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall and individual dietary vitamin E intake was estimated using a newly established vitamin E database. Dietary adequacy was evaluated by comparing dietary intake with adequate intake (AI) as defined by Korean Dietary Reference Intakes 2020. RESULTS: For all study subjects, mean daily total vitamin E intake was 7.00 mg α-tocopherol equivalents, which was 61.6% of AI. The proportion of individuals that consumed vitamin E at above the AI was 12.9%. Inadequate intake was observed more in females, older individuals, rural residents, and those with a low income. Mean daily intakes of tocopherol (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-forms) and tocotrienol were 6.02, 0.30, 6.19, 1.63, and 1.61 mg, respectively. The major food groups that contributed to total dietary vitamin E intake were grains (22.3%), seasonings (17.0%), vegetables (15.3%), and fish, and shellfish (7.4%). The top 5 individual food items that contributed to total vitamin E intake were baechu kimchi, red pepper powder, eggs, soybean oil, and rice. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that mean dietary vitamin E intake by Koreans did not meet the reference adequate intake value. To better understand the status of vitamin E intake, further research is needed that considers intake from dietary supplements.

• Philosophy of Medicine
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• v.15
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• pp.3-37
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• 2013

George Canguilhem(1904-1995) is one of the rare French philosophers of the 20th century to develop an approach that was shaped by a medical education. For him, medicine is considered as "a technique or an art at the junction of many different sciences, rather than a proper science." The thesis that medicine is a technique is presented not at a practical level, but on an axiological horizon which reflects the totality of humanity. This character of medicine became a motive that concretized Canguilhem's philosophical thinking. Medical knowledge is not an application of physiology, but is derived from clinical observations which are based on the personal experiences of each patient. If medicine were based on scientific knowledge and its practice the very application of this pure knowledge, the patient might be a passive object. However, the patient doesn't remain passive, but reacts to the menace of disease according to attitude that the patient developed over the course of his or her life. Canguilhem characterizes this point as 'normativity', the core of individual life, which eludes positivist medicine. Here appear the essential contents of his vitalism. Although they emphasized the activity of individual living being, other modern French vitalists didn't consider this dimension of norms. Since the normativity in Canguilhem concerns the subjectivity of the first person, it avoids a mechanical form of explanation. Thus Canguilhem's originality is found in his derivation of the essence of medicine from individuality, values and norms.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 2023

Squatting of agricultural work can cause musculoskeletal disorders due to excessive pressure and rotational force on the knee joint In order to improve the assistive chair used in squatting agricultural work so that it can be used in a narrow groove, it is intended to improve the musculoskeletal harm of squatting work by attaching a spring on the assistive chair. Therefore, in the presenty study, 3D drawing was done using ProEngineer (3D), and a mock-up was produced and tested. Using pro-Engineer, it was judged that it was rare for plastic to be broken by a spring, so the analysis was conducted with a focus on springs. It was found that the structure that can absorb the shock according to the rigidity of the tape spring and balance the body is that the power to withstand the load of the weight is distributed as a whole when five springs are used. Electromyography was measured using ME600 (Mega Electronics, Finland) Measuring equipment attached to the waist, thighs, calves, and shins. EMG values were measured and compared with the prototype in two ways, when the worker did not wear the product and when he wore an existing product on the market. As a result of the experiment when using the prototype, the maximum EMG value for each part is considered to be helpful in preventing musculoskeletal diseases as the amount of muscle used is reduced in the waist, thighs, calves, and shins.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.12 s.257
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• pp.815-820
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• 2005

Background: Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is a rare congenital cardiac disease. There have been various surgical options, but there are still controversies. Material and Method: Fourteen neonates who were operated on between 1999 and 2000 were enrolled in this study. We measured Z-value of tricuspid valve by echocardiography. We performed right ventricular outflow tract transannular patch in 9 patients. Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was placed according to the condition of patients. Mean follow up period was 46.0 months. Result: There were 2 operative mortality and 1 late mortality. Biventricular repair was possible in 7 patients. One and a half ventricular repair were done in 3 (tricuspid valve Z-value was -2, -2.5 and -3) and single ventricular repair in 2 patients (tricuspid z-value was -4.6, -4.5) The tricuspid valve Z-value for the patients who had biventricular repair and one and a half ventricular repair were -0.8$\pm$1.50 (-3.2$\∼$1.2) and -2.5$\∼$0.5 (-3$\∼$ -2) respectively. All patients who survived had fair to good right ventricular function, good left ventricular function and good clinical states. Conclusion: Neonatal surgical management of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum has a good surgical outcome, z-value of tricuspid may be helpful for the determination of surgical options.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.35-49
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• 2014

In cases of fashion businesses operating by consignment, base estimate on quantity of sales is the most essential part of merchandising. This study classified factors influential to sales into factors with systematic influence and factors with unsystematic influence. In order to find out influence of each factor on sales, non-linear regression was used with SPSS package on the basis of actual data on sales for 5 years for sport shoes brand. Major findings of this study are as follows. First, price level had significant negative(-) influence on sales. Second, price expectation effects had significant negative(-) influence on sales. Third, competitor's price effect showed significant negative(-) value. Fourth, day-of-the-week effect showed significant positive(+) effect. The theoretical marketing implications of this study are as follows. First, study on price leads to expansion of the researches from apparels to sport shoes. Field of study on price was enlarged through expansion of variable of study from price level and price expectation effect to promotion, day-of-the-week effect and rainfall effect. Second, quantitative scale of day-of-the-week effect was found and it could be confirmed that there was seasonal differences with day-of-the-week effect. Implications of above findings on marketing managers are as follows. First, it was found that an increase in competitiveness of brand power and a decline in absolute value of competitor's price effect can be realized when new product groups are developed to meet the unsatisfied needs in the market. Second, it was possible to find out the parameters scales of the price response function, making it possible to estimate sales for the next season, and in turn realize increase in rate of sales and profit rate. This research is based on the dynamic price response function, which is rare to find in the apparel business and it academic significance due to its expanding response model which was focused on price in conventional researches to non-systematic variables.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.509-521
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find out geochemical characteristics of stream sediments which are good indicator of geochemical hazard valuation and water in primary channels of the Jangheung area. We separated three groups which were granitoid area, granite gneiss area and tuffeous area by petrological properties. Physical and chemical characteristics of stream water such as temperature, pH, and EC were measured in the field between 1999 and 2001 and stream sediments samples were collected from April to May in 1999. For the chemical analysis of stream sediments samples, XRF, ICP-AES and NAA were used. The contents of the major elements had a similar contents in three groups and those of rare earth elements in granite gneiss area were lower value than those of other two groups. Zn and Cu were higher value than the other toxic elements. Through the enrichment factor and enrichment index features of the elements, we knew that $Fe_2O_3$, MgO, $TiO_2$, MnO and Eu, Yb of the tuffeous area samples and Co, Cr, Zn were enriched.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.10 s.255
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• pp.721-724
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• 2005

Aortocaval fistula is a rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm, involving less than $1\%$ of all abdominal aortic aneurysms. A 64-years old man with a long history of hypertension and abdominal aortic aneurysm had chest pain, dyspnea, epigastric discomfort and palpable abdominal pulsating mass. Physical examination revealed hypo­tension with a systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg, a large pulsatile mass and a systolic abdominal bruit. Laboratory data revealed a hemoglobin values of 11.0 g/dL, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value of 5 mg/dL, and creatine value of $2.5 mg\%$. Abdominal Angio CT showed a 10cm infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with dilatation of the IVC and aortocaval fistula from the aortic aneurysm, which was confirmed at emergency surgery. When the aneurysm was opened and the thrombus was removed, a 1 cm communication was identified between the aorta and IVC. This was controlled with Foley catheters ballooning, and the fistula was closed by continuous suture placed outside the aneurysm. A bifurcated aorto-iliac graft was used to restore arterial continuity. The patient was discharged home after uncomplicated postoperative course.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 2012

The genetic variation in populations of Eranthis byunsanensis, an endemic and rare species of Korea, was studied using starch gel electrophoresis. All five known populations were sampled for allozyme electrophoresis of nine enzymes coded by 10 loci. The overall genetic variation of E. byunsanensis population was shown to be considerably high within the populations (A = 2.4, P = 90.0, $H_E$ = 0.311). A positive $F_{IS}$ value of E. byunsanensis indicated an overall deficiency of heterozygotes, and a low $F_{ST}$ value (0.131) showed little differentiation among populations. The high genetic variation, less genetic differentiation among populations, and a significant amount of heterozygote deficiency propose the hypothesis that they have an experience of recent isolation and fragmentation of their habitat. Thus, the rate of gene flow has been drastically reduced, and the rate of inbreeding in E. byunsanensis populations has increased. Current habitats in Mai-san and Naro-do are vulnerable due to their small population size and the levels of anthropogenic activity in the region constantly threatening survival of this species. Because of the high genetic variation and low levels of differentiation among populations in E. byunsanensis, it is not issue which populations have a priority for protection, but we may concern the plan to maintain population continuously and diminish the rate of inbreeding.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.141-158
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• 2019

Based on RBV(Resource Based View), IT of SMEs classified into IT resource and capabilities. And We confirmed that capabilities and resources affected each performance. In other words, based on the questionnaire of SMEs and IT professionals, divides capability from the overall IT resource that are possessed by SMEs. Among the four attributes (value, rare, non-substitutability, imperfect imitability) presented by Barney (1991), this study targeted at value and imperfect imitability and investigated how SMEs recognize IT resource and capability. Furthermore, this study tests how IT resource and capability influence corporate performance. The result of this study finds that resources that are needed on "Knowledge-based" are classified into IT capability, otherwise classified into IT resource. Analysis shows that server, DB(database), system administrators, programmers, CIO, BA were capabilities, Desktop PC, PC software, software for salary and accounting management, e-commerce, Homepage, and network inside th enterprise were resources. Secondly, this study reveals that both IT resource and IT capability affected company performance (employee satisfaction, CEO satisfaction). IT is certainly having an impact on corporate performance. In conclusion, resource can be either IT resource or IT capability based on they way of utilization. And both IT resource and IT capability have an influence on corporate performance (employee job satisfaction, CEO satisfaction). Therefore, when considering IT investment, a company can purchase necessary IT resource and actively utilize it to be IT capability, which can have an influence on corporate performance in return.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.88-92
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• 2012

Purpose: Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II or Hunter syndrome) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) deficiency. MPS II causes a wide phenotypic spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. IDS activity, which is measured in leukocyte pellets or fibroblasts, was reported to be related to clinical phenotype by Sukegawa-Hayasaka et al. Measurement of residual plasma IDS activity using a fluorometric assay is simpler than conventional measurements using skin fibroblasts or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This is the first study to describe the relationship between plasma IDS activity and clinical phenotype of MPS II. Methods: We hypothesized that residual plasma IDS activity is related to clinical phenotype. We classified 43 Hunter syndrome patients as having attenuated or severe disease types based on clinical characteristics, especially intellectual and cognitive status. There were 27 patients with the severe type and 16 with the attenuated type. Plasma IDS activity was measured by a fluorometric enzyme assay using 4-methylumbelliferyl- ${\alpha}$-iduronate 2-sulphate. Results: Plasma IDS activity in patients with the severe type was significantly lower than that in patients with the attenuated type ($p$=0.006). The optimal cut-off value of plasma IDS activity for distinguishing the severe type from the attenuated type was 0.63 $nmol{\cdot}4hr^{-1}{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. This value had 88.2% sensitivity, 65.4% specificity, and an area under receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve of 0.768 (ROC curve analysis; $p$=0.003). Conclusion: These results show that the mild phenotype may be related to residual lysosomal enzyme activity.