• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2008

Purpose: Chondroblastoma is a rare benign bone tumor which occurs most frequently at epiphysis of long bones. This study analyzed the difference between patients with chondroblastoma either on their epiphysis or apophysis. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 19 patients with chondroblastoma who visited our hospital from August 1987 to August 2005. The mean follow up period was five years. Fifteen patients were male and 4 patients were female. The mean age of the patients was 17.6 years. The treatment consisted of either curettage alone, curettage with bone graft or curettage with cementation. We retrospectively compared the difference between one chondroblastoma originating from the epiphysis and the other chondroblastoma originating from the apophysis in terms of age predilection, duration of symptoms, size of tumor, status of the physis, presence of pathologic fracture, recurrence rate and accompanying aneurismal bone cyst. Results: Among the 19 patients, 11 patients had chondroblastoma at the epiphysis, and 8 at the apophysis. Distal femur was the most common site for epiphysis lesions while the greater trochanter was the most common site for lesions arising at the apophysis. The mean age was 14.2 years in the epiphysis group and 22.3 years in the apophysis group. Chondroblastoma occurred after closure of the physis in 3 out of 11 cases in the epiphysis group and in all 8 cases in the apophysis group showing a statistical significance between the groups in terms of status of the physis at onset. Size of the lesion was bigger in the apophysis group with statistical significance. Conclusion: Chondroblastoma is known to occur frequently at the epiphysis of long bones, but our study shows that in patients over 20 years old it occurs more frequently at the apophysis which needs to be considered when making the proper diagnosis. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the age of occurrence, status of physis and size of tumor while there was none in terms of the duration of symptoms, presence of pathologic fracture, recurrence rate and presence of accompanying aneurismal bone cyst.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2009

Purpose: Giant cell tumor of the spine is very rare, and the treatment is very difficult. However, surgical techniques and diagnostic modalities are developed, and postoperative functional results are improved. To evaluate the efficacy of total spondylectomy for giant cell tumor of the spine, the clinical results of the surgical treatments for the giant cell tumor of the spine with intralesional curettage or total spondylectomy were evaluated. Materials and Methods: From April 1987 to March 2006, 10 patients who were underwent surgical treatments using total spondylectomy or intralesional curettage were studied. There were 3 men and 7 women. The mean age of the patients was 32 years (range, 25~44 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 8 years (range, 3~15 years). Locations of the tumor were 2 cervical spines, 4 thoracic spines, 2 lumbar spines and 2 sacrum. Initial main symptom of 10 patients was pain, and 7 patients had neurologic impairments too. Four patients were treated with total spodylectomy using anterior and posterior combined approach, 1 patient was treated with total sacrectomy using posterior approach only, and 5 patients were treated with intralesional curettage using anterior approach. Results: Nine patients improved pain and neurologic impairments. Local recurrences developed in 4(40%) patients (2 cervical spines, 1 thoracic spine, 1 sacrum). While a local recurrence developed from 5 total spondylectomy, 3 local recurrences developed from 5 intralesional curettage. Conclusion: Local recurrence rate after surgical treatment with intralesional curettage for the giant cell tumor of the spine was very high. Total spondylectomy using anterior and posterior approach is advisable to prevent the local recurrence after surgical treatment.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

The Low Birth Weight infant birth rate in this country is a little more than 15 percent and is being increased. The survival rate of Low Birth Weight infant is over 90 percent and recently the rate runs is getting. However, because of the high risk of Low Birth Weight infant for handicap in growth, a preventive nursing intervention program for Low Birth Weight infant and their mother is considered to be necessary. Touch and massage, thus sensory stimulation has been considered to be important ensuring a normal growth of Low Birth Weight infant During the past decades sensory stimulation program has been used for premature and Low Birth Weight infants. Recently a study on the sensory stimulation for Low Birth Weight infants has bee n done in this country. Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's development. Especially, mother and infant interaction during one year after birth plays important role in child's social. affective and cognitive developments. But in the study of Low Birth Weight infants, the mother and infant interaction has been rare yet. However, there was no study effectiveness of the sensory stimulation on mother and infant interaction. In this respect, this study based on the importance of the nursing intervention, is intended to measure the effectiveness of the massage therapy in the aspects of weight, daily feeding amount, cortisolurine stress hormone and mother and infant interactions. This study has been conducted on the nonequivalent control group pretestposttest design in quasi experimental basis and Low Birth Weight infants from NICU of two Medical University Hospitals located in Taegu Metropolitan were selected in experimental group of 21 infants and control group of 20 infants. Data has been collected from May 1, 1999 to September 5, 2000. For the experimental group Field's sensory stimulation(tactile and kinesthetic stimulation) was applied 2 times a day for 10 days(10:00 - 11:00 hours in the morning and 19:00 - 20:00 in the afternoon) by nurse and mother. The electronic indicator scale (Cas Co. Korea) was used to measure infant's body weight. To determine urine cortisol concentration level under stress, rad immuno assay method was used. And to determine mother and infant interactions during feeding, tools developed by Kim Mi-Ye (1999) were used. Collected data were analyzed with SAS program using x-test, t-test, paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Findings were as follows : 1. For the daily mean weight gain, the experimental group showed little higher than the control group, even though, there was no Statistically significant differences between two groups. 2. For the amount of daily mean feeding, the experimental group showed little higher than the control group, while there was no Statistically significant differences between two groups. 3. The level of wine cortisol concentration was increased in both groups, while no Statistical significance was shown between the two groups. 4. Mothers in experimental group were more likely to have higher mean scores in mother and infant interaction during feeding than mothers in the control group. Statistical significance was shown between the two groups(t= 5.78, P=.001). In conclusion, the massage therapy in this study showed with regard to even though through there was no statistically significance in the weight gain and urine stress hormone concentration. there was Statistical significantly higher in the mother and infant interaction during feeding. Based on the result of this study, it is considered that the massage therapy should be applied clinical practice and home to help a developmental growth and interaction of Low Birth Weight infants and mothers during the period of recovery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.831-836
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• 2007

Background: Cardiac injuries are the most commonly overlooked injuries in patients who die from trauma. Patients who survive blunt cardiac rupture or penetrating injuries are rare and the incidence is not well defined. Many patients require urgent or emergency operations and operative mortality is very high. Material and Method: A retrospective review of 26 patients with cardiac injuries due to thoracic trauma undergoing emergency thoracotomy from January 1997 to December 2005. Result: There were 17 male and 9 female patients, with a mean age of $45.3{\pm}16.2\;(range:\;17{\sim}80)$. Thirteen patients (50%) were injured in motor vehicle accidents, and five patients (19%) in motorcycle accidents. Six patients (23%) were injured by knives, and two patients (8%) were injured by falling. Anatomic injuries included right atrium (12 [46%]), left atrium (1 [4%]), right ventricle (5 [19%]), left ventricle (5 [19%]), and cardiac chambers (2 [7%]). Diagnosis was made by computer tomography in 12 patients and sonography in 14 patients. The average times from admission to operating room was $89.2{\pm}86.7\;min\;(range:\;10{\sim}335)$. The average time for diagnosis was $51.3{\pm}13.6\;min\;(range:\;5{\sim}280)$. The mean Revised Trauma Score (RTS) was $6.7{\pm}0.8$, and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), was $12.8{\pm}2.8$. The overall mortality rate was 12% (3 out of 26 patients). Conclusion: The mortality rate from cardiac injury is very high. The survival rate can be increased only by a high index of suspicion, aggressive expeditious diagnostic evaluation, and prompt appropriate surgical management.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.862-868
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• 1997

Shone's syndrome is a congenital cardiac malformation that consists of multiple levels of left heart obstruction including supravalvular mitral ring, congenital mitral stenosis(parachute mitral valve), subaortic stenosis, and coarctation of aorta. This syndrome is a very rare congenital anomaly and its prognosis is poor. We experienced 9 patients with Shone's syndrome between 1985 and 1994. There were 8 male and 1 female patients, and mean age was 33.0$\pm$31.0 months ranged from 2 months to 1 1 years. The congenital mitral, stenosis and coarctation of aorta existed in all patients and the supravalvular mitral ring and subaortic stenosis in 4 patients. Two patients had all four anatomic lesions. 3 patients underwent one stage total correction and the other 6 patients underwent two staged operation that was initial coarctoplasty with thoracotomy and later correction of intracardiac anomalies with median sternotomy. A third operation was performed in 2 patients. These procedures included reoperation for coarctation and replacement of mitral valve for persistent mitral stenosis. There was no operative death at the first operation but two operative deaths at the second operation. The cause of death in two cases was severe heart failure secondary to left ventricular hypoplasia. There was no operative death at the third operation. The seven survivors have beeli followed from 11 months to 12 years(mean follow-up 6.7 $\pm$ 3.6 years). There was no late death and the New York HeArt Association activity level was class I for all patients. We conclude that a food lone-term outcome can be expected by proper surgical treatment tailred to each individual's anatomy and pathophysiology although the operative mortality and morbidity of Shone's syndrome are high.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.565-573
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• 1998

Malignant pleural effusions are most commonly associated with lung cancers, however, it also can be resulted from breast cancers, ovarian cancers, stomach cancers and so on. According to the their histologic types, adenocarcinoma have been known as the most common cell type of malignant pleural effusions and squamous cell carcinoma is rare. We herein present incidences, clinical characteristics and survivals of malignant pleural effusions according to their cell types and primary diseases. The objects are 84 malignant pleural effusion patients diagnosed by pleural fluid cytologic examination or pleural biopsy from Jan. 1992 to May. 1997 in Seoul National University Hospital. A retrospective chart review on their histologic types, biochemical parameters and survivals is described. Among 84 patients, 52 were males and the other 32 were females with 1.6:1 of male and female ratio and their mean age was 57.6 years old. Common symptoms of them wele dyspnea, cough, sputum and pleuritic chest pain. The proportions of bloody nature of effusion, lymphocyte dominant pleural effusion, exudative effusions were 66%, 39% and 93%, respectively. They consisted of 54 cases of adenocarcinoma(33 cases of them were lung cancers), and 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (8 cases of them were lung cancers), 10 cases of malignant lymphoma, 8 cases of small cell lung cancer and a case of mesothelioma and leukemia. There was no differences in characteristics of effusions, clinical features and survivals between each histologic cell types. Analyzing them according to primary diseases, no difference except longer survivals in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer than from other cancers was observed. In conclusion, considering the incidences of histologic types of lung cancers during same period (squamous cell carcinoma; 47%, adenocarcinoma; 33%, small cell lung cancer; 12% and large cell carcinoma; 2%), malignant pleural effusions more likely occurred in adenocarcinoma than other cell types of lung cancers and there was no significant difference of clinical characteristics between histologic types.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.292-301
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• 2001

The ichthyofauna and fish community of the Gap stream water system were studied at 17 sites from March to December, 2000. It was confirmed the presence of 36 species,29 genera in 8 families. Twenty-five species in Cyprinidae was accounted for 69.4% of the total, four species in Cobitidae 11.1% of the total species number. The dominant species in the Gap stream water system was Zacco platypus (relative abundant 52.0%), the subdominant species was Carassius auratus (9.2%). The major dominant species in the each tributary of the Gap stream water system were Zacco platypus (Daejeon stream, 87.0%; Yoodeung stream, 41.5%; Gap stream, 47.5%). Number of Korean endemic species was 12 species in the Gap stream water system and that was a 24.5% of the total Korean endemic species. Ten rare species accounted for less than 0.3% of the total individual numbers. The mean species dominance, diversity and evenness indices of the fish community from the Daejeon stream were 0.76, 0.25 and 0.28, respectively: from the Yoodeong stream, 0.20, 0.65 and 0.83, respectively; from the Gap stream, 0.25, 0.83 and 0.77, respectively. The fish community of the Yoodeung stream was showed closer relationship to that of the Gap stream than to that of the Daejeon stream.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.550-555
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• 1997

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (V. cholerae non-O1) was previously called nonagglutinable or noncholera vibrios, since it fails to react with polyvalent O1 antisera. This organism is biochemically and genetically indistinguishable from V. cholerae O1 except serological difference. V. cholerae non-O1 strains are often detected in the environment including bays, estuaries, and fresh water, and also found in food. Therefore it is designated food borne bacterium in Japan. However, research papers on V. cholerae non-O1 are very rare in Korea. In order to investigate bacteriological characteristics of V. cholerae non-O1, we isolated V. cholerae non-O1 from the environmental sea water. Among the isolated V. cholerae non-O1 strains, we selected the strain which had the most strong hemolytic activity, named as V. cholerae non-O1 FM-3. The optimum growth conditions of V. cholerae non-O1 FM-3 were $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.5 in BHI broth (containing $0.5\%$ sodium chloride), and it grew better than V. cholerae non-O1 ATCC 25872. But both were not able to grow in BHI broth added $5.0\%$ of sodium chloride or adjusted to pH 5.0. According to the experimental results on the susceptibility test against various antibiotics, there were no significant differences between the isolated strain and reference strain (V. cholerae non-O1 ATCC 25872). Most of the antibiotics examined had bacteriostatic action against V. cholerae non-O1 FM-3 while vancomycin, oxacillin, colistin, polymyxin B, and sulfadiazine had no bacteriostatic activity.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was designed to provide the data base for the diagnosis and treatment of the foot tumor by investigation of the clinical and pathological characteristics and distribution of the foot tumor. Materials and Methods: 142 foot tumors of 141 patients were studied. All patients were diagnosed with surgical biopsy. We investigated clinical and pathological characteristics and epidemiologic distribution of the foot tumor by reviewing the medical records and imaging materials. The location of the tumors were classified with zone of Kirby et al. Results: 75 patients were female and 66 were male. The average age of the patients was 33.2 years old. Benign soft tissue tumors were the most as 68 cases, and followed by 57 benign bone tumors, 12 malignant soft tissue tumors and 5 malignant bone tumors. Ganglia were the most in benign soft tissue tumors as 36 cases, subungual exostoses in benign bone tumors as 18, squamous cell carcinomas in malignant soft tissue tumors as 7, and metastatic lung cancers in malignant bone tumors as 2. The rate of pain complaints was the highest in malignant bone tumors, the duration of symptom was longest in benign soft tissue tumors, and the size of the tumor was the biggest in malignant bone tumors. Neurological symptoms were found in only 3 benign soft tissue tumors. For the zonal distribution, zone 5 was the most in 59 cases and zone 4 was the least as 10. The most numbers of the benign bone tumors located in zone 5, of benign soft tissue tumors in zone 1, of malignant bone tumors in zone 1 and 2, and of malignant soft tissue tumors in zone 5. The methods of surgical treatment included intralesional or marginal resection, curettage with or without bone graft, toe amputation, below knee amputation and limb salvage. Conclusion: The tumors of the foot were rare and various, and mostly benign (88%), but we can do proper treatment of those tumors without excluding malignant tumors by considering the age of patients, pain, duration of symptom, size of the tumors, and zonal distribution.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2003

Purpose: To analyse their end results and also to differentiate the single or multiple giant cell tumor(GCT) of tendon sheath in hand. Materials & Methods: Total 21 cases with GCT of tendon sheath in hand were treated surgically and analyzed their end results with clinically, radiologically and pathologically to allowed for average 16 months after surgical excision. Results: The finger flexor tendons, especially on index and ring finger, involving distal interphalangeal joint and mid-phalanges in fourth decades (average age of 47 years old) were frequently involved, and the mass was not exceed than 2 cm in size, fixed on tendon sheath with rubbery hard tenderness but rare bony involvements except 4 cases of bony erosion and cortical perforation. The three cases with multiple GCT of hand was also combined with familial hypercholesterolemia, and are commonly involved the extensor tendons as well as achilles tendons bilaterally, treated with partial excision because of multiplicity. Average 16 months after surgical excision for single GCT cases was followed and showed the recurrence in 3 cases(3/18,16.7%), treated with wide excision. The single and multifocal GCT are similar in pathologic changes but different soft tissue tumors in their pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis. Conclusion: Incomplete excision of GCT of tendon sheath in hand are thought to be the cause of recurrence, especially in cases with incomplete lesional excision, in multilobular and bony involvement etc. So careful wide excision is necessary to prevent the recurrence.