• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1748-1752
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• 2004

숙지황은 제조방법에 따라 각각 그 제조과정의 기준을 달리하고 있어 건지황을 증숙하는 횟수에 따라 5-HMF와 당류의 함량변화를 분석하여 어느 증숙단계가 바람직한지를 검토하고 그 외에 총질소, 조지방, 회분 등을 측정하였다. 건지황에서 는 5-HMF가 나타나지 않았고, 숙지황에서 증수(증수)에 따라 1증에서 6증까지 는 5-HMF의 함량이 서서히 증가하다가 7증에서 크게 증가하였다. 당류는 건지황에서 이당류인 sucrose와 단당류인 fructose 및 glucose가 함유되었으나 증숙과정을 거친 후(1증∼9증) sucrose가 나타나지 않았고, fructose와 glucose의 함량이 크게 증가하였다. 총질소는 건지 황과 증숙과정 을 거 친 숙지 황에서 큰 변화가 없었으며, 조지방의 경우 증숙과정을 거치는 동안 서서히 감소하였다. 회분은 대한약전(제8개정)의 기준(6.0%이하)에 적합하였다. 숙지황의 품질관리를 위한 지표로서 5-HMF함량이 대한약전(제8개정)의 기준(0.1% 이상)에 적합한 증숙과정은 본 연구에서는 7증 이상임을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 숙지황은 그 제조방법에 따라 그 성상 및 성분의 함량이 변화하므로 제조기준으로서 증숙단계를 어느 한 단계로 규정하기보다는 지표성분인 5-HMF가 0.1% 이상인 제조과정이 어느 단계에 해당되는 것인지를 파악하여 제품을 생산하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2017

In this study, to investigate of safety for Benzo(a)pyrene in medicinal herb, 8 kinds of selected commercial herbal medicines (Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Amomi Tsao-Ko Fructus, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Cyperi Rhizoma, Magnoliae Cortex, Scutellariae Radix, Scrophulariae Radix) were analysed using the high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector and assessed the health risk. The levels of benzo(a)pyrene were from non-detection to $28.1{\mu}g/kg$, and the average was $3.6{\mu}g/kg$. Based on a nationwide survey of the consumption of medicinal herb by the Korean population, we estimated the potential risk from the ingestion of benzo(a)pyrene. The estimated daily intake of benzo(a)pyrene was 1.6 ng/kg b.w./day for group only know the daily average intake of medicinal herb. The MOE (margin of exposure) of benzo(a)pyrene for estimate of health risk was $1.93{\times}10^5$. Therefore, health risk from benzo(a)pyrene through intake of herbal medicine was considered negligible.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to make a basis of in vivo or clinical study about alopecia. We investigated the prescriptions of alopecia by researching oriental medicine literature. We found the prescriptions used for alopecia. And we surveyed the frequency and classification of the herbs used for alopecia. The results of this study were recorded as follows. The most frequently used single herbs in the prescriptions were Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Poria(茯笭), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥). Herbs specifically frequently used in the prescriptions of alopecia were as follows. Polygoni Multiflori Radix(何首烏), Rehmanniae Radix(生地黃), Cuscutae Semen(菟絲子), Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), Scutellariae Radix(黃芩), Viticis Fructus(蔓荊子), Aconiti Iateralis Preparata Radix(附子). Herbs frequently used were classified by property. The result was as follows. (()-The number of herbs) 補益藥(32), 解表藥(18), 淸熱藥(15) 收澀藥(9), 活血祛瘀藥(8), 利水滲濕藥(8).

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2011

Twenty-four compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extract of Rehmanniae Radix (Scrophulariaceae) cultivated in Ubo-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongbuk province, Korea and their structures were identified as four iridoids [6-O-(4''-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl) vanilloyl ajugol (17), ajugol (18), aucubin (19), and catalpol (20)], three phenethyl alcohol glycosides [decaffeoyl acteoside (15), isoacteoside (16), and acteoside (21)], five sugar derivatives [ethyl ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranoside (7), eleutheroside C (14), mannitol (22), raffinose (23), and stachyose (24)], two terpenoids [remophilanetriol (4) and glutinolic acid (11)], a lignan, paulownin (2), and eight others [${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (6), monopalmitin (3), pinellic acid (9), uracil (5), adenosine (12), jio-cerebroside (10), aeginetic acid 5-O-${\beta}$-D-quinovoside (8), aeginetoyl ajugol 5''-O-${\beta}$-D-quinovoside (13)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. Among these compounds, paulownin (2), monopalmitin (3), uracil (5), daucosterol (6), ethyl ${\beta}$-D-fructo-furanoside (7), and eleutheroside C (14) were isolated from this plant for the first time.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.56-68
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of Korean medicine therapy of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. Methods Electronic research articles were selected by using NDSL, OASIS, KISS, KMBASE, K-portal, Pubmed, Cochrane, and Ebscohost. Results We analyzed fifteen studies about Korean medicine treatment of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. There are eleven studies on the acupuncture treatment, and the most commonly used acupoints were GV20 and EX-HN1. There are eight studies on the herb medicine treatment. The most commonly used herbal materials are Root of Rehmanniae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata, Root of Rehmanniae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata, Sclerotium of Poria cocos Wolf, and Rhizome of Acori Gramineri Rhizoma. Syncope and hematomas were common side effects of the acupuncture treatment. Also, the acupuncture needle can be stuck or bent during the treatment. In most studies, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders was improved when treated with Korean medicine. Conclusions More studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of Korean medicine in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. This study can be used for various studies of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.198-218
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• 2002

On the basis of Imjeungjinamuian(臨證指南醫案), authors investigated the pathogenesis and treatment of ophthalmotolaryngobgic diseases from the viewpoint of Onbyeong(溫病). 1. The symptoms and diseases investigated according to department were as follows;. 1) Ophthalmology : blepharitis, blepharedema, lacrimal hypersecretion, hyperemia, ophthalmalgla, photopsia, visual disturbance, mydriasis 2) Otology : full-feeling, otorrhea, otalgla, mastoiditis, tinnitus, hearing disturbance, vertigo 3) Rhinology : rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sinusitis, epistaxis 4) Laryngology : sore throat, hoarseness 5) The Others : headache, cough, asthma 2. The pathogenesis and treatment of ophthalmotolaryngologic diseases were as follows. 1) When the pathogenesis of hyperemia, otorrhea, otalgia, mastoiditis, hearing disturhance. epistaxis, sore throat, headache and cough are wind-stagnanc(風鬱), wind-warm(風溫), wind-fire(風火), wind-dryness(風燥), dryness-heat(燥熱), the treatment of pungent-cool-evaporating(辛凉解表) with Dajosan(茶調散), Mori Folium(桑葉), Lonicerae Flos(金銀花), Forsythiae Fructus(連翹), Viticis Fructus(蔓荊子), Prunellae Spica(夏枯草), Arctii Fructus(牛蒡子), etc can be applied. 2) When the pathogenesis of hoarseness, cough and asthma are cold(寒), cold with endogenous heat(寒包熱, 外冷內熱), water retention(水邪), fluid retention(伏飮), impairment of YangKi by overexertion(勞傷陽氣), the treatment of pungent-warm-evaporating(辛溫解表) with Mahaenggamseoktang(麻杏甘石湯), Socheongryongtang(小靑龍湯), Jeongryeokdaejosapyetang(정력대조사폐탕), Gyejitang(桂枝湯), Armeniacae Amarum Semen(杏仁), etc can be applied. 3) When the pathogenesis of photopsia, otorrhea, otalgia, rhinorrhea, sinusitis, epistaxis, sore throat, hoarseness, headache and cough are stagnancy-induced heat(鬱熱), wind-dryness(風燥), wind-heat(風熱), summer heat(暑熱), summer wind(暑風), insidious summer heat(伏暑), autumn heat(秋暑), autumn wind(秋風), autumn dryness(秋燥), dryness-heat(燥熱), heat in Ki system(氣分熱), insidious warm(溫伏), brain discharge by fire in Ki system(氣火 腦熱), heat in stomach(胃熱), endogenous fire by deficiency of Yin(陰虛內火), deficiency of Yin in stomach(胃陰虛), the treatment of Ki-cooling(淸氣) with Bangpungtongseongsan(防風通聖散), Ikweonsan(益元散), Gyejibaekhotang(桂枝白虎湯), Geumgwemaekmundongtang(금궤맥문동탕), Gyeongokgo(瓊玉膏), Sojae Semen Praeparatum(두시), Scutellariae Radix(黃芩), Phyllostachys Folium(竹葉), Adenophorae Radix(沙參), Mori Cortex(桑白皮), Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus(貝母), etc can be applied. 4) When the pathogenesis of blepharitis, hyperemia, ophthalmalgia, full-feeling, otorrhea, otalgia, tinnitus, hearing disturbance, sinusitis, hoarseness, headache and cough are fire in liver(肝火), fire in gallbladder(膽火), ministerial fire in Soyang system(少陽相火), wind-stagnancy(風鬱), stagnancy-induced fire(鬱火), brain discharge by phlegm-fire(痰火 腦熱), the treatment of mediation(和解) with Gardeniae Fructus(梔子), Moutan Cortex(牧丹皮), Saigae Tataricae Cornu(羚羊角), Artemisiae Annuae Herba(靑蒿), Cyperi Rhizoma(香附子), Poria(적복령), etc can be applied. 5) When the pathogenesis of blepharedema and cough are dampness in both spleen and lung(脾肺濕) damp-heat(濕熱), damp-phlegm(濕痰), the treatment of dampness-resolving(化濕) with Poria(백복령), Coicis Semen(薏苡仁), Tetrapanacis Medulla(通草), Armeniacae Amarum Semen(杏仁), Talcum(滑石), etc can be applied. 6) When the pathogenesis of vertigo and cough are deficiency of Yong(營虛), heat in Yong, system(營熱), the treatment of Yong-cooling(淸營) with Rehmanniae Radix(生地黃), Liriopis Tuber(麥門冬), Biotae Semen(柏子仁), Lilii Bulbus(百合), Phyllostachys Folium(竹葉), etc can be applied. 7) When the pathogenesis of epistaxis are heat in blood system of heart(心血熱), reversed flow of fire(火上逆), overexertion(努力), the treatment of blood-cooling(凉血) with Rhinoceri Cornu(犀角), Rehmanniae Radix(生地黃), Moutan Cortex(牧丹皮), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix(丹參), Scrophulariae Radix(玄蔘), etc can be applied. 8) When the pathogenesis of nasal obstruction is pathogen-stagnancy(邪鬱), the treatment of resuscitation(開竅) with Sosang(少商, LU11) acupuncture can be applied. When the pathogenesis of hoarseness is evil Ki(穢濁), the treatment of resuscitation(開竅) with Arctii Fructus(牛蒡子), Lasiosphaera Seu Calvatia(馬勃), Curcumae Radix(鬱金), etc can be applied. When the pathogenesis of headache is stasis of both Ki and blood(氣血瘀痺), the treatment of resuscitation(開竅) with Cnidii Rhizoma(川芎), Asari Herba Cum Radice(細辛), Scorpio(全蝎), moxibustion(灸), etc can be applied. 9) When the pathogenesis of lacrimal hypersecretion, visual disturbance, mydriasis, tinnitus, hearing disturbance, sinusitis, epistaxis, hoarseness and cough are deficiency of Yin(陰虛), deficiency of kidney(腎虛), deficiency of both liver and kidney(肝腎虛), deficiency of both heart and kidney(心腎虛), brain discharge by deficiency of Yin(陰虛 腦熱), exuberance of Yang in liver(肝陽上亢), overexertion(勞損), the treatment of Yin-replenishing(滋陰) with Yukmijihwanghwan(六味地黃丸), Hojamhwan(虎潛丸), Jeobutang(猪膚湯), Lycii Fructus(枸杞子), Polygoni Multiflori Radix(何首烏), Rehmanniae Radix(生地黃), Schizandrae Fructus(五味子), Liriopis Tuber(麥門冬), Asini Gelatinum(阿膠), etc can be applied. 10) When the pathogenesis of ophthalmalgia, mydriasis, vertigo and headache are deficiency of Yin in liver(肝陰虛), exuberance of Yang in liver(肝陽上亢), endogenous wind(內風), excess in upper and deficiency in lower part(上實下虛), the treatment of Yin-replenishing(滋陰) and endogenous wind-calming(熄風) with Rehmanniae Radix Preparat(熟地黃), Lycii Fructus(枸杞子), Polygoni Multiflori Radix(何首烏), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Ostreae Concha(牡蠣), Saigae Tataricae Cornu(羚羊角), Chrysanthemi Flos(菊花), etc be applied. 11) When the pathogenesis of mydriasis, sinusitis, hoarseness, headache, cough and asthma are exhaustion of vital essence(精氣無收藏), brain discharge(腦髓不固), floating Yang(陽虛浮), exsanguination(失血), deficiency of both Yin and Yang(陰陽不足), overexertion(勞損), deficiency of Yang in kidney(腎陽虛), the treatment of Yang-restoring and exhaustion-arresting(回陽固脫) with Yangyeongtang(養營湯), Cheonjinhwan(天眞丸), Bokmaektang(복맥탕), Geonjungtang(建中湯), Dogihwan(都氣丸), Singihwan(腎氣丸), Jinmutang(眞武湯), Ostreae Concha(牡蠣), Nelumbinis Semen(蓮子肉), etc can be applied. 12) When the pathogenesis of lacrimal hypersecretion, vertigo and headache are deficiency of stomach and endogenous wind(胃虛內風), endogenous wind with phlegm(內風挾痰), liver check of stomach(肝木橫擾), the treatment of concomitant-treating of both liver and stomach(肝胃同治) with Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Uncariae Ramulus Et Uncus(釣鉤藤), Gastrodiae Rhizoma(天麻), Astragali Radix(황기), Pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏), etc can be applied. When the pathogenesis of asthma is failure of kidney to promote inspiration(腎不納氣), the treatment of kidney-tonifing and inspiration-promoting(補腎納氣) with Singihwan(腎氣丸), Psoraleae Fructus(補骨脂), Juglandis Semen(胡桃), Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum(沈香), etc can be applied. When the pathogenesis of asthma is deficiency of Ki(氣虛), the treatment of Ki-reinforcing(補氣) with Sagunjatang(四君子湯), Insamgeonjungtang(人參建中湯), etc can be applied.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.54-72
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this review is to investigate studies on Estrogen-like activity and to contribute to the utilization of herbal medicines including phytoestrogens. Methods: Electric searches were performed with Pubmed from 2013 to June 2018, for the words, 'herb and estrogen', 'traditional Chinese medicine and estrogen', 'Oriental medicine and estrogen', and 'Korean medicine and estrogen'. 49 papers are investigated and classified into 'in vitro', 'in vivo' and 'in vivo and in vitro' experimental studies. Results: 1. In vitro experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rubi Fructus, Sparganii Rhizoma, Epimedii Herba, Spatholobi Caulis, Evodiae fructus, Curcumae longae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Puerariae Radix, Scutellariae Radix are present. 2. In vivo experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Phytolaccae Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix, Puerariae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Cyperi Rhizoma, Cistanchis Herba, Cynomorii Herba, Granati fructus, Astragali Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Crudus, Epimedii Herba, Polygalae Radix, Artemisiae Annuae Herba are present. 3. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Cirsii Herba, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Cynomorii Herba, Cinnamomi cortex, Drynariae Rhizoma, Psoraleae Semen, Schisandrae Fructus, Epimedii Herba, Astragali Radix are present. Conclusions: Future studies will require additional research on numerous herbal medicines used in clinical practice.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1518-1524
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 생지황과 숙지황 물 추출물을 감압농축 시킨 페이스트를 만들어 이화학적 특성과 항산화능을 분석하였다. 명도는 생지황 농축 페이스트보다 숙지황 농축 페이스트가 낮았다. 적색도는 생지황 농축 페이스트가 1.3으로 숙지황 농축 페이스트보다 높게 측정되었다. 황색도는 생지황 농축 페이스트가 0.68로 숙지황 농축 페이스트보다 높게 측정되었으며, 색도는 각 시료간의 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 당도는 숙지황 농축 페이스트가 72.0$^{\circ}Brix$를 나타내어 더 높게 나타났고, 환원당 함량 또한 숙지황 농축 페이스트가 44.9%로 더 높게 나타났다. pH는 숙지황 농축 페이스트의 pH가 4.1을 나타내어 생지황 농축 페이스트의 pH인 5.6보다 낮았다. 일반성분 분석에서 조단백은 숙지황 농축 페이스트에서 3.3%, 생지황 농축 페이스트에서 2.0%로 나타나 숙지황 농축 페이스트에서 더 높게 나타났다. 유효성분 분석에서 catalpol 함량은 생지황 농축 페이스트에서 183.1 mg/mL로 검출되었고 숙지황 농축 페이스트에서는 검출되지 않았으며, 5-HMF는 숙지황 농축 페이스트에서만 검출되었다. 총 phenol 함량 측정 결과 숙지황 농축 페이스트가 12.36 mg/mL로 현저히 높은 함량을 나타내었고 DPPH radical 소거능 측정 결과 $IC_{50}$ 값이 생지황 농축 페이스트, 숙지황 농축 페이스트의 순으로 감소하여 숙지황 농축 페이스트의 항산화능이 더 높게 나타났다. Hydroxyl radical 소거능 측정 결과 $IC_{50}$ 값은 숙지황 농축 페이스트의 값이 1.45 mg/mL로 더 낮게 나타나 숙지황 농축 페이스트의 항산화능이 더 높게 나타났고, FRAP 활성 측정 결과 또한 숙지황 농축 페이스트가 2.02 mg/mL로 더 높아 항산화능이 더 높게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과, 숙지황 농축 페이스트의 선호도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 보아 지황의 농축페이스트 중에서 식품소재로 활용될 때 숙지황 농축 페이스트가 더 적당한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2013

생리활성이 높은 지황을 식품소재로 간편하게 활용할 수 있도록 하기 위한 연구로, 생지황과 숙지황을 동결건조한 후 이화학적 특성과 항산화능 분석 및 관능검사를 실시하였다. 명도와 황색도는 숙지황 분말이 숙지황 분말보다 낮았고, 적색도는 숙지황 분말이 생지황 분말보다 높았다. 당도 및 환원당 함량은 숙지황 분말이 $30.3^{\circ}Brix$ 및 6.06%로 생지황분말에 비하여 높았다. pH는 숙지황 분말은 4.23으로 생지황 분말의 6.71보다 낮았으며 산도는 숙지황 분말은 0.35%로 생지황 분말의 0.20%보다 높았다. 일반성분 분석에서 수분함량은 숙지황 분말 4.2%, 지황분말 3.8%로 숙지황 분말에서 높았으나 그 외 일반성분은 유사하였다. 유효지표성분 분석에서 catalpol 함량은 생지황 분말에서 144.96 mg/mL로 검출되었고 숙지황 분말에서는 47.20 mg/mL로 검출되었다. 5-HMF는 숙지황 분말에서만 검출되었다. 총 phenol 함량 측정 결과 생지황 분말이 2.09 mg/mL, 숙지황 분말이 3.66 mg/mL로 생지황 분말보다 숙지황 분말에서 현저히 높은 함량을 나타내었고 DPPH radical 소거능 측정 결과 $IC_{50}$ 값이 생지황 분말 26.64 mg/mL, 숙지황 분말 13.74 mg/mL로 숙지황 분말의 항산화능이 매우 높았다. Hydroxyl radical 소거능 $IC_{50}$ 값은 숙지황 분말의 값이 6.37 mg/mL로 생지황 분말의 13.27 mg/mL보다 더 낮게 나타나 숙지황 분말의 항산화능이 더 높게 나타났다. FRAP 활성 측정 결과 생지황 분말이 0.51 mg/mL, 숙지황 분말이 1.99 mg/mL로 숙지황 분말이 높아 전반적으로 숙지황 분말의 항산화능이 더 높았다. 이상의 결과로부터 숙지황 분말이 식품소재로 더 적당한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide clinical evidences on effectiveness of herbal medicine treatment regarding pediatric growth based on recent clinical studies. Methods Selected 17 clinical studies since January 1998 to June 2018 from the Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine and OASIS Traditional Medicine Knowledge Portal were reviewed. Results Medications that strengthening spleen and stomach (健脾胃藥), digestant (消導藥), supplementing kidneys (補 腎藥), and lungs (補肺藥) were frequently used. Frequently used herbs were Hoelen (茯?), Citri Pericarpium (陳皮), Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (白朮), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (山藥), Angelicae Gigantis Radix (當歸), Amomi Fructus (砂仁), Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (熟地黃). Conclusions This study showed that Korean herb medicine treatment can be effective for pediatric growth.