• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.323-328
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• 2002

Rapid set accelerators are widely used in tunnel construction, however quality criteria of and dosage are not well established. The density and solid content of admixtures, setting time and compressive strength of paste and mortar with admixtures were investigated to establish the quality criteria. While the early strength of mortar with sodium-silicate, sodium-aluminate and calcium aluminate type admixtures that have high alkali content are very high, but long-term strength are low. Aggregates of shotcrete has to be carefully selected. Sodium-silicate type admixture need longer setting time than the others.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1029-1034
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is to develop rapid setting cement latex modified concrete (RSLMC) which will be used to overlay bridge deck for maintaining and repairing. The main experimental variables were the types of rapid setting cement and variation of latex and antifoam agent contents were selected as admixture factor, then the properties of workability and strength development and durability properties were investigated. The results of this study show that latex content give increment of a slump due to surface tension in polymer particles and reduce unit weight of water for preservation of workability. In addition, When no and 1.6~3.2% antifoam agent were mixed, 8%, 2.0~3.8% were respectively obtained. An increasing the amount of latex produced concrete with increased flexural strength, but with slightly lower compressive strength. Rapid chloride permeability and freezing-thawing test carried out. As a results, according to increment of containing ratio antifoamer, strength of RSLMC increase, permeability showed lower value than ignorable 100 coulombs. Also, in the case of more than antifoamer 1.6%, the relativity dynamic modulus is mantained more than 90%, but in case of 0, 5%, it decrease. In consequence, with the view of strength and workability of RSLMC, it is considered that appropriate content ratio of antifoam agent and latex solid are respectively 1.6% by latex weight, 15% by cement weight.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.210-211
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• 2017

According to KS F 2560, water-reducing agents used when mixing concrete are to undergo quality evaluation testing slump, air contents, setting time, etc., when delivered from the admixture factory to the ready mixed concrete site. Yet in actual acceptance testing this could be substituted by the score report of the admixture company, in which a possibility of low reliability lies. Therefore this study sought to analyze whether by artificially changing the solid content rate of lignin- and naphthalene-based water-reducing agents and using a liquid densimeter evaluate the quality of the admixture. The results showed that the Type B liquid densimeter was most appropriate and 50cc the most appropriate capacity for the mass cylinder. Also, judging from the changes in density and pH according to the changes in solid content rate, it concludes that a rapid appraisal of the quality of lignin- and naphthalene-based water-reducing agents would be possible using a Type B liquid densimeter.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집(II)
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• pp.297-300
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• 1998

Usually the flowing concrete manufactured upon normal-mixed base concrete would segregate due to the less of fine particle content. In the previous studies, a new type admixture(liquid segregation reducing type superplasticizer) has been developed to prevent such segregation without modification of base concrete mixture. In this study, the tests are performed in laboratory to evaluate the admixture by analyzing the properties of flowing concrete with different water to cement ratios, so that it could be used in the fields. According to the results, this kind of superplasticizer could improve the fluidity of concrete without causing segregation. However, it seems to be more desirable of the superplasticizer could be adjusted, before it is put into the practical use, not to cause some other problems such as rapid rate of slump and air loss and retarding of setting time.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2007

Fluidity, setting time, hydration heat, bond water ratio, compressive strength, SEM and BET of OPC were measured by adding 1.0 wt% KCl and replacing 20 wt% mineral admixture in order to examine effects of blast furnace slag (BFS), limestone powder (LSP), and fly ash (FA) on fluidity and strength development of the cement contained much chloride. In general, the cement contained much chloride was high in heat of hydration, short in its setting time, low in its fluidity and low in its strength at 28 days due to the rapid hydration in its initial stage. As a result of the experiment, it has been demonstrated that fluidity became improved but the compressive strength at 28 days was decreased as replaced LSP to the cement contained much chloride. the fluidity and compressive strength at 28 days was improved as replaced BFS, the initial compressive strength development was improved due to the activation of initial reaction by KCl. Fluidity, initial compressive strength and late compressive strength at 28 days of cement contained much chloride replaced 5 wt% LSP and 15 wt% BFS concurrently was better than OPC, but the hydration heat was lower.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.731-734
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• 2004

Admixture compounds for reducing setting time and accelerating early strength development of redispersible polymer powder-modified mortars were made by mixing various inorganic accelerating inorganic materials. Redispersible polymer powder-modified mortars are prepared with various accelerator contents, and it was tested for setting time, flexural and compressive strengths. As a result, the accelerators contribute to strength development of the mortars in the early curing age of 12h or less. In the viewpoint of early strength development of redispersible polymer powder-modified mortars, an accelerator content of $20\%$ is recommended.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 전기로 환원슬래그를 시멘트 혼화재로 이용하였을 때의 전기로 환원슬래그의 수화반응 특성과 압축강도 특성을 연구하였다. 전기로 환원슬래그에는 17.1%의 f-CaO 및 속경성 클링커 광물인 37.1%의 $C_{11}A_7CaF_2$와 21.0%의 $Ca_3A$가 함유되어 있었다. 보통 포틀랜드시멘트(OPC, Ordinary Portland Cement)에 전기로 환원슬래그를 30%까지 치환할 경우, 초결 및 종결시간이 각각 305분과 425분에서 10분과 30분으로 단축되는 급결성을 보였다. OPC에 전기로 환원슬래그의 치환량이 7%까지 증가됨에 따라 혼합시멘트의 압축강도는 OPC보다 높아졌으나, 7%이상에서는 점차 압축강도가 낮아져 20%이상 치환하였을 때에는 OPC보다 초기강도 및 장기강도가 모두 낮았다. 전기로 환원슬래그 자체의 수화반응 생성물을 조사한 결과, $C _{11}A_7CaF_2$는 물과 반응하여 $C_3AH_6$로 변화되었다. 그러나 OPC에 환원슬래그를 치환하여 사용할 경우, 환원슬래그의 치환율이 높아짐에 따라 f-CaO가 많아지고 준안정성의 수화물인 $C_4AH_{13}$의 생성량이 증가되기 때문에 OPC에 환원슬래그를 7%미만으로 치환하여 사용해야만 안정된 경화체를 형성하여 압축강도가 OPC보다 높아졌다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.409-422
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• 2022

The use of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement as a rapid-hardening cement admixture or eco-friendly alternate for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has been attempted over the years, but the cost of CSA cement and availability of suitable aluminium resource prevent its wide practical application. To propose an effective ground improvement design in sandy soil, this study aims at blending a certain percentage of CSA with OPC to find an optimum blend that would have fast-setting behavior with a lower carbon footprint than OPC without compromising the mechanical properties of the cemented sand. Compared to the 100% CSA case, initial speed of strength development of blended cement is relatively low as it is mixed with OPC. It is found that 80% OPC and 20% CSA blend has low initial strength but eventually produces equivalent ultimate strength (28 days curing) to that of CSA treated sand. The specific OPC-CSA blend (80:20) exhibits significantly higher strength gain than using pure OPC, thus allowing effective geotechnical designs for sustainable and controlled ground improvement. Further parametric studies were conducted for the blended cement under various curing conditions, cement contents, and curing times. Wet-cured cement treated sand had 33% lower strength than that of dry-cured samples, while the stiffness of wet-cured samples was 25% lower than that of dry-cured samples.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 시멘트 생산에 의한 $CO_2$ 배출과 이로 인한 환경 부하를 감소시키기 위해 산업부산물인 고로슬래그 미분말을 활용하여 기존 SCW 공법에 사용되던 시멘트주입재를 친환경 무기결합재로 대체하여 모르타르를 제작하고 친환경 밀크주입재로써 적용이 가능한지를 파악하였다. 본 연구 결과 포틀랜드 시멘트를 사용하지 않은 비소성 시멘트를 이용한 NSB 경화체가 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트 경화체와 비교해 내산성, 내해수성, 압축강도 등이 우수한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 만들어진 친환경 무기결합재 모르타르는 높은 내구성, 내화학성을 요구하는 SCW 공법과 같은 흙막이벽, 해양하부구조물 등의 지반재료용 결합재에 적용이 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2014

건설 분야 중 건설 재료와 건자재 산업에서 발생하는 $CO_2$는 약 6,700만톤으로 건설 분야에서 발생하는 $CO_2$의 약 30 %를 점유하고 있다. 건설 분야에서 $CO_2$ 저감은 건자재 산업에서 $CO_2$를 발생시키는 2차, 3차 양생을 줄여 소비되는 화석연료 사용과 배출가스 저감의 조절이 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구는 시멘트 결합재를 기초로 하여 결합재를 40 % 까지 대체하여 모르타르를 제조한 후 양생방법을 달리하여 응결 및 강도 특성을 분석하였다. 결합재 치환율에 따른 강도 특성 결과 증기양생 후 고로슬래그와 CSA 15%, CAMC 5%를 치환한 시험체의 강도 증진이 활발하였다. 특히 고로슬래그 50%, CSA 15%, CAMC 5%를 치환한 시험체가 가장 높게 강도가 증진되었다. 하지만 CAMC 10%의 경우 열팽창에 의한 균열과 온도차에 의한 건조수축, 과도하게 생성된 에트린가이트에 의해 강도가 저하되는 결과를 가져왔다.