• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2010

Deer can be one of the susceptible animals to bovine infectious diseases, and thus, may play a role either as a reservoir or amplifier host for spreading the diseases to other species such as cattle and goat. This study was conducted to determine the serum antibodies to bacterial infectious diseases for brucellosis, tuberculosis (TB), paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in deer. Serum samples were randomly collected from 78 deer from 31 farms at Jeonbuk province, and 7 wild water deer from Jeonbuk wild animal treatment center during 2005 to 2007, respectively. Four farm deer (5.1%) showed antibodies to tuberculosis using Antigen Rapid Bovine TB Ab Test Kit. One elk (1.3%) and one wild water deer had antibodies for paratuberculosis. Antibody against Brucellosis was not detected in tube agglutination test (TAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These data suggest that caution should be applied to inspection of velvet, deer blood and meat for human consumption from deer because of zoonotic bacterial diseases in deer. In addition, farmed deer can be a transmissible host for zoonotic disease to diary or raising farm.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 1996

Purpose : The most patients with acute streptococcal pharyngitis lack of classic clinical manifestations, therefore diagnostic laboratory test such as the throat culture or a rapid antigen detection test are frequently employed in primary practices of developed countries. We'd like to know the accuracy of the throat swab culture as gold standard for diagnosis of streptococcal infection with studying the discordant and concordant rate of duplicate culture. Methods : The study included 89 normal school children (boys:50, girls:39) who were attending Uljin primary school in Uljin, Kyong Sang Buk Do on March 1996. We obtained simultaneous 2 times of throat swab from each subject, and plating and streaking on 5-7% of sheep blood agar separately. We counted the characteristic beta-hemolytic colonies after overnight incubation. Results : 1) The carrier rate of beta-hemolytic streptococci at first culture is 25.1% and second one is 29.2%. 2) Ten out of 89(11.2%) is discordant in duplicate culture. 3) Culture containing less than 50 colonies of beta-hemolytic streptococci (+2) in first culture is 70.4%, second one is 85.7%. 4) Number of colonies is less than 50 in all ten discordant children. Conclusions : The discordant rate of duplicate throat swab cullture for beta-hemolytic streptococci is 11.2%, even if the subjects are normal school children. About 5% of individuals harboring beta-hemolytic streptococci in the pharynx may be missed by a single throat culture. If we are trying to examine the patients with pharyngitis, the discordant rate will be much lower than this results.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.63.1-63.9
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• 2020

Background: Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) induces infectious laryngotracheitis in members of the family Canidae, including dogs. To date, no ELISA kits specific for CAV-2 antibody have been commercialized for dogs in Korea. Objectives: We aimed to develop new indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) to perform rapid, accurate serological surveys of CAV-2 in dog serum samples. Methods: In total, 165 serum samples were collected from dogs residing in Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk provinces between 2016 and 2018. The Korean CAV-2, named the APQA1701-40P strain, was propagated in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and purified in an anion-exchange chromatography column for use as an antigen for I-ELISA. The virus-neutralizing antibody titers of CAV-2 in the dog sera were measured by virus neutralization (VN) test. Results: We compared the results obtained between the VN and new I-ELISA tests. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of new I-ELISA were 98.6%, 86.4% and 97.0% compared with VN test, respectively. New I-ELISA was significantly correlated with VN (r = 0.91). Conclusions: These results indicate that new I-ELISA is useful for sero-surveillance of CAV-2 in dog serum.

• Laboratory Medicine Online
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2011

배경: 신종 인플루엔자 A (H1N1)의 검사실 진단은 환자관리와 유행대책 수립에 매우 중요하다. 연구자들은 확진을 위해서 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사와 바이러스 감염질환의 표준검사로 사용되어 왔던 배양검사를 신속항원검사와 함께 비교하였다. 방법: 2009년 12월부터 2010년 1월에 걸쳐 얻어진 총 861예의 호흡기 검체를 이용하여 신속항원검사, R-mix 신속배양검사, 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사를 동시에 시행하여 그 성적을 구하였고, 배양결과 등급과 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사의 cycle threshold(Ct)값에 따른 신속항원검사 결과와의 관계를 조사하였다. 결과: 861명 중 308명(35.8%)이 신종 인플루엔자 A (H1N1)로 확진되었고, 이용된 검사들의 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측치, 음성예측치는 신속항원검사가 59.7%, 99.5%, 98.4%, 81.6%, R-mix 배양검사가 93.2%, 100%, 100%, 96.3%, 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사가 95.8%, 100%, 100%, 97.7%였다. 신속항원검사의 양성률은 배양이 약양성인 경우는 25.3%, 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사의 Ct값이 30-37인 경우에는 2.3%로 매우 낮았다. 신종 인플루엔자 확진환자 중 입원율은 3.2%였고, 사망률은 0.3%였고, 위장관 증상은 7.2%에서 관찰되었다. 결론: R-mix 배양검사와 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사는 신종 인플루엔자의 진단에 매우 좋은 성적을 보였으며, 특히 낮은 농도의 바이러스 검체에서 유용한 검사였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.221-237
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• 1999

To investigate the specificity of rapid slide agglutination test for pullorum-gallinarum diseases and to obtain a basic data for avian salmonellosis control, salmonella isolation was peformed for the layer chickens positively reacted in pullonlm-typhoid agglutination test. The biochemical, serological and antimicrobial properties of the isolates were examined. The results obtained through this study were summarized as follows; 1. Of 2,384 chickens tested by the agglutination test, 606 chickens (25.4%) were positive reactors. 154 of 606 reactors and 49 of the non-reacting chickens were investigated for salmonella isolation, resulting in isolation of 68 strains of salmonellae from 27 chickens. 2. By organs, the isolation frequency from liver, cecum, spleen, ovary and gall bladder showed 8.9% (18 strains), 8.9% (18 strains), 7.4% (15 strains), 4.4% (9 strains) and 3.9% (8 strains), respectively. 3. By culture medium the combination of selenite broth and MacConkey agar revealed the highest isolation rate and the enrichment culture by delayed secondary enrichment culture method was found the most effective for salmonella isolation. 4. The serotypes of 68 salmonella isolates were identified as 3 strains of S pullorum, 24 strains of S gallinarum, 15 strains of S typhimurium, 8 strains of S enteritidis, 7 strains of S paratyphi A, 5 strains of S typhimurium and 6 strains of the other salmonellae. 5. The serotypes of 8 salmonella strains isolated from 49 chickens non-reacting in pullorum-typhoid agglutination test were identified as 3 strains of S typhimurium and 5 strains of S infantis. 6. When 24 chickens of which 68 strains of salmonellae isolated were examined by microplate agglutination test, the average antibody titer for pullorum antigen was $2^{5.25}$. The chickens at antibody titer between $2^3$ and $2^5$ showed the higher frequency of isolation as compared with the chickens at the other titers. 7. When salmonella isolates were tested the antimicrobial drug sensitivity by disk diffusion method, S paratyphi A were highly sensitive by 100% to ATM and GM, S typhimurium, by 88% to AM, CIP, IMP and TN, S infantis, by 100% to AM, CRO, ENR and PIP, S enteritidis,by 100% to IMP and PIP, S pullorum, by 100% to ATM, CRO, ENR and PIP and S gallinarum, by 92% to CRO, CIP and PIP.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1997

어류의 감염 조직으로부터 edwardsiellosis의 원인균인 Edwardsiella tarda를 whole cell 자체로 직접 검출할 수 있는 solid phase ELISA법을 연구하였다. A. hydrophila ATCC7966, V. anguillarum HUFP5001, Y. ruckeri 11-4, E. ictaluri 및 Streptococcus sp. NG8206 등의 어병세균에 대해 ELISA법으로 실시한 교차반응 분석에서 A. hydrophila ATCC7966 균주와 V. anguillarum HUFP5001 균주가 E. tarda Edk-2에 대한 토끼 항혈청에 대해 높은 교차반응을 나타내었으나, 항혈청을 A. hydrophila ATCC7966 FKC로 흡착시킴으로써 교차반응을 제거할 수가 있었다. 그러나, 응집항체가 측정 결과와는 달리, ELISA 분석에서는 E. tarda 분리 균주간의 교차반응이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. Tissue homogenate내에 있는 항원을 검출함에 있어, 조직내의 지질이나 단백질 성분이 함께 분석용 plate에 coating되어 감도가 훨씬 감소하므로 ELISA법의 적용을 위해서는 감염 조직의 homogenate를 PBS에 100배 이상 희석한 후 진단을 실시해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. Tissue homogenate내에 있는 생균을 항원으로 하여 직접 검출할 때에는 검출한계가 $1{\times}10^3$ cells/ml로 나타나 FKC 항원의 사용에 비하여 더 증가된 감도를 보여주었다. 결론적으로 본 ELISA법은 양식장에서 발생한 edwardsiellosis를 진단함에 있어서 특이적이고 신속하며 민감한 방법으로 확인되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.976-985
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• 2005

목 적 : 인플루엔자는 소아 호흡기 질환의 중요한 원인이 되고 있으며, 심각한 합병증과 사망률을 가진다. 예방 및 치료를 위해 효과적인 항바이러스제 치료가 필요하지만 소아에서 항바이러스제 치료는 일반적이지 않으며, 그에 대한 자료도 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 neuraminidase의 억제제로서 인플루엔자 A와 B 바이러스에 모두 효과를 가지는 경구 oseltamivir의 효과에 대해 연구함으로써 앞으로 소아의 인플루엔자 치료에 있어서의 도움을 제공하려 한다. 방 법 : 2004년 1월부터 6월까지 부산 메리놀병원 외래, 입원 및 응급실 방문 환아 중 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염이 의심이 되는 환아 621명에서 인후도찰물 및 콧물을 채취하여 인플루엔자 바이러스 배양을 실시하였고, QuickVue test를 시행하였다. QuickVue test에 양성을 보인 181명의 환아들을 oseltamivir를 사용한 군과 사용하지 않은 군으로 나누었고, 이들의 임상 양상과 진단을 비교함으로써 oseltamivir의 치료 효과에 대하여 후향적으로 조사, 분석하였다. 결 과 : 연구기간 동안 621명의 인플루엔자 의심 환아 중 79 명(17.2%)에서 인플루엔자 바이러스가 분리되었고, QuickVue 인플루엔자 테스트에 양성을 보인 환아는 181명이었다. QuickVue 인플루엔자 테스트에 양성을 보인 181명 중 83명에서 oseltamivir를 5일간 하루 2회 사용하여 oseltamivir 사용군으로, 98 명은 증상 완화제만을 사용하여 oseltamivir 비사용군으로 정하였다. 두 집단간에 임상 증상과 진단은 차이가 없었고, oseltamivir 사용군에서 발열 기간의 의미 있는 감소를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 기간 동안에는 인플루엔자 감염으로 인해 구토나, 구역, 복통을 호소하는 경우는 있었지만, 약물 투여로 인해 이들 증상이 악화되거나, 그로 인해 약물을 중단한 경우는 1례도 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과를 통해 소아에서 인플루엔자 치료에 oseltamivir를 사용함으로써 부작용 없이 발열 기간과 다른 호흡기 증상을 감소시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2003

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is characterized by reproductive failures in sows and respiratory problems in piglets. The nucleocapsid(N) protein, encoded by the open reading frame 7 (ORF7) gene, is known to be the most abundant and antigenic protein in PRRS virus. Therefore, it was suggested that the N protein could be a suitable candidate for the detection of PRRS virus-specific antibodies and diagnosis of PRRS. In the present study, the ORF7 gene encoding the N protein was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein with the glutathione S-transferase (GST) in Escherichia coli. The resulting GST-N recombinant protein was used as an antigen for an indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Expressed GST-N recombinant protein was migrated at 41 kDa and reacted with ORF7-specific monoclonal antibody by Western blotting. In order to increase the specificity of the ELISA for the detection of PRRS virus-specific antibodes, an i-ELISA was developed using an anti-GST antibody as a capture antibody. The sensitivity and specificity of developed i-ELISA were 92% and 96%, respectively. Based on these results, it was suggested that the i-ELISA is a simple and rapid test for screening a large number of swine sera for the anti-PRRS virus antibodies.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2006

95 squamous cell lung carcinoma samples (normal tissue: 40 samples, tumor: 55 samples) were analyzed with 8 K cDNA microarray. 1-way ANOVA test was employed to select differentially expressed genes in tumor with FDR<0.01. Among the selected 1,655 genes, final 212 genes were chosen according to the expression fold change and used for following analysis. The expression of up-regulated 64 genes was verified with Reverse Transcription PCR and 10 genes were identified as candidates for SCC markers. In our opinion, those candidates can be exploited as diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Gene Ontology (GO) based analysis was performed using those 212 genes, and following categories were revealed as significant biological processes: Immune response (GO: 0006955), antigen processing (GO: 0030333), inflammatory response (GO: 0006954), Cell adhesion (GO: 0007155), and Epidermis differentiation (GO: 0008544). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) also carried out on overall gene expression profile with 522 functional gene sets. Glycolysis, cell cycle, K-ras and amino acid biosynthesis related gene sets were most distinguished. These results are consistent with the known characteristics of SCC and may be interconnected to rapid cell proliferation. However, the unexpected results from ERK activation in squamous cell carcinoma gripped our attention, and further studies are under progress.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2015

Fulminant type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a distinct subtype of T1DM that is characterized by rapid onset hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, absolute insulin deficiency, and near normal levels of glycated hemoglobin at initial presentation. Although it has been reported that class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype is associated with fulminant T1DM, the genetic predisposition is not fully understood. In this study we investigated the HLA genotype and haplotype in 11 Korean cases of fulminant T1DM using imputation of whole exome sequencing data and compared its frequencies with 413 participants of the Korean Reference Panel. The $HLA-DRB1^*04:05-HLA-DQB1^*04:01$ haplotype was significantly associated with increased risk of fulminant T1DM in Fisher's exact test (odds ratio [OR], 4.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56 to 10.86; p = 0.009). A histidine residue at $HLA-DR{\beta}1$ position 13 was marginally associated with increased risk of fulminant T1DM (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.01 to 5.94; p = 0.054). Although we had limited statistical power, we provide evidence that HLA haplotype and amino acid change can be a genetic risk factor of fulminant T1DM in Koreans. Further large-scale research is required to confirm these findings.