• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.272-275
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• 2003

This paper presents the role and its function of Tool server. MPEG-21 means multimedia framework for delivery and consumption of multimedia which is being discussed in ISO/IEC 21000. A view of MPEC-21 aims to define multimedia framework to enable transparent use of multimedia resource across a wide range of networks and devices used by different communities. MPEG-21 will enable all-electronic creation delivery and trade of digital multimedia content and transparent usage of various content types on network device. Therefore, we can provide access to information and services from almost anywhere at anytime with various terminals and networks. In order to support multimedia delivery chain that contains content creation, production, delivery and consumption, we need many standards(elements) for identify, describe, manage and protect the content. Thus, we define Digital Item Player(DIP), Digital Item Adaptation(DIA) server and Tool server as primary objects of MPEG-21 multimedia framework. DIP provides a function which creates and consumes Digital Item(DI) as a kind of a digital object by user. A DI contains both media resources and metadata including rights information. DIA server deals with the usage environment description schema of the user characteristics, terminal and network characteristics and natural environments. DIA server adapts the original DI to the usage environment description sent from the terminal and transmits the adapted DI to the terminal. Tool server searches for a tool requested from DIP or DIA and downloads the best tool to DIP or DIA server. In this paper, we present how Tool sewer is organized and is used among 2 primary objects. The paper is structured as followings: Section 1 briefly describes why MPEG-21 is needed and what MPEG-21 wants. We see requirement that tool server must equip functionally in section 2. The proposed tool server,its structure and its functionality are presented in section 3. Section 4 explains a scenario that tool server transmits tool to DIP and shows the experimental result. The paper concludes in section 5.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.5015-5022
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• 2010

Most of the existing pattern mining techniques are capable of searching patterns according to the continuous change of the spatial information of an object but there is no constraint on the spatial information that must be included in the extracted pattern. Thus, the existing techniques are not applicable to the optimal path search between specific nodes or path prediction considering the nodes that a moving object is required to round during a unit time. In this paper, the precision of the path search according to the spatial hierarchy is analyzed using the Spatial-Temporal Optimal Moving Pattern(with Frequency & Weight) (STOPM(FW)) algorithm which searches for the optimal moving path by considering the most frequent pattern and other weighted factors such as time and cost. The result of analysis shows that the database retrieval time is minimized through the reduction of retrieval range applying with the spatial constraints. Also, the optimal moving pattern is efficiently obtained by considering whether the moving pattern is included in each hierarchical spatial scope of the spatial hierarchy or not.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.902-916
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the clinical research on antihypertensive effects of Korean herbal medicines that function by inducing diuresis. Methods: Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, Cinii, Oasis, KISS, NDSL, RISS, DBPia, with the keywords "利水", "利尿", "高血壓", "hypertension", and "lishui." The search range included only randomized controlled trials that verified the effects of Korean herbal medicine interventions on hypertension. The selected studies were assessed by risk of bias (RoB). Results: 26 reports were selected from a total of 532 identified. For these reports, meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3. From this analysis, it was observed that the combined treatment of Korean medicine and antihypertensive drugs had a significantly higher total effective rate (TER) and improvement in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than did the use of a single antihypertensive drug. The risk ratio of TER for lowering blood pressure was 1.25. The mean differences of SBP, DBP were -19.63 mm Hg (95% confidential interval (CI), -22.45 mm Hg, -16.80 mm Hg, p<0.00001), and -5.39 mm Hg (95% CI, -7.36 mm Hg, -3.42 mm Hg, p<0.00001) respectively. The use of Korean medicine only did not improve blood pressure, as compared to the use of an antihypertensive drug. Most of items of RoB were unclear, and the methodological quality was low. Conclusions: The combination of antihypertensive drugs and Korean medical treatment can effectively improve SBP, DBP, and TER. This finding could be widely utilized in clinical practice in Korean medicine.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2003

MOLAP systems store data in a multidimensional away called a 'cube' and access them using way indexes. When a cube is placed into disk, it can be Partitioned into a set of chunks of the same side length. Such a cube storage scheme is called the chunk-based MOLAP cube storage scheme. It gives data clustering effect so that all the dimensions are guaranteed to get a fair chance in terms of the query processing speed. In order to achieve high space utilization, sparse chunks are further compressed. Due to data compression, the relative position of chunks cannot be obtained in constant time without using indexes. In this paper, we propose a bitmap index for chunk-based MOLAP cubes. The index can be constructed along with the corresponding cube generation. The relative position of chunks is retained in the index so that chunk retrieval can be done in constant time. We placed in an index block as many chunks as possible so that the number of index searches is minimized for OLAP operations such as range queries. We showed the proposed index is efficient by comparing it with multidimensional indexes such as UB-tree and grid file in terms of time and space.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.1051-1066
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• 2000

According to the recent advances of digital encoding technologies and computing power, large amounts of multimedia informations such as image, graphic, audio and video are fully used in multimedia systems through Internet. By this, diverse retrieval mechanisms are required for users to search dedicated informations stored in multimedia systems, and especially it is preferred to use contents-based retrieval method rather than text-type keyword retrieval method. In this paper, we propose a new contents-based indexing and searching algorithm which aims to get both high efficiency and high retrieval performance. To achieve these objectives, firstly the proposed algorithm classifies images by a pre-processing process of edge extraction, range division, and multiple filtering, and secondly it searches the target images using spatial and textural characteristics of colors, which are extracted from the previous process, in a image. In addition, we describe the simulation results of search requests and retrieval outputs for several images of company's trade-mark using the proposed contents-based retrieval algorithm based on wavelet.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.677-682
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• 2016

Recently, because Global Positioning System (GPS) achieves accuracy for engagement of enemy targets, GPS guided weapons have a wide range of applications from land through sea to air. Especially, when GPS guided weapon is then launched, it reads current position and searches a course to the target. As we all know, because GPS signals are weak, these signals can be affected by interference. If jamming signal is strong enough, it can jam the receiver of GPS guided weapon. Therefore, anti-jamming technique is an important thing under these conditions. In this paper, the controlling azimuth angle was used to improve navigation performance of precision guided missile under jamming conditions. First of all, precision missiles by GPS positioning such as SLAM-ER and JDAM were investigated. Also, the azimuth cutoff angle of satellites for usable navigation under jamming signals was analyzed by experimental tests. As a result, we found that azimuth cutoff angle under 140 degree can help ensure continuous GPS reception under the missile guidance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 2015

In wireless sensor networks, geographic routing is known as an efficient method to transmit the data packet using the location information. Geographic routing relies on two techniques: greedy forwarding and face routing. Face routing helps to recover from greedy routing fail and is based on the planar graph in which does not cross each edge. However, the planarization causes frequently short transmission of data packet because it removes other edges except the shortest one. In other words, since the planarization removes the long edges, face routing could not exploit the efficient removed edges of communication graph. This problem brings about the excessive energy consumption of nodes. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient face routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. This proposed protocol searches the removed edges and transmits them via the edges. Simulation shows that the proposed protocol is more efficient in terms of energy consumption than the previous face routing.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.7.1-7.6
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• 2011

Background: Published manuscripts are the main source of biological knowledge. Since the manual examination is almost impossible due to the huge volume of literature data (approximately 19 million abstracts in PubMed), intelligent text mining systems are of great utility for knowledge discovery. However, most of current text mining tools have limited applicability because of i) providing abstract-based search rather than sentence-based search, ii) improper use or lack of ontology terms, iii) the design to be used for specific subjects, or iv) slow response time that hampers web services and real time applications. Results: We introduce an advanced text mining system called PubMine that supports intelligent knowledge discovery based on diverse bio-ontologies. PubMine improves query accuracy and flexibility with advanced search capabilities of fuzzy search, wildcard search, proximity search, range search, and the Boolean combinations. Furthermore, PubMine allows users to extract multi-dimensional relationships between genes, diseases, and chemical compounds by using OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) techniques. The HUGO gene symbols and the MeSH ontology for diseases, chemical compounds, and anatomy have been included in the current version of PubMine, which is freely available at http://pubmine.kobic.re.kr. Conclusions: PubMine is a unique bio-text mining system that provides flexible searches and analysis of biological entity relationships. We believe that PubMine would serve as a key bioinformatics utility due to its rapid response to enable web services for community and to the flexibility to accommodate general ontology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.101-104
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• 2007

The MFC makes the region in the player object center and it judges a relation the object. But it searches the objects which are not relation to game. Consequently, it decreases the speed of game and it recognizes a dangerous characteristic. In this paper, in order to complement a weak point, it applied the avoidance rule of the flocking in npc object. Consequently, the npc object has the concept of range of vision and proposed the method which is possibility of closing the speed decrease of game. This time 2 condition which is proposed must be satisfactory. The method that proposed will play an important role in development of a 3D FPS games.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2014

Optical packet switching (OPS) is being considered as one of the switching technologies for a future optical internet. For contention resolution in an optical packet switching (OPS) system, the wavelength dimension is generally used in combination with a fiber delay line (FDL) buffer. In this article, we propose a method to reduce the number of tunable wavelength converters (TWCs) by sharing TWCs for a cost-effective design of an asynchronous OPS system with a shared or an output FDL buffer. Asynchronous and variable-length packets are considered in the OPS system design. To investigate the number of TWCs needed for the OPS system, an algorithm is proposed, which searches for an available TWC and an unused internal wavelength, as well as an outgoing channel. This algorithm is applied to an OPS system with a shared or an output FDL buffer. Also, the number of internal wavelengths (i.e., the conversion range of the TWC) needed for an asynchronous OPS system is presented for cost reduction of the OPS system.