• 생약학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1975

Attempts were made to determine the characteristics of the morphology of Codonopsis lanceolata $T_{RAUT's}$ root. Its saponin and crude powder were examined by foaming and hemolytic tests and by observing transverse sections: 1) The cork-layer was consisted of multiple cells, and some of the cork cells contained monoclinic prism crystals of calcium oxalates. 2) The vascular bundle was formed of radial arrangement by the preminentic bursting pith and the irregular cambium ring with the abnormal growth. 3) The latex vessel and latex of the cortex were brown-gray or yellowish-brown. The latex vessel and sieve tube were consisted of the independent aggregates which had a number of layers. It had much more independent aggregates than Platycodi Radix. 4) The xylem was less than the phloem portion. The thick-walled vessels which had one to five lines ware more distributed than in Platycodi Radix. 5) The inulin distribution on a piece of section which is dipped in alcohol was observed through out the tissues, but starch grain was not found in it. 6) The duration time of foaming reaction of the crude powder in test tubes was shorter than that of Platycodi Radix. Foaming index of the foaming test of five percent decoctions was 3.33, 7) In the hemolytic test which used 10 percent decoction and one percent saponin solution, hemolytic action was very weak.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2018

Objectives: The study was designed to provide clinical evidence of homogeneity in analysis of the herbal medicine, Guipi decoction in treating insomnia, using a t-test of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: This study included RCTs that verified homogeneity of Guipi decoction in treating insomnia. Literature studies of CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database) were performed. The basic components group was made to the Guipi decoction of the Yixuerumen?s text. The excluded group was created with the number of herbs excluded from the basic components group. T-test performed that the effective rate in the basic components group and excluded groups. Results: The basic components of Guipi decoction contain Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Poria Sclerotium (Poria Sclerotium Cum Pini Radix), Polygalae Radix, Astragali Radix, Zizyphi Semen, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Aucklandiae Radix, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Ginseng Radix (Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix), Longanae Arillus. Herbs excluded from the basic components group were Longanae Arillus, Ginseng Radix (Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer and herbs added to the basic components group were Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg, Schisandrae Fructus, Salviae Militiorrhizae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba (in order from the most used to the least). T-test revealed the effective rate in the basic components group was not statistically significant compared to the excluded groups (p=0.161/p=0.162/p=0.103). Conclusions: Effectiveness in treatment of basic components of Guipi decoction and excluded groups were revealed to be homogeneous in treating insomnia. As the number of herbs in the basic components group decreased, mean value in effectiveness of treatment also decreased consequentially. However, there were no statistical significances.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1365-1380
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• 2007

Based on the theories and clinical data of oriental medicine, traditional medicinal prescriptions known to be effective to diabetic nephropathy were collected. The prescriptions were carefully examined and analyzed in order to be used as fundamental material for experiments and in clinicals. More than 40 publications related to diabetes were arranged and analyzed. Of the complications, diabetic nephropathy part of the publications were specifically focused during analysis. Data were analyzed and classified according to the quantity, prescription, differentiation of symptoms, signs and addition and subtraction of each medicine. Frequently used medicines were statistically analyzed. The most frequently used prescription was Yukmigihwang-tang(六味地黃湯) based medicine and prescriptions of its addition and subtraction, which was 15% of the total prescriptions cited. The most frequently used medicine was Astragali Radix, mentioned 192 times in the prescriptions. Hoelen was next with 180 citations, followed by Dioscoreae Rhizoma with 147 times, Rehmanniae Radix with 140, Corni Fructus with 131, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix with 106, Angelicae Gigantis Radix with 101, Alismatis Rhizoma with 95, Rhei Rhizoma with 90, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba with 84, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata with 78, Leonuri Herba with 74, Moutan Cortex Radicis with 66, Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix with 66 Cnidii Rhizoma with 65, Pseudostellaria heterophylla with 62, Liriopis Tuber with 55, Lycii Fructus with 52, Rhei Rhizoma with 49, Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix with 44, Paeoniae Radix Rubra with 44, Schisandrae Fructus with 42, Polyporus with 42, Achyranthis Radix with 41 and Euryales Semen with 40. Medicines prescribed more than 30 grams a day included Astragali Radix, Imperatae Rhizoma, Benincasae Pericarpium, Leonuri Herba, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Plantaginis Semen, Polyporus, Hoelen, Halloysitum Rubrum, Achyranthis Radix, Arecae Pericarpium, Phaseoli Angularis Semen, Coicis Semen, Rhei Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Sargassum, Ostreae Concha, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Epimedii Herba, Rehmanniae Radix, Scrophulariae Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma. No scientific reports on the traditional medicinal aspects of diabetic nephropathy was searched. This analysis report would be able to provide the basis of developing new drug candidates for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, as well as securing the EBM for the traditional medicines already being prescribed to the patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.677-682
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• 2000

Idopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is the most common autoimmune hematologic disorder. The use of glucocorticoids and splenectomy have been the mainstays of treatment of ITP Some studies have shown that chinese herbal medicine treatment increase platelet count level of ITP patients. However, there is a lack of research considering oriental herbal medicine with ITP, in korea. A 33-year-old female who had diagnosed ITP on Mar 1999, was treated herbal medicine for decreased platelet count level$(34000/{\mu}l)$ that was identified on regular follow-up. this patient's platelet count level was get to normal$(139000/{\mu}l)$ by BuQiSheXue(補氣攝血) pattern herbal medicine that composed with Radix Astragali(黃?), Herba Agrimoniae(仙鶴草), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae(白朮), Radix codonopsis(黨參), etc. I report the case with a review of literature.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 2001

In the result of investigating the drugs for replenishing Qi in many herbal books, we could get consistent relation in their immunopharmacologic effects as follows: 1. The effects of drugs for replenishing Qi was shown in the Shen Nong's Herbal, but its classification was natural such as trees and plants, insects and beasts, fruits, vegetables, and we think that trial about classification of drugs for replenishing Qi was accomplished in the ben-cao-jiu-zhen(本草求眞). 2. Main drugs for replenishing Qi was Gingseng Radix, Codonopsis pilosulae Radix, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix. 3. Drugs for replenishing Qi commonly contain polysaccharides as much, and it was thought that they have also immunopharmacolologic effects by means of activating T and B cells, secreting cytokines, making lymphocytes, activating NK cells, increasing abilities of voracity and generating antibodies. 4. Drugs for replenishing Qi mainly replenish lung-Qi and Wei-Qi so that they have also effects of activating T and B cells, secreting cytokines, making lymphocytes, activating NK cells, increasing abilities of voracity and generating antibodies. 5. Drugs for replenishing Qi modulate content of cAMP and inhibit Na(+)-K(+) ATPase, so that they have effects of treating indistinctive pulse from Qi deficiency by means of inhibition delivery of chemical substances, activating lymphocytes. promoting contraction of myocardium.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2000

In order to strengthen objectivity and availability of oriental herb medicine, the standard formula for herbs has been attempted to set up by experimenting and documentary testing original herbs which were recorded in authorized document. The object herb medicine is Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix. The internal and external morphological standard in this study is expected to supply the search for several physiochemical reaction, biological reaction, determination of indicator material and identification of gene with basic sources in the future. The result of study is as follows; In the external shape, it was possible that herbs were distinguished according to artificial classification and that same genus-degree of relatedness among herbs could be distinguished by more precise and active observation. In the shape of real herbs, I compared current herbs in market with original herbs which were just collected or were on the course of drying. In addition, it was possible that the internal shape could be identified by using microscope after butanol series. In powder herbs, it was possible to purify the shape by microscope through maceration of natural and powder herbs. Though it was impossible to make distinction of herbs which are not current in my search contents, this search contents will be a standard for alpplying herbs in the future. Despite such a useful character, it was difficult to deal with power herbs because it was uncertain to make a standard for them on account of the crush of these tissue. Since powders shape of herbs in a few documents were regard not as the powder shapes of natural herbs but as the maceration state of them. It is suggested that we should inspect the original herbs which are not crushed yet with a microscope in order to identify crushed shape of powder herbs from now on. An Additional standard establishment including physiochemical reaction and gene research is required in order to supplement the fault of this search. As for the supplement about this search, considering that many kinds of same genus-degree of relatedness are being current now, it is necessary that each herb should he collected only after identifying and that the succeeding search of each herb should be proceeded for the regular establishment of internal and external standard.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2008

To make a bibliographical review on the most frequently used prescriptions and herbs in treating the uterine carcinoma. 43 texts in China and 6 texts in Korea published since 1980 were reviewed for this objective. 590 Oriental Herbal Medicine formulas composed of 457 herbs were investigated. The frequency and efficacy of each herb used were statistically analyzed. The most frequently used herbal medicine formulas were Danchisoyosan in hepatic Qi stasis, Sihosogan-tang mixed with Lungeumdaebo-tang in damage of conception and thoroughfare vessel, Danchisoyosangagam in blood heat, Hoangyunhaedok-tang in pattern of retained dampness-heat, Jibapjihang-tang in iver-kidney yin deficiency pattern, Naebohyunhapsamyoungbaekchulsan in spleen-kidney yang deficiency pattern. The herbal medicines most frequently used were; Angelicae gigantis radix(126 times), Phellodendri cortex(91 times), Borneolum(87 times), Glycyrrhizae radix and Paeoniae radix alba(82 times), Realgar and Alumen(80times), Poria(77 times), Astragali radix(75 times), Moschus and Myrrha(74 times), Coicis semen and Olibanum(73 times), Codonopsis pilosulae radix and Scutellaria bardata Don(70 times) etc. The effect of the most frequently used herbs were : heat-clearing medicine(12), blood-circulation and stasis-dispelling medicine(9), tonifying and replenishing medicine(5), ointments(5), heat-clearing and blood-cooling medicine(3) and etc. The most frequently used herbs may be applied in future animal studies and clinical trials. Also this data can be used as a reference in formulating new Oriental Herbal Medicine formulas for uterine carcinoma.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2013

This study was designed to determine and compare the cognitive enhancing effect of various Codonopsis lanceolata extracts by steaming, fermentation and high hydrostatic pressure process. We prepared water extract of C. lanceolata, steamed C. lanceolata, steamed and fermented C. lanceolata and C.lanceolata by high hydrostatic pressure process and fermentation. Cognitive enhancing effect of extracts was evaluated in scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice using by passive avoidance test and Morris water maze tests. MTT assay was conducted to investigate neuroprotective effect on glutamate induced cell death in HT22 cells. Steamed and fermented C. lanceolata water extract decreased escape latency in Morris water maze test and increased the latency time of the passive avoidance test compared to other extracts. Furthermore, the steamed and fermented C. lanceolata water extract showed neuroprotective effect. These results suggest that steaming and fermentation process more improve cognitive enhancing effect of C. lanceolata than other process.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2010

Objetcives : Cancer cachexia is a common syndrome in advanced cancer patients, which is characterized by profound changes in protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in anorexia, weight loss, muscle wasting and poor performance status. We studied the journals of Chinese herb medicine about cancer cachexia and reported the results. Methods : This study attempted to analyze the contents of the research papers concerning the treatment of cancer cachexia presented in the journals of Chinese medicine published in China over the period between 2000 and 2009. Results & Conclusions : The principles for medical treatment were invigorating Ki(益氣), invigorating the spleen(健脾), regulating the stomach(和胃), nourishing the blood(養血), nourishing Eum(補陰), promoting the circulation of Ki(行氣), removing the phlegm(化痰), removing blood stasis(祛瘀) etc. The used herbs were Poria(茯笭), Astragali Radix(黃芪), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(白朮), Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix(黨蔘), Dioscoreae Rhizoma(山藥), Citri Pericarpium(陳皮), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Coicis Pemen(薏苡仁), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥) etc. The effetcive rate of treatment with Chinese herb medicine group was comparable or even more effetcive. Chinese herb medicine group had little side effetcs. Chinese medicine herb treatment to inhibit cancer cachexia has many possibilities.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2009

This study is to specify the criteria and testing methods of WHW extract which has a potency as a therapeutic agent for chronic renal failure. The determination of specifications of WHW extract is mostly important because of the quality assurance. Three batches of WHW extract were obtained by the extraction at $98^{\circ}$C for 3 hr using water from mixture of 15 herbal medicines including Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix, Salviae Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Evodiae Fructus, Epimedii Herba, Rhei Rhizoma, Perillae Herba, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Artemixiae capillaris Herba, Alimatis Rhizoma, Hoelen, Atractylodies Rhizoma alba, Polyporus and Cinnamomi Ramulus, subsequently, vaccum-dried for 15 hr. The yield of WHW extracts was 24.53% on the average. The identification of each herbal medicine of WHW extract was performed by modification of Korean Pharmacopeia IX (KP IX). The assay of WHW extract was performed using standard such as berberine, icariin, glycyrrhizin, and cinnamic acid of indicative herbal medicines by modification of KP IX, too. As well as, paticle size classification test was carried out to indicate the boundary of particle size of WHW extract and the particle size of WHW extract more than 50% showed the 140 ${\mu}$m. Taken together, WHW extract could be prepared reproducibly and assurable if follows the presented extraction and drying steps and its specifications were satisfied with the indicated criteria.