• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.222.3-223
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• 2003

Codonopsis radix, a root of Codonopsis lanceolata (S. et Z.) Trautv., is a source of the traditional medicine and health foods. However quality control method is not established yet. This research is to establish the standard for the quality control of Codonopsis radix. From the root of this plant, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-${\beta}$-carboline -3-carboxylic acid (1) was isolated. This alkaloid was adequate as a marker compound for quality control, since it is a unique constituent of Codonopsis radix. In particular, (1) was not found in Adenophorae radix, a common adulterants of Codonopsis radix. (omitted)

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2006

By using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection, a simple and accurate chromatographic fingerprint method was developed for the identification of Radix Codonopsis (roots of Codonopsis) from different sources. Eighteen herbs of Codonopsis at different habitats in China, including roots from Codonopsis pilosula, Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta and Codonopsis tangshen were analyzed by the fingerprint. The amount of lobetyolin was calibrated, which was found to be more consistent in roots of Codonopsis pilosula as compared to that of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta and Codonopsis tangshen. Having the fingerprint results, hierarchical clustering analyses were performed to classify the eighteen herbs into three groups: Codonopsis pilosula, Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta and Codonopsis tangshen. This clustering analysis agrees very well with the pharmacognostic identification result, and which could be used as a tool in the quality control of Radix Codonopsis.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2001

50여개의 primer를 사용하여 잔대 Adenophora triphylla와 층층잔대 A. radiatifolia Nakai, 그리고 더덕 Codonopsis laceolata Trautv의 지역간, 속간의 차이점과 감별여부를 RAPD법으로 시행한 결과, 잔대와 층층잔대의 차이점은 거의 없었으며, 더덕의 지역차이는 0.889의 유전적거리를 나타내었다. 두 종(種)을 구별할 수 있는 특이 band로는 primer 357, 361, 363, 393 이었으며, 건조약재와 비교하였을 때 재현성이 확인되었고, 또한 잔대와 더덕의 건조약재를 각각 혼합시켰을 때 이를 구별할 수 있는 major band가 뚜렷이 나타나 혼용되어있는 건조약재에서의 감별이 가능함을 알 수 있었다..

• 생약학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.136-140
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• 1985

Sixty-eight kinds of aliphatic and aromatic substances peaks from ether extract of Codonopsis pilosulae Radix were shown by GC-Mass. Of them, 3 kinds of compounds were identified as ethyl benzene, acetophenone and 1-phenyl-2-butanone, which are compared with authentic specimen, and one compound was assumed as an aliphatic $C_8H_{16}O\;or\;C_9H_{20}$.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 1996

더덕 물추출물이 면역세포에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구한 결과, 더덕 물추출물을 경구투여한 경우 흉선세포의 증식을 촉진하였으나, 흉선세포에 직접 처리한 경우는 그다지 영향을 주지 않았다. 경구투여시 TH 세포를 활성화하였다. 더덕물추출물은 경구투여시 복강 매크로파지의 NO 생성을 억제하였고, 사람 PMN 세포의 phagocytosis를 증가시켰다. 이 결과는 더덕이 생체내에서 면역작용을 증강시킬 수 있는 것을 시사한다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1988

The effect of ethanol extracts of Gilkyung(Platicodi Radix, Platicodongrandiflorum A, DC), Onji(Polygalae Radix, Polygala tennuifolia Willdenow) and Deoduk(Codonopsis lanceolate Radix, Codonopsis lanceolata) on expectorant activity of rat trachea was investigated. Following treatment of 50% ethanol extract of these medicinal plants (25 mg/rat), the content of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and histamine in tissue was significantly increased. The secretions of acid glycoproteins and the artificially injected phenol red were also increased. However, there was no significant difference except Onji From the histological study through periodic acid Schiff and alcian blue stain, the thickness of inner membrane of acinar glands and the stained glycoproteins on surface of epithelium and on the glands were observed in all the rats trachea treated with extract of medicinal plants. In vitro, the viscosity of mucin solution was slightly decreased with an addition of the extracts. Onji showed the most effective expectorant activity among them at the identical conditions. The mechanism of expectorant activity of these medicinal plants seems to be due to stimulation of secretion and changes of rheological properties of mucus.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1987

The mutagenic activities of the pyrolyzates (300, 600, 750 and 85$0^{\circ}C$ ) of extracts from three saponeous expectorants (Platicodi Radix, Polygalae Radix and Asiasari Radix) and two nonalkaloidal antitussives (Lirionis Tuber and Codonopsis lanceolata Radix), medicinal plants, were studied in the Ames Salmonella/microsomes test system. The pyrolysates of Codonopsis lanceolata Radix and Asiasari Radix extracts at 85$0^{\circ}C$ were slightly mutagenic to tester strain TA98( frame shift ) and TA100(base-pair substitution) of Salmonella typhimurium, and the mutagens in these pyrolyzates required the metabolic activation by a liver microsomal fraction However, the extracts and pyrolyzates of all medicinal plants tasted except the above two results dud not show the significant increase in revertant colonies.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

Objectives : The root of Codonopsis pilosula (Fr.) Nannf. (Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix) has been traditionally used as a oriental medicine with an anti-thrombotic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-gastric ulcer effects and immunological adjuvant. In this study, we investigated the effect of 70% ethanol extract of Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix (CPR-E) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic responses in mice. Methods : Mice were sensitized (1, 8, and 15 days) with OVA and airway challenged(22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 days) to induced allergic responses. CPR-E extract at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/body weight was orally administered from days 21 to 30 consecutively. The levels of allergic mediators such as histamine, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and Th1/Th2 cytokines such as IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 were measured in the sera of mice by ELISA. The histological change of lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results : CPR-E extract significantly decreased the serum levels of histamine, OVA-specific IgE, and IL-4 compared with those of OVA control group, but significantly increased the serum level of IFN-${\gamma}$. Based on H&E staining, CPR-E extract inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells into lung tissues with histological changes. Conclusions : These results indicate that CPR-E extract has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic responses through regulating the cytokine balance, suggesting that the extract may be useful for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

Objectives : This study is aimed at establishing the discriminative criteria for Adenophorae Radix (AT; Sasam), Codonopsis Lanceolatae Radix (CL; Yangyu) and Adenophorae Remotiflori Radix (AR; Jeni). Because of confusable publications and the similitude of herb shape, CL and AR have been used as AT in the markets. Methods : We firstly discriminated and confirmed AT, CL and AR through observing the external morphology of original plants. Then, external-internal morphological features of the medicinal herbs were studied. A stereoscope was used to determine macroscopic features of dried herbal medicines and a microscope was conducted to examine internal features with the samples, which were embedded in paraffin and stained. Results : 1. The original plant of CL was discriminated with the stem shape in comparison with others. AT and AR were classified by the leaf position of original plant. 2. In the macroscopic morphological study of medicinal herbs, CL had lumps, which seem like a wart. Also, AT and AR were different in the density of cross section. 3. In the microscopic morphological study of the medicinal herbs, the phloem, fissures and the arrangement of xylem were selected as discriminative criteria for 3 kinds of herbs. With these contents, we suggested the identification keys, including further details. Conclusions : These results, especially identification keys, will be helpful to distinguish 3 kinds of herbs, referred to as a 'Sasam'. Moreover, macroscopic and microscopic methods used in this article would be applicable tools for the discrimination of other herbs.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study was purposed to compare Adenophorae Radix (henceforth AR), Codonopsis lanceolatae Radix (henceforth ClR) and Glehniae Radix cum Rhizoma (henceforth GRcR) concerning their anti-oxidant effect. Methods : We measured eythrocyte, leukocyte, thrombocyte, serum albumin, total bilirubin, LDL cholesterol, and glucose as well as SOD, GSH, catalase, NO, and MDA in the rat liver oxidatively stressed by AAPH. Results : 1. The oxidative stress-induced thrombocyte levels were significantly decreased in CIR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 2. The oxidative stress-impaired SOD acitivities were significantly recovered in AR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 3. The oxidative stress-reduced GSH contents were significantly increased in ClR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 4. The oxidative stress-reduced catalase contents were significantly increased in all of the three groups. 5. The oxidative stress-induced NO productions were significantly decreased in all of the three groups. Conclusions : AR, ClR, and GRcR altogether showed the anti-oxidant effect in the rat liver oxidatively stressed by AAPH. The anti-oxidant properties of tAR, ClR, and GRcR seem to be similar even if those have different botanical properties and different medical efficacies in oriental medicine.