• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2003

Through the research into the date of Radix Thichosanthis main blended 21 kinds of prescriptions Radix Thichosanthis from Donguibogam. This study summrized as follows; The suitable dosage of Radix Thichosanthis per one application is one to two don(about $4{\sim}8g$). Radix Thichosanthis Radix main blended prescriptions broadly use in the symptoms of diabetes, excessive thirst, cabuncles and eye diseases In diabetes and excessive thirst, the structes of Radix Thichosanthis main blended prescriptions are commonly used Seng Mak San(生脈散), Radix Puerariae(葛根), Frectus Schisandrae(五味子), Radix Ophiopogonis(麥門冬) In Furuncles, Carbuncles and Cancer like diseases, the structes of Radix Thichosanthis main blended prescriptions are generally used Kumeunhwasan(金銀花散), Jipaesan(芷貝散), Twonongsan(透膿散).

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.54-72
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this review is to investigate studies on Estrogen-like activity and to contribute to the utilization of herbal medicines including phytoestrogens. Methods: Electric searches were performed with Pubmed from 2013 to June 2018, for the words, 'herb and estrogen', 'traditional Chinese medicine and estrogen', 'Oriental medicine and estrogen', and 'Korean medicine and estrogen'. 49 papers are investigated and classified into 'in vitro', 'in vivo' and 'in vivo and in vitro' experimental studies. Results: 1. In vitro experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rubi Fructus, Sparganii Rhizoma, Epimedii Herba, Spatholobi Caulis, Evodiae fructus, Curcumae longae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Puerariae Radix, Scutellariae Radix are present. 2. In vivo experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Phytolaccae Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix, Puerariae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Cyperi Rhizoma, Cistanchis Herba, Cynomorii Herba, Granati fructus, Astragali Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Crudus, Epimedii Herba, Polygalae Radix, Artemisiae Annuae Herba are present. 3. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Cirsii Herba, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Cynomorii Herba, Cinnamomi cortex, Drynariae Rhizoma, Psoraleae Semen, Schisandrae Fructus, Epimedii Herba, Astragali Radix are present. Conclusions: Future studies will require additional research on numerous herbal medicines used in clinical practice.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the applications of 47 prescriptions containing Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix in Dongeuibogam. Methods : 47 prescriptions containing Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix which have been used separately or concurrently in Oriental Medicine for a long time as a treatment for various disease in Dongeuibogam were studied through order of frequency, symptoms, dosages, etc. Results : 1. 17.02 % prescriptions are used in cold chapter with the 8 frequency, 14.89% in fatigue chapter with the 7 frequency, 10.64% in stool and wind chapter each with the 5 frequency, and 6.38% in children chapter with the 3 frequency. 2. Cold-diarrhea, Yang deficiency treating herbs, General fatigue treating herbs are most used chapters and articulation pain, severe cold, convulsion chapters are following frequency among 38 symptoms in prescriptions including Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Iateralis Preparata Radix. 3. In the prescriptons which has used more Ginseng Radix than Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix, the dosage ratio between Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata is ranged from 2.5 puns:1.5 puns ~ 1 jeon:7 puns. Among the range, 1 jeon:5 puns is recorded 2 times(33.33%), the rests are 1 time(16.67%). 4. In the prescriptons which has used same amount Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix, the dosage ratio Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata is ranged from 2 puns ~ 1 nyangs each. Among the range, 1 jeon is recorded 12 times(41.38%), 1.25 jeon and 5 jeons are 3 times(10.34%) each, 0.5 jeon, 0.7 jeons and 3 jeons each are recorded 2 times (6.90%), the rests are 1 time(3.45%). 5. In the prescriptons which has used less Ginseng Radix than Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix, the dosage ratio between Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata is ranged from 3 puns:1 jeon ~ 1 nyang:3 nyangs. Among the range, 5 jeons:1 nyang is recorded 2 times(25.00%), the rests are 1 time(12.50%). 6. 5 jeons:1 piece are used 2 times(50.00%), the rests are 1 time(25.00%) each used among 3 prescriptions including Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix. Conclusions : The 47 prescriptions including Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Iateralis Preparata Radix in Dongeuibogam are mainly composed of Samboo-tang, Sayeok-tang, Eejoong-tang, Samool-tang, Sagoonja-tang and Gobangpoong-tang, Bowon-tang, etc.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate applications of 171 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix in Dongeuibogam. Methods : 171 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix which have been used separately or concurrently in Oriental Medicine for a long time as a treatment for various disease in Dongeuibogam were studied through order of frequency, symptoms, dosages, etc. Results : 1. 27 times(15.79%) prescriptions are recorded in intumescence chapter, 21 times(12.28%) in fatigue chapter, 11 times(6.43%) in women chapter and 9 times(5.26%) in anus chapter, which are arranged in order of frequency. 2. Yin-yang deficiency treat herbs are ranked top, eliminating intumescence methods, bloody stool, discharging blood from one's vagina, yang deficiency treat herbs are ranked in order of frequency among 107 symptoms in prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix. 3. The dosages of Astragali Radix which is more used than Angelicae gigantis Radix are ranged from 3 puns:1 pun ~ 2 nyangs:1.5 nyangs. 1 jeon:5 puns is recorded 8 times(14.29%), 2 jeon:1 jeon is 7 times(12.50%), 1 jeon:3 puns and 1 jeon:7 puns are 24 times(11.2%), 1 nyang is 21 times(9.8%), same amount is 11 times(5.1%), 5 pun is 4 times(7.14%) each, 1.5 jeon:5 puns is 3 times(5.36%) used among 56 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix. 4. The dosages of Astragali Radix which is used same amount Angelicae gigantis Radix are ranged from 2.5 puns each ~ 2 nyangs each, 2.5 chons, same amount each. 1 jeon each is recorded 36 times(38.71%), 1 nyang each is 15 times(16.13%), 0.7 jeon each is recorded 12 times(12.90%), 0.5 jeon each is recorded 6 times(6.45%) used among 93 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix. 5. The dosages of Astragali Radix which is less used than Angelicae gigantis Radix are ranged from 3 puns:7 pun ~ 5 nyangs:12 nyangs. 1 jeon:1.5 jeons is recorded 3 times(13.64%), 0.8 jeon:1 jeon and 1 nyang:2 nyangs are 2 times(9.09%) each, the others are 1 time(4.55%) used among 22 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix. 6. The dosages of (Astragali Radix $\gg$ Angelicae gigantis Radix), (Astragali Radix = Angelicae gigantis Radix) and (Astragali Radix $\ll$ Angelicae gigantis Radix) which are recorded by counts (decoction groups: the other groups) are 52:4(92.86%:7.14%), 70:23(75.27%:24.73%), 13:9 (59.09%:40.91%) respectively. 7. The less using dosage of Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix has a more percentage of decoctions groups, The more using dosage of Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix has a more percentage of the other groups except decoctions. The less using prescriptions have an effects of controling yin and yang, enhancing blood and chi, etc, as a whole. The more using prescriptions as a form of compound powder have an effects in incurableness disease, chronic diseases, etc. Conclusions : The 171 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix in Dongeuibogam are mainly composed of Dangguibohyul-tang, Samool-tang, Sagoonja-tang and Gobangpoong-tang, Gamri-hwan, etc.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.4A
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• pp.546-552
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• 2000

The decoding of Turbo-Code relies on the application of a soft input/soft output decoders which can be realized using maximum-a-posteriori(MAP) symbol estimator[l]. Radix-2 MAP decoder can not be used for high speed communications because of a large number of interleaver block size N. This paper proposed a new simple method for radix-4 MAP decoder based on radix-2 MAP decoder in order to reduce the interleave block size. A branch metrics, forward and backward recursive functions are proposed for applying to radix-4 MAP structure with symbol interleaver. Radix-4 MAP decoder shall be illustratively described and its error performance capability shall be compared to conventional radix-2 MAP decoder in AWGN channel.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2121-2126
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• 2013

This paper compares radix-2 based structures for 32768-point FFT. Radix-$2^k$ structures have been widely used because the butterfly is simple and the number of multipliers can be reduced in those structures. This paper applied various radix-$2^k$ structures to 32768-point FFT that is representing ultra-long FFT. The ultra-long FFT has been studied much recently. This paper shows that the radix-$2^4$ structure is the most adequate because it shows the smallest complexity in the synthesis and the best SQNR performance. should be placed here.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.183-187
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• 2006

Objectives : Southern, northern, and wild types of Osterici Radix, and Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix imported from China are circulated in Korea. Morphological identification was attempted by comparing powder forms of these materials. Methods : To make the specimen, the samples were grinded, and the powder was mounted by a solution of Glycerin, Acetic acid and Water at the rate of 1 : 1 : 1. The specimen was mounted by optic microscope, photographs were taken and the characteristics were sketched in lines. Result : 1. Korean Osterici Radix was yellow-brown, but Chinese Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix was dark-brown. 2. Oil ducts were mostly broken, and most of secretory cells were narrow and long, including yellow or light yellow secretion and starch grain. 3. Parenchyma cells were rectangular, and southern type of Osterici Radix and Chinese Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix include lots of starch grain in parenchyma cells, while northern type of Osterici Radix and wild Osterici Radix include a little. 4. Vessels were usually reticulate vessel, and the diameter of the vessels of Korean Osterici Radix was $25{\sim}88{\mu}m$, while that of the vessels of Chinese Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix was $13{\sim}52{\mu}m$. 5. The surface of accessory cells were light brown with the shape of irregular polygon. Conclusion : Southern type of Osterici Radix, nothern type of Osterici Radix, wild Osterici Radix, and Chinese Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix were all alike, except the amount of starch grain in parenchyma cells.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.40-53
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the gynecologic use of Angelicae Gigantis Radix in uterus and gynecology part of Dongeuibogam. Methods I searched prescriptions containing Angelicae Gigantis Radix in uterus and gynecology part of Dongeuibogam and analyzed the selected prescriptions to research the use of Angelicae Gigantis Radix in uterus and gynecology part of Dongeuibogam. Results Prescriptions containing Angelicae Gigantis Radix are utilized for 10 disease patterns in uterus part. The number of prescriptions containing Angelicae Gigantis Radix is 50 in uterus part. Prescriptions containing Angelicae Gigantis Radix are utilized for 29 disease patterns in gynecology part. The number of Prescriptions containing Angelicae Gigantis Radix is 90 in gynecology part. Angelicae Gigantis Radix was taken as a sovereign, minister drug of prescriptions containing Angelicae Gigantis Radix of uterus and gynecology part. In many prescriptions, Angelicae Gigantis Radix is used in the treatment of amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea in uterus part. Prescriptions containing Angelicae Gigantis Radix are used to treat not only female infertility but also male infertility in gynecology part. The Samul-tang is the most useful prescription which contains Angelicae Gigantis Radix. Conclusions Angelicae Gigantis Radix is an effectual medicinal herb for menstrual disease, vaginal discharge, pregnancy disease, postpartum disease. So I consider that it is necessary to study methods which improve convenience and effect of prescriptions containing Angelicae Gigantis Radix.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to find out the time when the Araliae Continentalis Radix and Osterici Radix were classified into different divisions as the period were not known to oriental medical science in Korea. It could be said that the Araliae Continentalis Radix and Osterici Radix had been recognized the different shapes since Sui-Tang eras and they had been differently used in their shapes and effects as separated medical plants since Song-Yuan eras. This thesis also presented the effects and shapes of Araliae Continentalis Radix and Osterici Radix as well as showed prescriptions and the uses of them in each dynasty of China.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 1998

In order to estimate accurate quality of crude drugs in which pest was found during the storage, damaged 15 items were collected on current markets. We identified insect name by investigation of insect morphology, bug cluster, and morphology of damaged crude drugs. Three kind of pests were identified in the above 15 items as follows: A: Pyralis sp. (Pyralidae) was observed in damaged Platycodi Radix. B: Anthreus verbasci (Anobiidae) was found out in damaged Angelicae gigantis Radix, and Dioscoreae Rhizoma. C: Stegobium pamceum (Anobiidae) was discovered in the 12 crude drugs as follows: Puerariae Radix, Angelicae koreanae Radix, Angehcae tenuissimae Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Ledebouriellae Radix, Ginseng Radix alba, Angelicae dahuricae Radix, Belamcandae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, and Fritillariae Bulbus.