• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.193-199
• /
• 2006

Infectious and inflammatory bone diseases include a wide range of disease process, depending on the patient's age, location of infection, various causative organisms, duration from symtom onset, accompanied fracture or prior surgery, prosthesis insertion, and underlying systemic disease such as diabetes, etc. Bone infection may induce massive destruction of bones and joints, results in functional reduction and disability. The key to successful management is early diagnosis and proper treatment. Various radionuclide imaging methods including three phase bone scan, Ga-67 scan, WBC scan, and combined imaging techniques such as bone/Ga-67 scan, WBC/bone marrow scan add complementary role to the radiologic imaging modalities including plain radiography, CT and MRI. F-18 FDG PET imaging also has recently been introduced in diagnosis of infected prosthesis and chronic active osteomyelitis. Selection of proper nuclear medicine imaging method will improve the diagnostic accuracy of infections and inflammatory bone diseases, based on understading of pathogenesis and radiologic imaging findings.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.82-85
• /
• 2016

We report two cases of cleidocranial dysplasia, which was managed without significant craniofacial osteotomy. A mother and daughter, both of normal intelligence, presented with central forehead depression, mid-face hypoplasia, and blepharoptosis. The fact that they have an identically deformed face implied a genetic basis. In both patients, radiologic evaluation revealed the underdeveloped maxilla, persistent fontanelle opening, and cleidal aplasia. Clinical findings and radiologic studies were consistent with the diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia. Both patients underwent forehead plasty via bicoronal approach, augmentation rhinoplasty using tip plasty, and epicanthoplasty. In addition, the mother underwent malar augmentation using Medpor implantation and reduction genioplasty. The patients did not experience any postoperative complication and remained satisfied with the operation at 6-year follow-up.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 1988

The abdominal tumors in children are different from those of adult. These tumors are the third most common one, preceded by leukemia and brain tumors, in children under 15 years. X-ray examination is the most important method among diagnostic approaches. The role of diagnostic imaging is to identify the precise anatomic location and extent of pathologic process with the minimal number of imaging procedures. 23 cases of abdominal tumors were reviewed in respect of age incidence, site of origin, radiologic findings. The results are briefly summarized as follows : 1. Neuroblastoma was the most common(6 cases) and wi1m's tumor(5 cases), choledocal cyst(4 cases), ovarian mass(3 cases), hydronephrosis(2 cases), were descending order in frequency. 2. The most common site was retroperitoneum(60%). Kidney was the single most common site of origin. 3. Radiologic findings. The most common findings of plain radiography was ill defined soft tissue mass and this method was helpful in the presence of calcification especially in neuroblastoma. Ultrasonographic pattern was anechoic(cystic), echoic or mixed pattern, but this method provide less precise anatomical details, nevertheless ultrasonography wes paticullary useful imaging modality for the pediatric abdominal tumors. IVP findings were renal displacement, caliceopelvic system distortion or nonvisualization of kidney, these information was helpful in determining the location of tumors. CT scan showed homogenous or inhomogenous, cystic or solid, mass with their anatomic location. 4. Ultrasonography was the most widely used specific diagnostic method, but had limited value in detecting the anatomic location of tumors. CT scan was superior to ultrasound for determining the extent of tumors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.66 no.4
• /
• pp.309-313
• /
• 2009

There are several respiratory diseases that show chronic granulomatous inflammation for the histologic finding. Among them, sarcoidosis and tuberculosis are not easy to differentiate when the clinical and radiological features present similar patterns. The increasing incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease is making it more difficult for clinicians to arrive at a proper diagnosis. A 69 year old male patient visited our hospital with chronic cough as his chief compliant. His radiologic findings were multiple enlarged mediastinal lymphadenpathies with innumerable micronodules and multiple patch infiltrations. The spleen biopsy finding showed chronic granulomatous inflammation, and Mycobacterium avium was identified on the bronchoscopic culture. Because of these findings, we treated him with drugs for nontuberculous mycobacteria disease other than sarcoidosis. However, during the treatment, his symptoms and radiological features became aggravated. Thus, we reviewed the radiologic and pathologic findings and decided to treat him with steroid, which relieved his symptoms and improved the radiologic findings. We report here on a case of sarcoidosis that was initially misdiagnosed as nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.899-903
• /
• 2000

Objective : Object : A 7-year retrospective clinical and MRI study was reviewed to evaluate the characteristics of pineal cyst. We evaluated results of clinical and radiologic change of pineal cyst during follow up period. Patients and Methods : From 1992 to 1999, 50 patients with pineal cyst were visited for evaluation. Follow up clinical information was obtained from patients or clinical record through phone conversation. also radiologic findi-ngs of pineal cyst in mid-sagittal MRI were reviewed in detail. Results : Pineal cysts were usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally during evaluation of other diseases. Sagittal MRI is the most useful diagnostic test. The radiologic findings of pineal cyst were isointensity on T1WI comared to CSF and slightly high signal intensity on T2WI. Cyst wall was variably enhanced on Gad-enhanced T1WI. The average size of cyst was $13.9{\times}13.0mm$. The pineal cyst was classified into five groups according to previous report. Long term behavior of these lesions are not apparent, but in our study they showed no specific changes in clinical and radiological aspects during 25 months. Conclusion : Although long-term follow up results are needed, the pineal cyst are considered as normal variants. In our 25 months follow up results, there was no rapid change of cyst both clinically and radiologically. Therefore, frequent radiologic evaluation seems unnecessary except type III pineal cyst.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.132-137
• /
• 2001

Objective: The aim of our study was to describe and compare the radiologic findings of esophageal leiomyomas. Materials and Methods: The chest radiographic (n = 12), esophagographic (n = 12), CT (n = 12), and MR (n = 1) findings of surgically proven esophageal leiomyomas in 12 consecutive patients [ten men and two women aged 34 - 47 (mean, 39) years] were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The tumors, surgical specimens of which ranged from 9 to 90 mm in diameter, were located in the upper (n = 1), middle (n = 5), or lower esophagus (n = 6). In ten of the 12 patients, chest radiography revealed the tumors as mediastinal masses. Esophagography showed them as eccentric, smoothly elevated filling defects in 11 patients and a multilobulated encircling filling defect in one. In 11 of the 12 patients, enhanced CT scans revealed a smooth (n = 9) or lobulated (n = 2) tumor margin, and attenuation was homogeneously low (n = 7) or iso (n = 4). In one patient, the tumor signal seen on T2-weighted MR images was slightly high. Conclusion: Esophageal leiomyomas, located mainly in the middle or distal esophagus, are consistently shown by esophagography to be mainly eccentrically elevated filling defects and at CT, lesions showing homogeneous low or isoattenuation are demonstrated.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2005

The introduction of high-resolution CT (HRCT) in recent years has improved the ability of radiologists to detect and characterize the diffuse infiltrative lung disease (DILD). The detection and diagnosis of diffuse lung disease using HRCT are based on the recognition of specific abnormal findings. In this article, pattern recognition of HRCT findings is reviewed in the differential diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lung disease. In general, HRCT findings of lung disease can be classified into four categories based on their appearances. These categories consist of (1) nodules and nodular opacities, (2) linear and reticular opacities, (3) increased lung opacity, and (4) decreased lung opacity, including cystic lesions.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 1991

We report 4 cases of malignant thymoma which were composed of 2 cases of invasive thymoma and 2 cases of thymic carcinoma. The cytologic findings of invasive thymoma were similar to those of benign thymoma. The distinctive cytologic features of thymic carcinoma were necrotic background, irregular clusters and individually scattered arrangement of anaplastic epithelial cells, and some scattered mature small lymphocytes. These findings may be found in the Hodgkin's lymphoma, seminoma, and metastatic squamous ceil carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and large ceil carcinoma of the lung. But, the feature of irregular clustering of anaplastic epithelial cell haying scanty cytoplasm was different from Hodgkin's lymphoma and seminoma. Clinical and radiologic findings as well as cytologic finding were helpful in differential diagnosis of thymic carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2001

Clonorchiasis, known as the parasitic fluke in the intrahepatic bile ducts, occurs throughout Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam with high frequency. Most of the infections follow the consumptions of raw or undercooked freshwater fish, which explains its rare occurrence to childhood even in those areas mentioned earlier above. The authors have experienced it with an 8 year old boy. Abdominal ultrasonogram revealed multiple low echogenic nodules in the right lobe of liver and lymph nodes proliferation around the porta hepatis area. And abdominal C.T. scan also found multiple low attenuated nodules with delayed enhancement in liver parenchyma with hepatomegaly and multiple conglomerated lymph nodes in porta hepatis. Both abdominal ultrasonogram and C.T. scan didn't show any dilatation of peripheral intrahepatic bile ducts. In repeated stool examination, Clonorchis sinensis eggs were found in feces and the result of the skin test for Clonorchis sinensis was positive. The patient had a history of having eaten raw pond smelt back in Cheongju a month before the symptom onset. On the basis of the patient's history and the fact that Clonorchis eggs were found in feces 3 weeks after eosinophilia and symptoms were noted, the authors estimated that the findings of the patient's abdominal sonogram and C.T. scan were the radiologic findings of the acute phase of clonorchiasis, of which no report had ever been made before. So the authors report a case of clonorchiasis with atypical radiologic findings in an 8 year old boy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.229-238
• /
• 2007

Purpose : Since the first febrile UTI(urinary tract infection) in infants is commonly associated with vesicoureteral reflux(VUR), imaging studies such as renal ultrasonography, dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan, and voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) are recommended. How-ever, because of the invasiveness of VCUG, it is difficult to perform in all young infants with febrile UTI. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics, radiologic findings between the young infant group(1 to 6month, n=121) and the old infant group(7 to 24months, n=91), and to determine the clinical and radiologic risk factors that predict the presence of VUR before the VCUG in patients with their first febrile UTI under 2 years of age. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 211 first febrile UTI patients under 2 years of age retrospectively, and compared clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings between the two age groups. Results : The young infant group had a male preponderance and a higher incidence of Escherichia coli in their urine culture. The incidence of acute renal parenchymal defects on DMSA scans were significantly increased in the young infant group. The incidence of VUR was 29% in patients who had a VCUG, but there were no differences in the incidence of VUR between the two age groups. Abnormal findings on DMSA scan significantly correlated with higher incidence of VUR in the young infant group. Incidence of abnormal findings DMSA scan significantly increased with high grade VUR(garde III-V ). Conclusion : In treating first febrile UTI patients under 2 years, physicians have to consider such characteristics as age less than 6 months, male preponderance, E.coli in the urine culture, and increased incidence of abnormal findings on DMSA scans which correlated well with the presence of VUR. The results of the DMSA scan might help us to predict the presence of VUR before the VCUG in first febrile UTI and help us to reduce performing invasive radio-logic studies especially in the young infant group. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2007;11:229-238)