• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 1992

We analysed 398 kinds of processed foods sold on market - 43 kinds of ramyun, 67 kinds of bread, 104 kinds of cookies, 5 kinds of pizza, 28 kinds of sausage, 31 kinds of steamed fish cake, 4 kinds of tomato ketchup, 30 kinds of canned goods, 82 kinds of beverage and 4 kinds of danmoogi- to know mineral content such as p, Ca, Mg, Na and K. We used atomic absorption spectrophotometry for this study and the results were as follows; 1) P content was 204.24mg% in sausages, 101.80mg% in pizza, 671mg% in canned fish, 44.50mg in canned vegetable, 38.62 mg% in ramyun and 32.10mg% in steamed fish cake. Sausage had the highest P content showing almost 6 times as much as steamed fish cake. There was little difference between ramyun and steamed fish cake. 2) Ca content was 115.00 mg% in pizza, 106.94 mg% in steamed fish cake, 100.59 mg% in sausage, 91.25 mg% in canned vegetable, 79.84 mg% in bread and 78.97 mg% in ramyun, 3) Mg content was 555.16 mg% in steamed fish cake, 476.14 mg% in cookies, 436.75mg% in ketchup, 394.00mg% in canned vegetables 346.95mg% in ramyun and 341.40mg% in canned fish. Steamed fish cake was highest in Mg content and there was little difference between ramyun and canned fish. 4) Na content was 730.49mg% in ramyun, 680.25 mg% in danmoogi, 548.43 mg% sausage, 463.50mg% in canned vegetable, 449.25 mg% in ketchup, 401.29 mg% in steamed fish cake and 366.00 mg% in pizza. Ramyun had the highest Na content 5) K content was 302.30 mg% in pizza, 280.25 mg% in ketchup, 219.68 mg% in sausage, 219.2 mg% in canned fish, 183.75 mg% in canned vegetable, 166.49 mg% in ramyun and 122.77 mg% in cookies. Pizza had the highest K content.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.895-902
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to understand the Ramyun's selection attributes of Korean adults and examine differences in demographic characteristics and meal intake behavior among three groups of samples divided based on the Ramyun's selection attributes. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 702 adults, and data were subjected to frequency analysis, chi-square analysis, factor analysis, reliability tests, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis using SPSS. The results of the study were as follows. The Ramyun's selection attributes for Korean adults investigated were food quality (four variables), price (three variables), and company reliability (four variables). Cluster analysis resulted in the subjects being divided into three groups according to their Ramyun's selection attributes, a high-selection group, mid-selection group, and low-selection group. Three groups of samples classified by Ramyun's selection attributes differed based on demographic characteristics (gender and education level) and meal intake behavior (meal numbers, reason for meal, meal time, and meal size).

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.306-310
• /
• 2007

가공식품 섭취에 의한 3-MCPD 위해평가를 위하여 시판 소스류와 라면 스프 중 3-MCPD 오염도를 분석하고 식이 노출량을 산출하였다. 2005년 8월에서 9월 사이 서울에서 유통되고 있는 소스류와 라면 제품을 각 25개씩 수집하고 GC/MS를 이용하여 3-MCPD 잔존량을 분석하였다. 6개 소스 시료에서 3-MCPD가 검출되었고 최대검출 수준은 0.045 mg/kg이었으며 3-MCPD 치대허용치인 0.3 mg/kg을 초과하는 제품은 없었다. 생산량 기준 1인당 소스 소비량을 이용하여 추정한 3-MCPD의 식이노출량은 $0.094{\mu}g/person/day$이었다. 분석된 라면 스프에서 3-MCPD가 검출되지 않아 3-MCPD 식이노출에 라면 스프의 섭취는 기여하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.172-181
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the foods which 424(male 171, female 253) university students surveyed consumed frequently and to evaluate and the factors affecting their food consumption patterns. The survey was conducted at the beginning of nutrition courses each semester, March and September, 1998, with the questionnaire composed of general information, food, drinking and smoking habits, nutrition knowledge/attitude and food frequency questionnaire. The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 89.2% and 78.1% respectively, and the rates of smoking were 68.1% and 1.6% in males and female. The nutrition knowledge score was higher in females than in males, but the nutrition attitude score was not significantly different between the male and female groups. The foods frequently consumed among students were cooked rice(14.3/week), kimchi(11.1/week), coffee(5.7/week), vegetables in soup, jjigae and jorim(3.5/week), carbonated beverages(3.3/week), cooked mixed rice(3.2/week). Ramyun and chocolate·candies·biscuits were frequently consumed, too. There were several factors influencing food consumption patterns. These were gender, regularity of mealtimes, the status of alcohol drinking and smoking, residence type and the levels of nutrition knowledge and attitude. Males ate more frequently cooked rice, coffee, carbonated beverages, ramyun, functional beverages and ham·sausage, while females ate more frequently cooked mixed rice and fruits. Those who had the habits of irregular mealtimes seemed to eat more soft drinks, instant foods and snacks. These trends were also found in the alcohol drinking and smoking groups. High level groups for nutrition knowledge of attitude score chose raw yellow green and green vegetables, cooked mixed rice, soybeans and seaweeds more frequently than the other groups. On the other hand, low level groups for nutrition knowledge or attitude score were apt to eat carbonated beverages and ramyun more frequently. Therefore, more attention should be taken to males, having habits of irregular mealtimes, alcohol drinking and smoking, and low level groups for nutrition knowledge or attitude score so as to improve their health.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.547-551
• /
• 1992

항산화 효과가 있는 붉나무 에탄올 추출물과 몇 가지 synergist를 팜유에 첨가, 라면 제조용 기름으로 사용하였고 같은 항산화제를 넣은 팜유 및 돈지로 감자 후레이크를 제조, $60^{\circ}C$에 저장하면서 함유된 유지의 POV, TBA 그리고 제품의 관능검사를 통하여 산화안정성을 비교, 제품을 평가하였다. 라면의 경우 저장 20일 경과 후 추출한 기름의 POV는 상업적으로 적용하고 있는 표준구(tocopherol 200ppm+citric acid 35 ppm)보다 붉나무 추출물을 첨가한 경우가 상당히 낮았으며 특히 synergist로 ascorbic acid와 tocopherol이 우수하였고 냄새에 의한 관능검사도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 감자 후레이크에서도 항산화제를 첨가하지 않은 팜유를 이용한 경우 저장 9일에서 POV가 12.48이었으나 붉나무 추출물 600 ppm에 ascorbic acid 200 ppm을 첨가한 경우 5.97에 불과하였고 TBA 결과도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 돈지를 이용한 감자 후레이크에서는 붉나무 추출물만을 600 ppm 첨가한 경우 저장 9일에서 무첨가구에 비하여 약 6배의 산화 억제 효과가 있었고 TBA도 비슷한 경향이었다. 붉나무 추출물의 항산화 효과는 팜유보다는 돈지에서 월등히 높았다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the relation of the unhealthy eating habit of high school students in Seoul with their school types. Methods: In cross-sectional study, secondary data was used, representative sample of 7,284 subjects, high school students in Seoul. Consumption rates of Ramyun, Fast-food, and a breakfast-skipping rate were compared by the gender, grade, and school type. Descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ analysis, correlation, and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: The odds ratios (OR) of associated factors on the breakfast-skipping were 1.25 times higher in the 11th grade, 1.26 times in the 12th grade (reference: 10th grade), 1.21 times in school for both gender (reference: only male gender), 2.63 times in the general high school, 4.82 times in the vocational (reference: the autonomous private). The odds ratios (OR) of associated factors on frequent Ramyun intake were 2.10 times in male, 1.79 times in both gender (reference: only male gender), 2.01 times in the general high school, vocational 5.26 times (reference: the autonomous private). The odds ratios (OR) of associated factors on frequent Fast-food intake were 1.89 times in school for both gender (reference: only male gender), 3.93 times in the vocational high school (reference: the autonomous private). Conclusion: Students of the vocational high school than those of the autonomous private had more and more the breakfast-skipping rate, and had more consumption rates of Ramyun and Fast-food. Therefore, in order to improve these problems, intervention for students, diversified school health policy as well as health education to right food intake consumption are needed.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.449-457
• /
• 2021

This study analyzed the nutritional composition (proximate composition, total dietary fiber, calories, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids) of 10 noodle products (tteok ramyun, jjamppong ramyun, kimchi ramyun, instant udon, cup ramyun, jajangmyun, bibimmyun, cream spaghetti, ssalguksu, and milmyun), which account for 85% of the cumulative intake of one or more key nutrients, using data from the 7^th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The moisture contents of bibimmyun, jajangmyun, and cream spaghetti were lower than those of the other noodle products, whereas the crude fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, and calorie contents were the highest. Cream spaghetti had the highest mineral, fatty acid, and amino acid contents, followed by bibimmyun and jajangmyun. Ssalguksu had the lowest contents of most nutrients. These data could be used to populate a food composition database, which can provide consumers with the nutritional information about frequently consumed noodle products.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.102-115
• /
• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 한국에서 라면 출시 이래 변화 양상을 광고 내용 분석을 통해 통시적 관점으로 분석하는 것이다. 조사대상 기간(1963~2912년)을 6개 시대로 분류하였고 신문게재 광고를 중심으로 신제품과 전체제품 광고로 분류하여 총건수 및 평균건수를 구하였다. 신제품에 한해 면 제조법, 제품 형태, 요리 형태, 스프 주재로 등으로 분류하여 형태 변화를 분석하였고 광고에서 강조된 메시지와 모델 변화를 시대별로 알아보았다. 신제품은 185건(3.7건/년), 전체제품 650건(13.7건/년)이었다. 유탕면/건면/생면은 88:6:6%, 봉지면/용기면은 76:24%, 탕면/비빔면은 81:19%, 스프 주재료는 소:기타:해물:닭이 55:21:16:8%이었다. 강조 메시지는 초기에는 맛과 높은 칼로리(영양)에서 후기로 갈수록 면, 맛, 기능성(구체적 영양)로 변화하였다. 광고모델은 배우, 코메디언, 가수, 스포츠선수, 일반인, 전문인 순이었으며 후기로 갈수록 모델이 젊어지고 자주 교체되는 경향을 보였다. '60년대는 적은 신제품을 가장 자주 소비자에게 노출되었고 '80~'96년은 가장 많은 신제품이 나왔으며 '98년~'12년은 신제품, 전체제품모두 자주 광고된 것으로 나타났다. 이상을 바탕으로 1기는 팽창기, 2기는 정착기, 3기는 경쟁기, 4기는 양극화기, 5기는 전환기, 6기는 안정기로 명명하였다. 본 연구는 객관적 자료를 통해 국내 라면사를 사회적 특징과 연결지어 실증적 분석을 했다는 데에 의의가 있으며 라면 연구의 학문적 기초자료 및 향후 라면 업계의 예측자료와 전략 수립에 활용될 수 있으리라 본다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.531-538
• /
• 2011

This study considered the whole intake patterns and realities of consumption of instant noodles on sales targeting children and adolescents. Based on a total of 1021 subjects, data from self-administrated questionnaires were collected and analyzed using comparative statistical analysis, including frequency, chi-square, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results of the study were as follows. The preference levels for instant noodles by children and adolescents were 5.25, thereby showing a more than moderate preference. Middle school boy students' preference for instant noodles was the highest. The main reason for preferring instant noodles was taste and convenience. The main reason for disliking instant noodles was poor nutrition and likelihood of becoming fat. The intake of instant noodles was the highest between lunch and dinner with a frequency of once to twice per week. Content of soup powder given taking instant noodles was the largest in having putted all. The soup quantity of being left given taking instant noodles was possessed the majority in almost not eating soup. The main reason for not consuming soup was being full or concerns for health. A significant difference was observed in preference level for instant noodles and in intake patterns depending on the respondents' general characteristics. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.487-496
• /
• 1998

The survey was conducted in July first to 15th, among 463 elementary school students, 4th grade to 6th grade in Chonj. The subjects were 252 male and 211 female students. The mean age of the subjects was 9.8 year The percent of relative body weight of the subjects compared to Korean standard was 100.1%, it almost matched to Korean standard. The percent of relative body weight in male students was 100.4%, where as the female's was 99.7%. Thirty six percent of the subjects have breakfast irregularly. The reason skipping breakfast were 'no appetite' 50.5%, 'get up late' 35.8%,' no delicious food' 18.2%. The reason skipping breakfast was significantly different by sex and obese index. The frequency taking snack was significantly different by sex, 34.6% of female subjects took snack more than twice per day, while 16.7% of male subjects did it. The most frequently taking snack were fruits, the points was 4.0 of 5.0. Ramyun, Sundai were taking more frequently among males than females. Females took fruits more frequently than males. Hot dog, ice cream ,and chocolate intakes were significantly different by obese index. The most preference of snack were fruits and ice cream in all subjects. The preference of ramyun, hamburger, egg, chicken, dried squid, milk, peanut, and soft drink were higher in males than in females. Biscuit, ice cream, and chocolate preference were significantly different in obese index.