• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.82-87
• /
• 2002

The purposes of this study are to investigate water content and treatment period in Solid Matrix Priming(SMP; method for enhanced rapid and uniform seedling emergence in tobacco seeds). The higher water content made the faster imbibition speed of tobacco seed. But the radicle emergence shorten the period of water equilibrium. The range of water content in SMP treatment within the limits of no radicle emergence of tobacco seed was 28∼32% to dry weight of tobacco seed. The rate of radicle emergence and seedling emergence was higher in water content 30% and 40% treatment plot than that in 50% and 60% treatment plot. But it was not different between SMP treatment and non-SMP treatment. In water content 40% during 9 days treatment, germinative energy was highest, and T50 and mean germination time(MGT) were the shortest. The germination speed was higher in SMP treatment than that in non-SMP treatment. It was not different on the germination rate between non-SMP treatment and SMP treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1989

Sandy dust phenomena was observed from April 19 to 23, 1988 in Seoul. During this period it rained and the precipitation was collected to investigate the rain chemistry. This study was carried out to analyzed the chemical composition of precipitation by the measurements of conditivity, cations $(H^+, NH_4^+, K^+, Na^+, Ca^{2+}, MG^{2+})$, and anions $(SO_4^{2-}, NO_3^-, Cl^-, F^-, Br^-)$ which are believed to be the major ions playing an important role in the acidity of rain water. During the period of sandy dust phenomena the range of pH value and conductivity concentration of rainwater were 6.0-6.7, 172-254 $\mu \mho/cm$. The anions and cations concentrations increased and the orders of these concentrations were $SO_4^{2-} > Cl^- > NO_3^- > Na^+ > Ca^{2+} > NH_4^+ > Mg^{2+}$. THe principal chemical compounds of rainwater were estimated at $(NH_4)_2 SO_4, CaSO_4, NaCl, and MgCl_2$.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2010

To study properties of the pulsation in the infrared emission for long period variables, we have collected and analyzed the infrared observational data at M band for 12 OH/IR stars. We present the light curves using the data that cover about 30 years including recent observations of ISO and Spitzer. We use Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm to determine the pulsation periods and amplitudes and compare them with previous results of infrared and radio investigations. Generally, the newly determined pulsation parameters show much less errors because of the larger database. We find that the relationship between the pulsation period and amplitudes at M band is fairly well fitted with a simple linear equation in a wide period range. For OH 42.3-0.1, we find some evidences that the object could be a post-asymptotic giant branch star.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.294-304
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of taping therapy on the range of motion and pain of shoulders, physical functions and depression among hospitalized patients with stroke a geriatric hospital. Methods: The study design was a none equivalent control group pre-post test quasi-experimental design. The participants were 25 patients for experimental group and 25 patients for the control group. The period of this study was from March to July 2010. The twenty minute taping therapy was performed for twice a week for eight weeks. Results: The results showed that taping therapy was effective in range of motion shoulders (flexion: t=-5.81, p =.001, abduction: t=-3.69, p =.001) and pain of shoulders (rest: t=3.18, p = .003, movement: t=2.97, p =.005), grip (t=-3.22, p =.002) and balance (t=3.20, p =.002), and depression (t=3.24, p =.002). The variable of ADL (t=-1.99, p =.052) was not significant. Conclusion: The results of the taping therapy increased range of motion shoulders and grip and balance of physical functions, and decreased pain in shoulders and depression. The findings support that taping therapy can be used as a nursing intervention for stroke patients in practical nursing and communities.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 1976

In this paper, the employment planning model is developed which is a decision-making model for determining the optimum employment level with respect to varying net manpower requirement for each planing period such that total cost in a planning horizon is minimized. It is constructed as a nonlinear programming model and a dynamic programming model on the basis of studies in the areas of production smoothing and manpower scheduling. Costs for a planning period are categorized into regular wage cost, hiring cost, and overtime cost. The first is a linear function. The other two cost functions are of quadratic nature. The planning horizon of this planning model is intermediate range (five years) for which a fair planning accuracy can be guaranteed. The model considers learning period for each job class. It is simple and an optimum solution can be easily obtained by direct search techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2017

Recently, there are various researches using inaudible high frequencies like as wireless communication based smart devices, data transmission algorithm, indoor positioning trace technologies. However, when they use high frequencies of inaudible range, they have a problem that the accuracy of data transmission with high frequencies was low because of interference from ambient noise in our real life. To solve this problem, in this paper, we proposed an application based on smart phone and server system for collection of ambient noise and detection of robust high frequency range. The server system could detect the robust high frequency range from statistical analysis of collected noise and the robust high frequency could avoid interference from ambient noise. We tested the proposed application's ability to gather noise and high frequencies for a certain period of time to evaluate performance. According to the testing results, we confirmed that the proposed application and server system could detect a robust high-frequency range via noise analysis in real life. Therefore, the proposed application and server could be a useful technology for future research on inaudible high frequencies.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.491-500
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistive exercise using an elastic band on range of motion, function and shoulder pain. Methods: Forty two subjects who had rotator cuff surgery were assigned either to a treatment or a comparison group, twenty one each. Following a six week period after surgery those in the treatment group participated in resistant exercise using an elastic band for four weeks. The subjects in the comparison group did not participate in the exercise program. The goniometer measured range of motion, a modified tool measured function, and a self report numerical rating scale measured pain. The data were analyzed using $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact, t-test and the Mann-Whitney Test. Results: Although not statistically significant, there was a trend that more subjects in the treatment group had increased range of motion. There was a statistically significance among the treatment group in terms of increased function (p=.015). Further the treatment group reported less pain that those in the comparison group (p<.001). Conclusion: The findings support that resistance exercise is an effective strategy for patients with rotator cuff repair.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2016

Objective: Direct current cardioversion for atrial fibrillation could be associated with the risk of thromboembolic events. Anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (INR 2.0-3.0) is recommended 3 weeks before and 4 weeks after cardioversion to reduce the risk of thromboembolism. This study evaluated warfarin therapy in pharmacist-managed anticoagulant services (ACS). Methods: This retrospective study was performed in 106 patients with atrial fibrillation from 2012 to 2013. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death. The primary safety measure was major bleeding. To evaluate the peri-procedural effects of warfarin treatment, we studied whether target INR was maintained, as well as the maintenance period of the therapeutic range. Quality of treatment was measured by time in therapeutic range (TTR) by using the Rosendaal method. Results: There were no thromboembolic events, but TEE examination at time of cardioversion showed a left atrial thrombus in three patients (2.8%). Bleeding complications after cardioversion occurred in 2 patients (1.9%). The average INR value at the time of cardioversion was $2.59{\pm}0.8$, and was within the therapeutic range in 83 patients (78%). Analysis of the patients in whom the value was within the therapeutic range twice consecutively showed that the ratio of TTR was 80% and the therapeutic range was maintained in 67 patients (63%) for an average of 4.90 weeks prior to cardioversion. Similarly, 76 patients (72%) had a stable INR within the therapeutic range for an average of 5.70 weeks and a mean TTR of 83%. Conclusion: Pharmacists significantly contributed to appropriate warfarin treatment with close monitoring during cardioversion. Likewise, active pharmacist monitoring and systemic management should be considered to reduce thromboembolism and bleeding complications in the peri-cardioversion period.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.493-497
• /
• 2000

Fragile watermarking is a technique far autoentication/integrity of digital data. Unlike robust watermarking, il has to design to be vulnerable against some slight processing to verify the modification of digital data. Feature of fragile watermarking is to identify the modifications of data and to locate some places modification occurred at the same time, so it has to identify slight changes of small range if possible. In this paper, fragile watermarking is proposed that the changes of small range on image can be identified using the watermark sequence with period and the values of low bit planes in an image.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 1996

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs; 400, 600, and 1000) were used to study the molecular weight (MW) permeability dependence in the rat ileal mucosa. Absorption of the PEGs was measured by following their recirculation perfusion over a 3 hr collection period. HPLC methods were used to separate and quantitate the individual oligomers present in the solution of PEGs mixtures (MW range 330 to 1 1 22 D). In the range studied, a distinct molecular weight cutoff was not identified. Corrected for the length of ileum used in the study, over the molecular weight range 330 to 1122 D, the apparent permeability $(P_{app)$ of PEG ranged from $3.2\pm0.06\times10_{-5} cm/sec(mean\pmSEM, n=7)\; to\; 0.1\pm0.02\times10^{-5} cm/sec.$ Also, it was observed that the apparent permeability was inversely proportional to approximately $MW^{2.4}$.