• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : Tongue-tie, or partial ankyloglossia, is manifested by an abnormally short and thick lingual frenulum. Degree of tongue-tie varies from the mild to the rare, severe and its treatment of choice is frenulotomy. Theoretically tongue-tie can affect expression of alveolar sounds. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of articulation problem and to evaluate the efficacy of frenulotomy itself on alveolar sounds in tongue-tie patients. Materials and Methods : Prospectively, the authors performed preoperative and postoperative speech evaluation using picture consonants test for tongue-tie patients. Percentage of consonants correct(PCC), mean value of each alveolar phoneme depends on articulation site were evaluated. for exclusion of other articulatory improving factors except of frenulotomy itself, postoperative picture consonants test was performed 1 month after surgery. Results : Preoperative speech evaluation was performed to 37(male 21, female 16) patients and postoperative speech evaluation was performed to 17(male 9, female 8) patients, the other 20 patients were follow-up loss. Low PCC was observed in tongue-tie patients and PCC of female was higher an at of male in 2-4 years old patients. Overall PCC was improved after frenulotomy. Preoperative mean value of liquids and fricatives was lower than the other alveolar phonemes(p＜0.05) and it was improved postoperatively(p＜0.05). Conclusion : Frenulotomy itself can improve the articulation of liquids and fricatives on short follow-up. Speech therapy would be needful for improvement of the other alveolar phonemes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7443-7447
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• 2014

Aim: Little is known about the genetic associations with Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) risk in non-Caucasian populations, in which BCC is rare, as in Korea. We here conducted a pilot genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 12 patients and 48 standard controls. Method: A total of 263,511 SNPs were analyzed with the Illumina HumanOmni1 Quad v1.0 DNA Analysis BeadChip for cases and Korean HapMap 570K for controls. Results: SNP-based analyses, based on the allele genetic model with adjustment for sex and age showed suggestive associations with BCC risk for 6 SNPs with a P-value (P < 0.0005). However, these associations were not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction: rs1040503, rs2216491, rs13407683, rs4751072, rs9891263, and rs1368474. In addition, results from gene-based analyses showed suggestive associations with BCC risk for 33 candidate genes with a P-value (P <0.0005). Consistent with previous GWAS and replication studies in Caucasian populations, PADI6, RHOU and SLC45A2 were identified as having null associations with BCC (P > 0.05), likely due to the smaller sample size. Conclusions: Although this was a small-scale negative study, to our knowledge, we have conducted the first GWAS for BCC risk in an Asian population. Further large studies in non-Caucasian populations are required to achieve statistical significance and confirm these findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2711-2715
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• 2013

Background: Cancer of the gallbladder is a relatively rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis. The exact mechanisms of its genesis are not known and very little information is available on molecular events leading to labeling this as an orphan cancer. Materials and Methods: In this prospective case control study we evaluated the expression of p16, pRb and cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry to study the G1-S cell-cycle check point and its possible role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. A total of 25 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (group I), 25 with cholelithiasis (group II) and 10 normal controls. were enrolled Results: Cyclin D1 expression was seen in 10 (40%) patients each with carcinoma and cholelithiasis while only in 2 (20%) of the normal gallbladders but differences were not statistically significant (p value=0.488). p16 was expressed in 12% patients of carcinoma of the gallbladder and 28% of cholelithiasis, however this difference was not statistically significant (p value=0.095). Retinoblastoma protein was found to be expressed in 50% of normal gallbladders and 6 (24%) of carcinoma and 8 (32%) of gallstones. The present study failed to demonstrate any conclusive role of cyclin D1/RB/ p16 pathway in carcinoma of the gallbladder. Conclusions: The positive relation observed between tumor metastasis and cyclinD1 expression and p16 with nodal metastasis suggested that higher cyclin D1/p16 expression may act as a predictive biomarker for aggressive behavior of gallbladder malignancies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1107-1110
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• 2013

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), one of the primary liver cancers, is frequent in the northeastern part of Thailand. Surgical resection remains the best method of treatment, but patients suffering from ICC usually present at a late stage of the disease. Studies of survival and prognostic factors after surgery remain rare. The aim here was to evaluate the survival rate and factors affecting the survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after surgery. The study used a retrospective cohort design. The subjects were 73 consecutive patients with ICC, who were admitted for surgery to Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, during the period 2005-2009. The censoring date was 31 December, 2011, data being evaluated using uni- and multivariate analyses. Postoperative survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. The total follow-up time was 99 person-years. The total number of deaths was 59, giving a mortality rate of 59 per 100 person-years. The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 52.1%, 21.7%, and 11.2%, respectively. The median duration of survival after resection was 12.4 months. Univariate analysis revealed stage of disease, lymph node metastasis, histological type, histological grade and macroscopic classification to be statistically significant (p-value<0.05) prognostic factors. In the multivariate analysis, only macroscopic classification was statistically significant (p-value<0.05). In conclusion, macroscopic classification was the only independent factor found to be significantly associated with survival following surgical treatment of ICC.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.101-108
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• 2016

Concentrations of Chromium(Cr) and Manganese(Mn) in several kinds of dewatered organic sewage sludges generated from wastewater treatment plants of Pocheon City, Gyeongii Province were examined. In addition, bioaccumulations of Cr and Mn in the body of earthworm Eisenia fetida were also investigated by changing of feed sludge amounts. Cr and Mn concentrations in sludges were in the range of 0.0~0.3 mg/kg and 3.6~17.6 mg/kg, respectively, which would not cause acute toxicities to earthworm population. Cr was bioaccumulated in the earthworm body but bioaccumulation was not proportional to the amount of sludges supplied. The degree of bioaccumulation of Cr decreased in later phase as the supplied amounts of sludges increased. Meanwhile, there were rare bioaccumulation with regard to Mn. In this study, the value ranges of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for Mn were 0.00~0.12 when 60g of sludges was supplied. In the case of Cr, the value of BAF was 19.33 when 60g of human manure sludge was provided.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.15-29
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• 2003

This thesis suggests a R&D model for Korean SI companies who aggressively drive oversea business to overcome domestic market limitation and to become world class SI players. Even though there have been a lot of discussions on IT technologies and new business models, scientific approach to a R&D model for SI companies is rare due to its natural distinctiveness from manufacturing and general service domain. Therefore, this will be a flagship thesis to keep up our study. As business market environment gets more competitive, major Korean SI players will be confronted with much more keen competition among themselves. And as they are willing to expand their oversea market presence, they can not help struggling against global SI players. So, here we are presenting SI players the reinforcement of R&D as one of the key components to build up their own core competencies. That is, SI players have to adopt and evaluate fast changing and complicated IT technologies at the right time, and to apply them into a real business with cost-effective service delivery and operation processes internally. The ultimate purpose of all of these activities is to offer a SI company the value added business model based on its innovative technical capabilities and well refined service deliver model. For this purpose, we suggests, SI company's R&D has to play an important role of emerging technology verification/evaluation/utilization, value added business model creation, future innovation lead, standard body participation, and effective service delivery and quality system development. To become a more effective R&D organization, hybrid R&D, in which central R&D and divisional sub R&D work together, is considered as an idea model. The reliability of the R&D model for Korean SI companies', here we suggest, has been checked by SI companies R&D specialists and on-site business people.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.705-712
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• 2000

In this study, the dispersion stability of CeO2 based complex oxide was studied, and density, porosity, and microstructure of green body were investigated using colloid surface chemistry to manufacture the Gd2O3 doped CeO2 solid electrolyte in an aqueous system. To prepare the stable slurry for slip casting, the dispersion stability was examined as a function of pH using ESA(electrokinetic sonic anplitude) analysis. The dynamic mobility of particles was enhanced with anionic and cationic dispersant were added the amount of 0.5wt% respectively, but pH value in slurries didn't move to below 6.0 because of the influence of dopants. This phenomenon also appeared in the CeO2-Y2O3 and CeO2-Sm2O3 systems, so it could be inferred that rare earth dopants such as Gd2O3, Sm2O3 and Y2O3 not only have the similar motion with changing pH in an aqueous system but also can be dissolved in the range of pH 6.0∼6.5. In CeO2-Gd2O3 system, when the anionic dispersant was added the amount of 0.5wt% and pH value in slurries was fixed at 9.5, the green body density was 4.07g/㎤, and the relative density of sintered body was 95.2%. It could be inferred from XRD analysis that Gd3+ substituted into Ce4+ site because there was no free Gd2O3 peak.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.619-624
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• 2005

Patency of the radial artery plays an important role in the survival of radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap and artery conduit of coronary artery bypass graft procedure. Even though Allens' test has been used for evaluating the patency of radial artery, the studies on the correlations between risk factors for atherosclerosis and histopathologic findings of radial arteries are rare, until now. Therefore, the authors investigated the correlations between these two factors, and tried to estimate the feasibility of the radial artery in high-risk groups for artherosclerosis. The risk factors for atherosclerosis and lipid profiles were investigated in 38 patients by history taking, physical examinations and blood analysis. And 38 cases of segments of vessel were harvested during the elevation of the flap. The degrees of vessel medial sclerosis were estimated by R values(by Kobayashi and colleagues) that is the median value between the thickness of the intima and that of the media. The measured mean R value was $0.210{\pm}0.05$. Thirty one cases belonged to Grade I(R<0.25), 7 cases belong to Grade II(0.25

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.79 no.6
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• pp.348-353
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• 2018

Hepatic pseudolymphoma is a rare benign liver mass that is characterized by proliferation of non-neoplastic lymphocytes extranodally. To the best of our knowledge, only 46 cases have been reported in the English literature. We described the case of a 75-year-old woman with hepatic pseudolymphoma mimicking a hypervascular tumor. After the histological confirmation of the rectal neuroendocrine tumor, CT scan revealed a 1.0 cm-sized, poorly-defined and low-density nodule in the liver. On MRI, the hepatic nodule showed an arterial enhancement and a low-signal intensity on the hepatobiliary phase. On diffusion-weighted imaging, the hepatic nodule showed a high signal intensity on a high b-value. On fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, it revealed a high standardized uptake value nodule. The US showed the hypoechoic nodule and the US-guided biopsy confirmed the hepatic pseudolymphoma.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.459-475
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• 2022

The equal sign and equivalence are the most basic and core concepts in elementary mathematics, but there has been lack of research on how to teach these concepts with textbooks. Given this, this study analyzed elementary mathematics textbooks in terms of three instructional elements (i.e., emphasizing the meaning of the equal sign as a relational symbol, dealing with an equation as an object for reasoning, and using an equation with a missing value). In particular, this study analyzed 10 different mathematics textbook series that are newly used in 2022 and examined the overall trends and characteristics for teaching the equal sign and equivalence. The results of this study showed that the activities emphasizing the meaning of the equal sign as a relational symbol were most noticeable but the activities dealing with an equation as an object for reasoning or using an equation with a missing value were relatively rare. Based on the results of the analysis, this study provides textbook writers with implications on what to further consider in covering the equal sign and equivalence.