• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2015

This study was performed to compare two opioid drugs with isoflurane and to determine the difference between isoflurane/remifentanil anesthesia and isoflurane/fentanyl anesthesia in terms of the anesthetic effects in beagle dogs. Isoflurane was maintained at 0.5 MAC, and the opioid drug was administered as a constant rate infusion. The anesthesia was maintained for 2 hours, and isoflurane and opioid drugs were discontinued 2 hours later. After discontinuing the anesthetics, the extremity movement time, eye global positioning time, gag reflex time, head up time, sternal recumbency time, standing time, walking time and complete recovery times were recorded for each dog. Both of the studied anesthetic protocols were suitable in beagle dogs because the anesthetic status was well maintained until the end of the procedure, and rapid recovery times were demonstrated in this experiment. And this study shows that the isoflurane/remifentanil group was more reliable than the isoflurane/fentanyl group because the recovery time CV was lower. Therefore, isoflurane/remifentanil combination anesthesia could be a better choice than isoflurane/fentanyl anesthesia if the patient is severely ill and stable recovery time is needed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.857-862
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• 2021

Recently, rapid climate change has had a significant impact on the bee ecosystem. The decrease in the number of bees and the change in the flowering period have a huge impact on the harvesting of beekeepers. Accordingly, attention is focused on smart beekeeping, which introduces IoT technology to beekeeping. According to the characteristics of beekeeping, it is impossible to continuously observe the beehive in the hive with the naked eye, and the condition of the hive is mostly dependent on knowledge from experience. Although a system that can measure partly through sensors such as temperature/humidity change inside the hive and measurement of the amount of CO2 is applied, there is no research on measuring the movement path and amount of movement of bees inside the beehive. Part of the migration of honeybees inside the hive can provide basic information to predict the most important cleavage time in beekeeping. In this study, we propose a device that detects the movement path of bees and measures and records data entering and exiting the hive in real time. The device proposed in this study was developed according to the honeycomb standard of the existing beehive so that beekeeping farms could use it. The development method used a photodetector that can detect the movement of bees to configure 16 movement paths and to detect the movement of bees in real time. If the measured honeybee movement status is utilized, the problem of directly observing the colony with the naked eye in order not to miss the swarming time can be solved.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2016

Two-component epoxy resin is widely used in the cultural heritage restoration field. However according to mixing ratio of resin and hardener, curing property, mechanical strength and chemical structure differ which have possibility to effect the stability of cultural heritage. Result of questionnaire survey shows hands-on workers in the conservation field tend to mix the epoxy resin with his or her eye measurement when the using amount is small or mix additional hardener to shorten the pot life of epoxy resin. This research aims to analyze the curing property, mechanical strength and chemical structure of rapid curing type epoxy resin and medium curing type one depending on relative ratio of 0.25~4 of hardener to resin. When the amount of hardener was 0.5~2 times more than the resin, exothermic heat and curing speed were both increased. In case of included hardener to resin was lower than official ratio, mechanical strength (tensile shear strength, tensile strength and compressive strength) became higher along with active cross-linking bonding of the epoxy resin. Medium curing type epoxy relatively had lower exothermic heat and slower reaction during curing process. It was observed to be put to definite point of mechanical strength under lower content of hardener than official ratio. While, hardener ratio more than twice the resin slowed down the curing greatly and lowered the adhesion strength also. In conclusion, under the lower mixing rate of hardener than official ratio would show relatively fast reaction with similar mechanical strength. Over the official ratio on the other hand, material property drops rapidly. Accordingly, mixing ratio of epoxy resin is expected to be influential to the stability of cultural heritage.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2018

In this study, we developed a sensitive and specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for rapid visual detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) circulated in Korea. The RT-LAMP was completed in 40 min at $62^{\circ}C$ and the results of the assay were directly detected by naked eye without any detection process. The assay specifically amplified all 7 serotypes of FMDV RNAs but not amplified other viral and cellular nucleic acids. The sensitivity of the RT-LAMP was $10^2$, $10^3$ and $10^3TCID_{50}/mL$ for serotype O, A and Asia 1 FMDV, respectively, which was comparable to conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and relatively lower than that of real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Clinical evaluation of the RT-LAMP using different serotypes of Korean and foreign FMDV strains showed a 100% (35/35) agreement with the results of the RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. These results indicated that RT-LAMP assay developed in this study could be a valuable diagnostic method for FMDV monitoring and surveillance.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.368-372
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• 1984

This paper deals with a rapid method for determination of ATP and its related compounds in fish and shellfish products using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The HPLC used is a HPLC/ALC-224 equiped with UV-spectrophotometer (254 nm) as detector and integrator (Yanagimoto system-1000). The column used is a stainless steel tubing ($30.0\;cm{\times}3.9\;mm\;i.d.$) packed with ${\mu}-Bon-dapak\;C_{18}$. A mixture of $1\%$ triethylamine-phosphoric acid(pH6.5) was used as an eluent and the flow rate of the eluent was controlled at 2 ml/min. For the separation of ATP and its related compounds, a standard mixture of ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, inosine and hypoxanthine was subjected to HPLC under the above mentioned conditions. Six peaks were obtained with retention times within 20 min, and elution order were hypoxanthine, IMP, inosine, AMP, ADP and ATP. But 5'-IMP and 5'-GMP fractions were not separated by this method. In generally, IMP content in boiled-dried fish and shellfish products purchased from the market was comparatively higher than that of other nucleotides. Especially, boiled-dried big eye herring marked higher value in IMP content than other boiled-dried ones. Hypoxanthine and inosine were major components of ATP-related compounds in dried products and seasoned-dried ones. And IMP content in seasoned-dried products was higher than that of dried ones. This fact is suggested that a part of IMP in seasoned-dried ones was derived from flavoring matter (MSG, 5'-IMP and 5'-GMP) which is added during the seasoning treatment.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

Purpose: Rapid and accurate assessment of impaired consciousness is very important, especially for critically ill patients. Therefore, the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) has been widely adopted in the assessment of adult and pediatric comas. But the GCS should not be used for small children who show various normal responses according to their developmental stage. Therefore, the objectivity of pediatric coma measurements was verified by applying the modified GCS to patients in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a university hospital in Korea. Methods: The level of consciousness was evaluated for 200 cases who were admitted to a PICU from July 4, 2009 to September 18, 2009 and could show a verbal response, with our modified GCS for children. In addition, and we confirmed the frequency analysis and Kappa statistics with SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: Kappa statistics which show inter-observer reliability were very good for all components (eye opening, verbal, and motor score) and was good for total GCS scores. Conclusion: It is concluded that our modified GCS is reliable. Therefore, reliable assessment for the level of consciousness is clinically practicable if enough training is supported.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.406-414
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• 2001

In recent decade, there has been a very rapid development in technical possibilities to provide patients with maxillofacial prostheses. Dr. Brenemark first introduced possibility of use of maxillofacial interosseous implant in patients with ablative tumor surgery in 1979. He did introduce the new type of maxillofacial implants system which widen the fixture flange on top of the bone. The advantages of fixed prostheses with implants were well known to various ways, easy to attach, keep clean prostheses, and not to disturb recipient bed. But there are some problems to install implants on maxillofacial regions, because mostly facial bone has very thin cortical bone and poor bone quality. It needs more retention between implant and bone which overcome that fault with fixture flange. To make maxillofacial prostheses, it should be understood general procedure of maxillofacial laboratory work. Ear and midface maxillofacial fabrication which include nose and eye defects will be described step by step.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1529-1529
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• 2001

The watercore in apple is very important factor in storage and sorting of fruit. Most consumers tend to prefer the apple included watercore in immediately after harvest, however the watercore causes fruit flesh to brown during storage and lose the worth after all. But it is practically impossible to judge to the naked eye whether an apple has watercore or not. Therefore, the rapid, accurate and non-destructive analysis method for discrimination of watercore should be settled without delay. In this study we attempted the discrimination and quantitative analysis of watercore in apple fruit using near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy ‘Fuji’ apple fruits produced in Kyungpook of Korea was used in this experiment. The watercore content in apple was evaluated by graphic treatment of culled slice sections(10 mm). NIR transmittance spectra were collected over the 500 to 1000 nm spectral region with a spectrometer (Sentronic Co., Germany). The calibration models were carried out by partial least squares (PLS) analysis between NIR spectra data of apples and chemical data of watercore content. The spectra were different in absorbance between apple included watercore and not included one. Apple included watercore had higher absorption band than sample not included one at 732 and 820 nm. The calibration model seems to be accurate to predict the watercore content in apple fruit, the correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.99 and 0.93%, respectively. This result indicates that the PLSR calibration model by using NIR transmittance spectroscopy could be used for discrimination of watercore in apple fruit.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1473-1477
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• 2007

Four-and-a-half LIM-only protein 3 (FHL3) is a member of the LIM protein superfamily and can participate in mediating protein-protein interaction by binding one another through their LIM domains. In this study, the 5'- and 3'- cDNA ends were characterized by RACE (Rapid Amplification of the cDNA Ends) methodology in combination with in silico cloning based on the partial cDNA sequence obtained. Bioinformatics analysis showed FHL3 protein contained four LIM domains and four LIM zinc-binding domains. In silico mapping assigned this gene to the gene cluster MTF1-INPP5B-SF3A3-FHL3-CGI-94 on pig chromosome 6 where several QTL affecting intramuscular fat and eye muscle area had previously been identified. Transcription of the FHL3 gene was detected in spleen, liver, kidney, small intestine, skeletal muscle, fat and stomach, with the greatest expression in skeletal muscle. The A/G polymorphism in exon II was significantly associated with birth weight, average daily gain before weaning, drip loss rate, water holding capacity and intramuscular fat in a Landrace-derived pig population. Together, the present study provided the useful information for further studies to determine the roles of FHL3 gene in the regulation of skeletal muscle cell growth and differentiation in pigs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2012

We studied the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, memantine, on sleep-wake architecture in rats. Screw electrodes were chronically implanted into the frontal and parietal cortex for the electroencephalography (EEG). EEG was recorded with a bio-potential amplifier for 8 h from 09:30 to 17:30. Vibration was recorded to monitor animal activity with a vibration measuring device. Sleep-wake states such as wake (W), slow-wave sleep (S) and paradoxical or rapid eye movement sleep (P), were scored every 10 sec by an experimenter. We measured mean episode duration and number of episode to determine which factor sleep disturbance was attributed to. Donepezil and memantine showed a significant increase in total W duration and decreases in total S and P duration and delta activity. Memantine showed increases in sleep latency and motor activity. Changes of S and P duration in memantine were attributed from changes of mean episode duration. Galantamine had little effect on sleep architecture. From these results, it is showed that galantamine may be an anti-dementia drug that does not cause sleep disturbances and memantine may be a drug that causes severe sleep disturbance.