• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2022

South Korea's agricultural nitrogen balance and phosphorus balance rank first and second, respectively, among OECD countries, and proper nutrient management is required to preserve the water quality of rivers and lakes. This study evaluates the effects of furrow mulching on the reduction of non-point source pollution (NPS) load from a sloped upland. The study site was Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, and the survey period was from 2018 to 2019. The slope of the testbed was 13%, and the soil type was sandy loam. The cropping system consisted of maize-autumn Chinese cabbage rotation. The testbed was composed of bare soil (bare), control (Cont.), furrow vegetation mulching (FVM), and furrow nonwoven fabric mulching (FFM) plots. Runoff was collected for each rainfall event with a 1/100 sampler, and the NPS load was calculated by measuring the concentrations of SS, T-N, and T-P. The NPS load was then analyzed for the entire monitoring and crop cultivation periods. During the monitoring period, the effect of reducing the NPS load was 1.5%~44.5% for FVM and 13.1%~55.2% for FFM. During the crop cultivation period, it was 1.2%~80.5% for FVM and 27.0%~65.1% for FFM, indicating that FFM was more effective than FVM. As the NPS load was fairly high during the crop conversion period, an appropriate management method needs to be implemented during this period.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2022

Purpose: This study examined the impact of a virtual reality intervention program based on psychological needs on behavioral and psychological symptoms, apathy, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment living in nursing facilities. Methods: This study is nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design of quasi-experimental study. The study collected data from November 18, 2020 to July 24, 2021 from patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) at three nursing facilities in G city using self-reporting and caregiver-informant reporting methods. The analysis employed the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, paired t-test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U, repeated measures ANOVA, GEE, using SPSS/WIN 27.0. Results: The severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms (Wald 𝛘² = 2.68, p = .102) and the care burden of caregivers (Wald 𝛘² = 1.72, p = .190) were not significant and was no significant time and group interaction effect (Wald 𝛘² = 0.63, p = .426, Wald 𝛘² = 0.52, p =. 471). The difference in apathy and QOL score were statistically significant for the group-time interaction (F = 43.65, p < .001; F = 4.35, p = .041). Conclusion: The virtual reality intervention program of this study shows a positive effect on the apathy reduction and QOL of patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment residing in nursing facilities.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2023

Purpose: Dental fear hinders patients from receiving appropriate dental treatment. In particular, the noise generated by high-speed air turbines and ultrasonic scalers can adversely affect patients. Many efforts have been made to reduce the discomfort caused by noise, but no methods are definitively recommended. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of active noise-canceling (ANC) headphones in reducing the pain and discomfort associated with dental scaling. Methods: Fifty-five patients requiring scaling and root planing, aged ≥19 years and showing no auditory problems, were included. Scaling was performed for the bilateral maxillary molars and premolars while patients wore headphones, with ANC turned either on or off. The degree of noise and pain reduction in the on and off conditions were surveyed using a visual analog scale (VAS). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare noise-and pain-related discomfort with ANC turned on and off. Results: The sample included 28 men and 27 women with a mean age of 45.45±13.12 years. The average noise-related discomfort score was 3.84±2.12 and 2.95±1.99 when noise-canceling was turned off and on, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Similarly, the average pain-related discomfort score was 3.78h±2.00 and 3.09±1.96 when noise-canceling was turned off and on, respectively, which was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions: The use of ANC headphones seems to reduce the discomfort caused by noise and pain in patients undergoing scaling.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2024

Background: Distraction is a technique used to divert a patient's attention from unpleasant procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of kaleidoscopy, virtual reality, and video games in reducing anxiety and pain during invasive dental procedures in children. Methods: Sixty-six children aged 6 to 9 years were randomly assigned to three groups during local anesthesia administration: Group 1 (kaleidoscope), Group 2 (virtual reality), and Group 3 (mobile video games). The anxiety of the children was evaluated using physiological measures (heart rate) at three different time points: before, during, and after the procedure. The Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale was used as a subjective measure before and after the procedure. Subjective measures of pain were assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: In the intergroup comparison, there were no statistically significant differences in the physiological measures of anxiety scores between the three groups before, during, and after distraction. Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale scores were assessed before and after distraction, but no statistically significant differences were observed. Among the three groups, the children in Group 2 showed a significant reduction in pain scores. Conclusion: Compared with kaleidoscopes and video games, virtual reality is a promising distraction technique for reducing dental fear, anxiety, and pain during local anesthesia administration in children.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.983-993
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the image quality of ultralow-dose CT (ULDCT) of the chest reconstructed using a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN)-based deep learning method in the evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: Between June 2019 and November 2019, 103 patients (mean age, 40.8 ± 13.6 years; 61 men and 42 women) with pulmonary tuberculosis were prospectively enrolled to undergo standard-dose CT (120 kVp with automated exposure control), followed immediately by ULDCT (80 kVp and 10 mAs). The images of the two successive scans were used to train the CycleGAN framework for image-to-image translation. The denoising efficacy of the CycleGAN algorithm was compared with that of hybrid and model-based iterative reconstruction. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed to compare the objective measurements and the subjective image quality scores, respectively. Results: With the optimized CycleGAN denoising model, using the ULDCT images as input, the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index improved by 2.0 dB and 0.21, respectively. The CycleGAN-generated denoised ULDCT images typically provided satisfactory image quality for optimal visibility of anatomic structures and pathological findings, with a lower level of image noise (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 19.5 ± 3.0 Hounsfield unit [HU]) than that of the hybrid (66.3 ± 10.5 HU, p < 0.001) and a similar noise level to model-based iterative reconstruction (19.6 ± 2.6 HU, p > 0.908). The CycleGAN-generated images showed the highest contrast-to-noise ratios for the pulmonary lesions, followed by the model-based and hybrid iterative reconstruction. The mean effective radiation dose of ULDCT was 0.12 mSv with a mean 93.9% reduction compared to standard-dose CT. Conclusion: The optimized CycleGAN technique may allow the synthesis of diagnostically acceptable images from ULDCT of the chest for the evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

목적: 림프부종은 림프계 이상으로 림프액 이동이 원활하지 못하여 생기는 팔다리 조직의 팽창을 의미한다. 현재 가장 효과적인 치료법은 복합적인 림프부종 치료법이지만 이 치료는 수술적 치료가 요구되는 환자에게는 효과가 없다. 이번 연구에서는 물리 치료법에 실패한 환자의 피하 지방조직에 비침습적 바늘 흡인술을 실시하여 그 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2003년 8월 1일부터 2004년 2월 28일까지 일개대학 병원 림프부종 클리닉에 방문하여 상하지 림프부종 2${\sim}$3기를 진단받은 환자를 대상으로 실시하였다. 모든 환자는 1년 이상 복합적인 림프부종 치료법을 실시하였으나 치료에 반응이 없었으며 9명의 환자는 유방암, 12명의 환자는 자궁경부암 환자였다. 치료 전 자기공명영상(MRI)을 실시하여 부종이 가장 심한 부위를 찾아 바늘 흡인술을 실시한 후 3개월 동안 추적 관찰하였다. 치료의 효과는 치료 전과 치료 3개월 후 부종 부피를 계산하여 Wilcoxon signed rank-test를 통해 비교하였다. 결과: 치료 전과 치료 3개월 후의 평균 부종 감소율은 29.1%였다(P=0.001). 국소적 출혈 이외 다른 특별한 부작용은 없었다. 결론: 바늘 흡인술은 복합적인 림프부종 치료법에 반응이 없는 림프부종 2, 3기 환자에게 수술에 앞서 고려해볼 수 있는 안전하고 효과적인 방법이다.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.666-673
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 비제약적 얼굴 데이터 베이스를 위한 확장성 있는 얼굴 인식 방법을 연구하고, 간단한 실험 결과를 소개한다. 기존의 얼굴 인식 연구들은 주로 조명, 얼굴 각도, 표정, 배경 등 제약이 있는 환경에서의 정확도 향상에 초점을 맞추고 있어서 비제약적 얼굴 데이터 베이스에 사용하기에 적합하지 않다. 제안하는 얼굴인식 방법은 비제약적 얼굴 인식을 위한 특징 추출 알고리즘으로, 먼저 지역적 특징이 존재하는 눈, 코, 입과 같이 얼굴의 중요한 특징을 나타내는 영역을 분리한다. 각 얼굴 주요 위치는 고차원의 다중 스케일 국부 이진패턴 히스토그램(Multi-scale LBP histogram) 특징 벡터로 기술된다. 단일 얼굴 주요 위치에 해당하는 다중 스케일 국부 이진패턴 히스토그램 특징 벡터는 주성분 분석법(PCA: Principal Component Analysis)과 선형 판별 분석법(LDA: Linear Discriminant Analysis)의 차원 축소 과정을 통해 저차원 얼굴 특징 벡터를 생성한다. 저차원 얼굴 특징 벡터는 랭크 획득과 Precision at k(p@k) 성능 평가 방법을 이용하여 제안한 알고리즘의 얼굴 인식 성능을 검증한다. 본 연구는 FERET, LFW 및 PubFig83 데이터 베이스를 이용하여 얼굴 인식 실험을 수행하였으며, 제안한 알고리즘을 이용한 얼굴 인식 방법이 기존의 방법보다 향상된 인식성능을 보였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.376-394
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• 1996

This study evaluated the reproducibility and validity of the self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire used in a large prospective cohort study(Korean Cancer Research Survey) in middle-aged men. The questionnaire was administered twice at an interval of approximately two years(December, 1992-January, 1995), and four or five 24-hour recalls for each subject were collected at intervals of approximately three months. The results were as follows; 1) Although the distributions of the data estimated by the questionnaire were somewhat wider, the mean nutrient intakes of group estimated by our questionnaires and the multiple 24-hour recalls were roughly comparable. 2) The reproducibility determined by correlation of absolute(unadjusted nutrient intake) and calorie adjusted nutrient intakes from two semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires were more than 0.5, and the weighted kappa values were more than 0.4. 3) The Pearson correlation coefficients between unadjusted nutrient intakes values were average 0.40 on the average(Ca, 0.13-Carbohydrate, 0.58) at the first questionnaire vs. 24-hour recalls, and 0.28 at the second questionnaire vs. 24-hour recalls. The spearman rank order correlation coefficients were similar. When energy intake was adjusted, there was a slight reduction : 0.28 at the second questionnaire, 0.25 average on the second. In order to correct the measurement error of 24-hour recall data, the deattenuated correlation coefficient was calculated. It averaged 0.53 on the first questionnaire, 0.37 on the second questionnaire for unadjusted nutrient intake. for calorie-adjusted nutrient intake, it averaged 0.44 on the first questionnaire, 0.37 on the second questionnarie. 4) There was lower agreement(k<0.4) between the questionnaries and the 24-hour recalls. And the subjects classified in the same quartile by 24-hour recalls and first questionnaire were average 37$\%$(energy-adjusted values) and 40$\%$(unadjusted values) on the average. More than k10$\%$(average) of subjects were in the extreme quartile of the questionnarie and 24-hour recall method. But 8.2$\%$(average) of subjects classified in the lowest quartile of unadjusted nutrient intake level by the 24-hour recalls were in the highest quartile by the first questionnaire. These data indicate that our self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnarie is reproducible. Correlation coefficients comparing nutrient intakes measured by two different dietary assessment methods were less than 0.5. The validity of our questionnarie is not high enough.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 5급 복합레진 수복물에 각종 레진 전색제를 적용한 후, 수복물의 교합면측과 치은측 변연 미세누출에 대한 레진 전색제의 감소효과를 평가하기 위하여 시행하였다. 40개의 발거된 대구치의 협면 치경부에 5급 와동을 형성하고 복합레진을 충전한 후, 사용된 레진 전색제에 따라 다음 과 같이 4개의 군으로 분류하였다; 복합레진 표면과 변연부에 레진 전색제를 적용하지 않은 대조군, 복합레진 표면과 변연부에 각각 레진 전색제를 적용한 Fortify Plus 군, BisCover 군 및 PermaSeal 군으로 분류하였다. 각 군의 시편을 실온의 증류수에 24시간 동안 보관한 후, $5^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}C$에서 1,000회의 열 순환을 시행하고 2% methylene blue 용액에 4시간동안 침적시켰다. 각 치아는 저속의 diamond disk 를 이용하여 각 수복물의 중앙부를 따라 협, 설 방향으로 양분 하고 20배율의 광학 입체현미경 하에서 각각 교합면측과 치은측 변연 미세누출을 평가하였다. 각 군의 교합면측과 치은측 변연 미세누출에 대한 유의성을 검정을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교합면측 변연 미세누출은 사용된 레진 전색제 간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2. 치은측 변연 미세누출은 대조군과 Fortify Plus 군이 PermaSeal 군보다 통계학적으로 높게 나타났으며, 또한 Fortify Plus 군은 Biscover 군보다 통계학적으로 높은 변연 미세누출을 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 3. 대조군과 Fortify Plus 군은 교합면측 보다 치은측 변연에서 통계학적으로 더 높은 미세누출을 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 4. BisCover 군과 PermaSeal 군은 교합면측과 치은측의 변연 미세누출 간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구를 종합하면, 5급 복합레진 수복물의 교합면측 변연 미세누출에 대한 레진 전색제의 감소효과는 크게 나타나지 않았지만, 치은측 변연 미세누출에 대한 레진 전색제의 감소효과는 사용된 레진 전색제에 따라 서로 다르게 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권51호
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• pp.325.1-325.10
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• 2018

Background: To evaluate survival outcomes and prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who received sunitinib (SU) and pazopanib (PZ) as first-line therapy in real-world Korean clinical practice. Methods: Data of 554 patients with mRCC who received SU or PZ at eight institutions between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the targeted therapy, the patients were divided into SU (n = 293) or PZ (n = 261) groups, and the clinicopathological variables and survival rates of the two groups were compared. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the prognostic factors for OS. Results: The median follow-up was 16.4 months (interquartile range, 8.3-31.3). Patients in the PZ group were older, and no significant difference was observed in the performance status (PS) between the two groups. In the SU group, the dose reduction rate was higher and the incidence of grade 3 toxicity was more frequent. The objective response rates were comparable between the two groups (SU, 32.1% vs. PZ, 36.4%). OS did not differ significantly between the two groups (SU, 36.5 months vs. PZ, 40.2 months; log-rank, P = 0.955). Body mass index, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS > 2, synchronous metastasis, poor Heng risk criteria, and liver and bone metastases were associated with a shorter OS. Conclusion: Our real-world data of Korean patients with mRCC suggested that SU and PZ had similar efficacies as first-line therapy for mRCC. However, PZ was better tolerated than SU in Korean patients.