• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2003

The present study investigates the fire suppression characteristics using a water mist fire suppression system. The fire extinguishing times are measured for various fire sources, fuel types, and different total flooding rates of water mist. Pool fire with hydrocabon fuel is successfully extinguished within a minute under the operating conditions of the water mist system. Two different regimes of the smoke layer cooling are observed, such as rapid and slow cooling processes. The regimes are divided by threshold time which is calculated with auto-correlation function. The threshold time for the initial cooling decreases with increasing water flow-rates and fire sources. These initial cooling effects play an important role in preventing the occurance of flashover fire by the initial fire suppression.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2020

Naval ships could be seriously damaged by enemy attacks in battle. Moreover, this damage could be spread and deteriorated into a secondary accident. Secondary accidents that have adverse effects on naval ship's survivability, such as fire, flood, smoke extension, and patient occurrence, are defined as casualties. These casualties sharply degrade the survivability of naval ships. Furthermore, naval ships could be burned-out and sunk by casualties in isolated sea. Therefore, damage control and rapid suppression of the casualties in the naval ships is essential. This study was conducted in the establishment of suppression paths according to the characteristics of each casualty so that the developed system can support the rapid suppression in an emergency and even the training situation on a regular state. To establish the suppression paths, the two-dimensional numerical map is designed by converting the three-dimensional features of the naval ships, and the well known algorithms are compared to present the appropriate one for path finding problem on the naval ships. Finally, we devised a specific routing algorithm that fits the characteristics of each casualty in accordance with the Korean Navy's doctrines and handbooks of casualty suppression.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.410-423
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• 2019

Fire suppression using a water mist nozzle directly above an n-Heptane pool in a fire compartment with a door opening was numerically investigated using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for the purpose of application in nuclear power plants. Input parameters for the numerical simulation were determined by experimental measurements. Water mist was activated 10 s after the fire began. The sensitivity analysis was conducted for three input parameters: total number of cubic cells of 6032-2,926,400, droplets per second of 1000-500,000, and extinguishing coefficient of 0-100. In a new simple calibration method of this study, the extinguishing coefficient yielding the fire suppression time closest to that measured by experiments was found for use as the FDS simulation input value. When the water mist jet flow made contact with the developed fire, the heat release rate instantaneously increased, and then rapidly decreased. This phenomenon occurred with a displacement of the flame near the liquid fuel pool. Changing the configuration of the door opening with different aspect ratios and opening ratios had impact on the maximum value of the heat release rate due to the flame displacement.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2007

산불현장에서 산불진화 단계에 따라 조치하여야 할 국유림관리소의 개인별 임무 역할 수행내용에 대한 행동매뉴얼 구축방안을 제시하였다. 본 매뉴얼의 적용범위는 (1) 헬기 도착 전에 초기산불 진화에 활용, 2) 헬기 투입 후 지상진화지원 활동에 활용, (3) 헬기 철수 후 뒷불진화에 활용, (4) 헬기진화 불가능한 야간진화에 활용에 두었다. 또한, 본 매뉴얼은 주로 현장진화 지휘자 또는 담당자의 임무를 산불대응 단계에 따라 제1단계인 산불접수단계에서 10단계 철수단계에 이르기까지 총 10단계로 구별하여 정리하였으며, 진화대원들이 평상시 이를 숙지하여 진화대원의 안전은 물론이고 체계적이고 신속한 현장 대응을 통해 산불로부터 인명, 재산피해 및 산림피해를 감소시키는데 기여하고자 개발하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.535-539
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• 2022

이 연구는 옥내소화전의 효율적 호스 적재 방법에 대하여 분석한 것으로 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 옥내소화전소방호스 적재 방법과 화재진압의 신속성을 비교하는 실험을 통하여 효과적인 소방호스 적재 방법을 도출하고자 한다. 접이식으로 소방호스를 적재하였을 때 평균 33초가 소요되었고, 한겹말은 소방호스 적재는 평균 69초가 소요되어유의미한 차이를 보였다. 첫째, 접이식 호스 전개 실험에서 실험대상자 A,C,D,E는 34초~37초로 각각 비슷한 수치를 나타냈다. 그 이유는 소방호스를 전개할 때 꼬임현상이 나타나지 않았고, 원활한 호스 전개가 가능하여 나타난 결과로 보인다. 실험대상자 B는 25초로 가장 낮은 전개 시간을 보였는데, 이는 B가 소방호스 전개 경험이 있어서 나타난 결과로 보인다. 둘째, 한겹말은 호스 전개 실험에서 실험대상자 A,B,C,E는 44초~76초로 각각 비슷한 시간대를 나타냈다. 그러나, 실험대상자 D는 110초로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 그 이유는 소방호스를 전개할 때 호스 꼬임을 방지하기 위한 시도와 긴장을 통한 불안정한 심리상태가 소방호스 전개 시간을 높인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.62-65
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• 2018

The rapid progress toward the 4th industrial society has led to possibilities of fire increase. It is pointed out that, though initial fire suppression is emphasized, the current legal systems do not sufficiently recognize the importance of initial fire suppression. In order to resolve this, problems of the current legal systems and regulations, as well as fire-fighting facilities to be equipped according to the size of specific fire-fighting objects, were diagnosed. Also, suggestions for improvement were provided through comparative analysis with relevant laws and technical regulations of Korea and other countries. According to fire safety standards such as NFPA, IMO, ISO, and Russian standards, automatic fire extinguishers are to be installed as per the adaptability criteria of fire extinguishers and automatic fire extinguishers. In Korea, the "Act on Fire Prevention and Installation, Maintenance, and Safety Control of Fire-fighting Systems" cover the types and scope of fire fighting facilities that include specific fire protection objects, such as electric room, power room, and substation room. This study has identified that, in case of a place with a floor area of less than $300m^2$, the installation requirement is not clearly specified. Therefore, in this study, fire extinguishing equipment and automatic fire extinguishing equipment to be added for each sub-use application are proved to have fire extinguishing performance of Class A, Class B, and Class C, respectively. In view of the fact that, in overseas standards, all space except containing such materials as Deep fire, metal fire and peroxide, can be installed with fire fighting equipment, a legal system for specifying the capacity units of fire fighting apparatus by application is, in this study, proposed.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

Fire-alarm systems are safety equipment that facilitate rapid evacuation and early suppression in case of fire. It is highly desirable that fire-alarm systems have low false-alarm rates and are thus reliable. Until now, researchers have attempted to improve detector performance by applying new technologies such as IoT. To this end, IoT-based fire-detection systems have been developed. However, due to scarcity of large-scale operational data, researchers have barely studied malfunctioning in fire-alarm systems or attempted to reduce false-alarm rates in these systems. In this study, we analyzed false-alarm rates of smoke/temperature detectors and unwanted fire-alarm signal patterns at K institution, where Korea's largest IoT-based fire-detection system operates. After analyzing the fire alarm occurrences at the institution for five years, we inferred that the IoT-based fire-detection system showed lower false-alarm rates compared to the automatic fire-detection equipment. We analyzed the detection pattern by dividing it into two parts: normal operation and unwanted fire alarms. When a specific signal pattern was filtered out, the false-alarm rate was reduced to 66.9% in the smoke detector and to 46.9% in the temperature detector.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2012

In this paper, authors will develop the quick and precise remote controller of automatic fire detection equipment (P-type one-class receiver) based on information communication technology (IT). The remote controller detects the fire and disaster in the building automatically and quickly and then activates the facilities to extinguish the fire and disaster, monitoring such situation in a real time through wire-wireless communication network. The proposed remote controller is applied a programmable logic device (PLD) micom. of one-chip type which is small size and lightweight and also has highly sensitive-precise reliabilities. The one-chip type PLD micom. analyzes digital signals from sensors, then activates fire extinguishing facilities for alarm and rapid suppression in a case of fire and disaster. The detected data is also transferred to a remote situation room through wire-wireless network of RS232c and bluetooth communication, and then the situation room sends an emergency alarm signal. The automatic fire detection equipment (AFDE) based on IT will minimize the life and wealth loss while prevents fire and disaster.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2011

본 논문은 건물 내에서 발생되는 각종 화재 및 재해를 자동으로 신속히 감지한 후 현지에 설치된 방재설비들을 자동으로 동작시켜 화재 및 재해를 초기진압하고, 이들 재해상황들을 유무선 통신망을 통하여 실시간으로 원격지 상황실의 중앙관리시스템에서 모니터링되는 고속 고정밀의 IT 기반의 방재용 자동화시스템을 개발한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방재용 자동화시스템은 소형.경량 및 고감도 고정밀의 원칩형 PLC (one-chip type PLC)가 적용되어, 각종 재해 센서로부터 감지된 신호를 분석하고 재해발생시 조기진압을 위한 현장의 방재용 구동장치들을 작동시킨다. 또한 검출된 데이터들은 RS232c 및 블루투스에 의한 유무선 통신망을 통해 원격지 상황실에 데이터 전송 및 긴급 경보신호를 송출시키고, 모니터링 프로그램을 구동시킨다. 제안한 IT 기반의 방재용 자동화시스템은 화재와 각종 재해에 대한 예방과 신속한 조치로 인명과 재산의 손실을 최소화 하고자 한다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2018

대구지하철 화재사고가 발생한 이후에 국민의 안전에 대한 관심이 높아지고 열차 내부의 재료는 불연성 재질로 모두 변경되었지만 소화 설비에 관한 개발은 미비한 상태이다. 열차는 철판 재질로 둘러싸여 화재 시 일반적인 소화설비를 이용하면 소화하기 매우 어렵다. 본 논문은 실물화재 실험을 통하여 정차된 열차 화재를 압축공기포 소화설비를 활용하여 빠르고 손쉽게 소화할 수 있는 방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 구난역에 정차된 열차의 화재를 소화하기 위해서 창문 파괴장치를 이용하여 열차 유리창을 빠르게 파괴하고 압축공기포 소화설비를 열차 내부에 삽입하여 직접적으로 소화할 수 있도록 하였다. 창문 파괴장치를 이용하여 열차 유리창을 5초 만에 파괴하였으며, 압축공기포 소화설비를 열차 내부에 삽입하고 압축공기포를 방사하여 30초 만에 열방출량 11.88 MW 규모 화재를 진압하였다. 압축공기포 소화설비를 이용하여 화재 확산 방지와 터널 구조물 보호가 가능하도록 추가적인 실험 연구가 필요하다.