• 한국포장학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2003

The pure $TiO_2$ particles have been prepared in vapor-phase hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide(TTIP). The rate of TTIP hydrolysis was so fast that the overall rate of formation of $TiO_2$ was controlled by the rate of mixing of TTIP and $H_2O$. Thus, the primary $TiO_2$ particles were prepared in nano sizes to form chainlike aggregates due to rapid coagulation. The pure $TiO_2$ particles as prepared were amorphous at the reactor set temperatures below $400^{\circ}C$ and became anatase at the temperatures of $450^{\circ}C$ above while the weak rutile peaks were also observed above $800^{\circ}C$. The actual size of primary particles as prepared were reduced by increasing the reactor set temperature while their crystalline sizes as well as BET sizes increased by post-sintering.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2010

A new High Frequency Induction Heating (HFIH) process has been developed to fabricate dense $Al_2O_3$ reinforced with Fe-Ni magnetic metal dispersion particles. The process is based on the reduction of metal oxide particles immediately prior to sintering. The synthesized $Al_2O_3$/Fe-Ni nanocomposite powders were formed directly from the selective reduction of metal oxide powders, such as NiO and $Fe_2O_3$. Dense $Al_2O_3$/Fe-Ni nanocomposite was fabricated using the HFIH method with an extremely high heating rate of $2000^{\circ}C/min$. Phase identification and microstructure of nanocomposite powders and sintered specimens were determined by X-ray diffraction and SEM and TEM, respectively. Vickers hardness experiment were performed to investigate the mechanical properties of the $Al_2O_3$/Fe-Ni nanocomposite.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2014

본 연구는 순환자원인 저회, 잔사회 그리고 준설토로 인공 경량골재를 제조할 때 철분의 종류와 양이 발포기구에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 원료의 화학적 특성을 X선 회절 분석과 X선 형광 분석으로 측정하였다. 준설토 50 %, 저회 15 % 그리고 잔사회 35 %를 무게비로 혼합하고 철분함량을 5 % 단위로 30 %까지 첨가하였으며, 철분의 종류는 $Fe_2O_3$와 $Fe_3O_4$로 선정하였다. 성형된 골재는 급속 소성법으로 $40^{\circ}C$ 간격으로 $1060^{\circ}C$에서 $1180^{\circ}C$까지 소결하고, 비중과 흡수율을 측정하였다. 인공 경량골재는 철분 함유량이 10~15 %일 때 가장 낮은 비중을 보이며, 철분량이 증가할수록 액상 소결이 되어 비중이 증가하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.666-672
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• 2006

GDC20($Ce_{0.8}Gd_{0.2}O_{1.9}$) powder was synthesized by oxalate co-precipitation and milling and its thermal decomposition, phase formation, and sinterability were investigated. As-prepared precipitates were non-crystalline due to the milling process and completely decomposed at 400$^{\circ}C$ The powder calcined at 800$^{\circ}C$ for 2 h contained fine p]sty particles with an average size of 0.69 $\mu$m. Attrition milling of the calcined powder for 2 h had a little milling effect, resulting in a slight decrease in the particle size to 0.45 $\mu$m. The milled powder consisted of small spherical primary particles and some large particles, which had been agglomerated during calcination. Due to the excellent sinterability of the powder, sintering of the powder compacts for 4 h showed relative densities of 78.7% at 1000$^{\circ}C$ and 97.8% at 1300$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Densification was found to almost complete at temperature above 1200$^{\circ}C$ and a dense and homogeneous microstructure was obtained. A rapid grain growth occurred between 1200$^{\circ}C$ and 1300$^{\circ}C$. Grains in 0.1$\sim$0.5 $\mu$m sizes at 1200$^{\circ}C$ grew to 0.2$\sim$2 $\mu$m and their size distribution became broader at 1300$^{\circ}C$.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 1996

The Mg-PSZ/$Al_2O_3$ fibers were fabricated by the sol-gel method. The added $Al_2O_3$ amounts were varied from 5 to 20 mol%. The phase transformation studies of a drawn Mg-PSZ/$Al_2O_3$ fibers were investigated by use of X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Microstructure and tensile strength of fibers were subjected to scanning electron microscopy and tensile strength tester. When $Al_2O_3$ was added to the Mg-PSZ fibers, it was found out from the analysis of XRD patterns and Raman spectra that a small amount of crystalline spinel($MgAl_2O_4$) started to form due to the reaction between $Al_2O_3$ and MgO, at $1000^{\circ}C$, and the phase transformation temperature of $ZrO_2$ crystal phase at different sintering temperatures increased. Also, the rapid grain growth with average size of 2.0 ${\mu}m$ shown in Mg-PSZ fiber at $1500^{\circ}C$ was considerably suppressed to 0.39 ${\mu}m$ by adding $Al_2O_3$ at the same temperature. When the Mg-PSZ/$Al_2O_3$ fibers containing 5 mol% $Al_2O_3$ were sintered $800^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr, average tensile strength of fibers was 0.9 GPs at diameters of 20 to 30 ${\mu}m$, but as the sintering temperatures was increased to $1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr, average tensile strength of fibers increased to 1.2 GPa in the same diameter range.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2008

The investigation is to modify the mechanical and chemical properties of Mg alloys using a combination of rapid solidification and surface treatment. As the first approach, $Mg_{95}Zn_{4.3}Y_{0.7}$ was gas atomized and pressure sintered by spark plasma sintering process (SPS), showing much finer microstructure and higher strength than the alloys as cast. Further modification was performed by treating the surface of PM Mg specimen using Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process. During the PEO processing, MgO layer was initiated to form on the surface of Mg powder compacts, and the thickness and the density of MgO layer were varied with the reaction time. The thickening rate became low with the reaction time due to the limited diffusion rate of Mg ions. The surface morphology, corrosion behavior and wear resistance were also discussed.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.508-512
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• 1998

마이크로파(2.45GHz) 에너지를 이용한 소결법으로 $1100^{\circ}C$~$1300^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 반도체 세라믹스인 $Mn_3O_4{\cdot}Co_3O_4{\cdot}3NiO$ 조성의 NTC 서미스터를 소결하였으며, 그 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 소결온도가 높아질수록 소결밀도가 높은 치밀한 소결체를 얻을 수 있었으며, 25~$85^{\circ}C$ 범위의 온도변화에 따른 전기저항변화 특성으로부터 구한 비저항 $B_{25^{\circ/85^{\circ}}$ 정수는 3100~3200K이었다. 마이크로파 하이브리드, 소결법으로 소결된 시편과 일반소결법으로 소결된 시편을 비교하면 소결특성과 전기적물성에서 비슷한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 마이크로파 에너지를 이용한 소결공정은 20분 안에 완료되는 짧은 시간의 급속소결법으로 공정 시간과 에너지를 크게 절감할 수 있었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1998

EAF dust 처리를 위해 RAPID system으로 명명된 Extended Arc Plasma Furnace 공정개발의 기초자료를 확보하기 위해서 EAF dust 처리공정의 초기반응 단계에서 코크스에 의한 EAF dust의 고욘열적거동을 조사하였다. 실험조건은 반응기내의 온도를 1000, 1100, 1200 및 130$0^{\circ}C$로 변화시키고, 각각의 반응온도에 대해서 반응시간이 3, 5, 8 및 12분인 경우에 석회석의 소성, EAF dust 자체의 열분해, EAF dust 혼합시료의 환원 및 휘발거동을 파악하였다. RAPID system에서 EAF dust의 용융 및 환원에 적합한 탄소환원 당량 180%와 염기도 1.7를 고려하여 혼합시료(EAF dust: 코크스 : 석회석=80:10:10 wt%)를 제조하였으며, 각 시료의 크기는 약 0.1mm 이하로써 입도분포는 200 mesh 이하가 80%를 나타내고 있다. 석회석의 소성은 $1100^{\circ}C$이상에서 3분이내에 완결되었으며, EAF dust 자체를 열분해시켰을 경우 $1300^{\circ}C$ 및 12분인 경우에 약 14%의 무게감량이 일어났고, 일부 입자들의 부분적인 소결 및 용융현상이 관찰되었다. EAF dust 혼합시료는 초기 반응단계에서 반응온도 및 반응시간이 증가함에 따라서 무게 감량폭이 더 증가하였으며, $1300^{\circ}C$ 및 12분인 경우에 46%이 무게감량이 일어났다 이와 같이 EAF dust의 휘발 및 환원 거동에 관련된 무게감량 정보는 공정내에서 EAF dust의 처리시간을 결정하여 주고 궁극적으로 대용량의 전기로 분진처리 공정 설계시 전기로 분진의 처리량을 결정하는 주요인자중의 하나로써 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.495-501
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• 2014

Despite having many attractive properties, $ZrO_2$ ceramic has a low fracture toughness which limits its wide application. One of the most obvious tactics to improve its mechanical properties has been to add a reinforcing agent to formulate a nanostructured composite material. Nanopowders of $ZrO_2$ and Cr were synthesized from $CrO_3$ and Zr powder by high energy ball milling for 10 h. Dense nanocrystalline $2/3Cr-ZrO_2$ composite was consolidated by a high-frequency induction heated sintering method within 5 min at $600^{\circ}C$ from mechanically synthesized powder. The method was found to enable not only rapid densification but also the inhibition of grain growth, preserving the nano-scale microstructure. Highly dense $2/3Cr-ZrO_2$ composite with relative density of up to 99.5% was produced under simultaneous application of a 1 GPa pressure and the induced current. The hardness and fracture toughness of the composite were 534 kg/mm2 and $7MPa{\cdot}m1/2$, respectively. The composite was determined to have good biocompatibility.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.362-368
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• 2009

Ti scaffolds with a three-dimensional porous structure were successfully fabricated using powder metallurgy and modified rapid prototyping (RP) process. The fabricated Ti scaffolds showed a highly porous structure with interconnected pores. The porosity and pore size of the scaffolds were in the range of 66$\sim$72% and $300\sim400\;\mu$m, respectively. The sintering of the fabricated scaffolds under the vacuum caused the Ti particles to bond to each other. The strength of the scaffolds depended on the layering patterns. The compressive strength of the scaffolds ranged from 15 MPa to 52 MPa according to the scaffolds' architecture. The alkali treatment of the fabricated scaffolds in an aqueous NaOH solution was shown to be effective in improving the bioactivity. The surface of the alkali-treated Ti scaffolds had a nano-sized fibre-like structure. The modified surface showed a good apatite forming ability. The apatite was formed on the surface of the alkali treated Ti scaffolds within 1 day. The thickness of the apatite increased when the soaking time in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution increased. It is expected that the surface modification of Ti scaffolds by alkali treatment could be effective in forming apatites in vivo and can subsequently enhance bone formation.