• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 1967

Patients with aplastic anemia were treated with a combination of depo-testosterone cyclopentylpropionate(Upjohn) and dexamethasone. In 7 of 15 patients treated, there was response in which either a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration, a prolonged interval or a cessation of blood transfusion requirement developed during androgen therapy. Younger patients with cellular marrow appeared to be better responding to androgen. EEI(Effective Erythropoietic Index) formulated by Gardner & Nathan(1966) which was a helpful measurement as to whether patients with myelofibrosis whould respond to androgen, was evaluated in patients with aplastic anemia. It was concluded that EEI as well as ferrokinetics indices (Plasma-$^{59}Fe$-disappearance rate, RBC $^{59}Fe$ net incorporation) did not significantly correlate with the degree of response to androgen in aplastic anemia.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2008

Medical internal radiation dosimetry (MIRD) is an important part of nuclear medicine research field using therapeutic radioisotope. There have been many researches using MIRD for the development of new therapeutic approaches including radiopharmaceutical, clinical protocol, and imaging techniques. Recently, radionuclide therapy has been re-focused as new solution of intractable diseases, through to the advances of previous achievements. In this article, the basic concepts of radiation and internal radiation dosimetry are summarized to help understanding MIRD and its application to clinical application.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.54-58
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• 2017

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) is one of the powerful methods that enable analysis of small molecules as well as large molecules up to about 500,000 Da without severe fragmentation. MALDI-TOF MS, thus, has been a very useful an analytical tool for the confirmation of synthetic molecules, probing PTMs, and identifying structures of a given protein. In recent nuclear medicine, MALDI-TOF MS liner ion mode helps researcher calculate the average number of chelator(or linkage) per an antibody conjugate, such as DOTA-(or DFO-) trastuzumab for labeling a medical radioisotope. This simple technique can be utilized to improve the labeling method and control the quality at the development of antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals, which is very effected to diagnosis and therapy for in vivo tumor cells, with radioisotopes like $^{89}Zr$, $^{64}Cu$, and 177Lu. To minimize the error, MALDI-TOF MS measurement is repeatedly performed for each sample in this study, and external calibration is carried out after data collection.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.1355-1363
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• 2018

Many radionuclides exist in normal environment and artificial radionuclides also can be detected. The radionuclides ($^{131}I$) are widely used for labeling compounds and radiation therapy. In Korea, the radionuclide ($^{131}I$) is produced at the Radioisotope Production Facility (RIPF) at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute in Daejeon. The residents around the RIPF assume that $^{131}I$ detected in environmental samples is produced from RIPF. To ensure the safety of the residents, the radioactive concentration of $^{131}I$ near the RIPF was investigated by monitoring environmental samples along the Gap River. The selected geographical places are near the nuclear installation, another possible location for $^{131}I$ detection, and downstream of the Gap River. The first selected places are the "front gate of KAERI", and the "Donghwa bridge". The second selected place is the sewage treatment plant. Therefore, the Wonchon bridge is selected for the upstream of the plant and the sewage treatment plant is selected for the downstream of the plant. The last selected places are the downstream where the two paths converged, which is Yongshin bridge (in front of the cogeneration plant). In these places, environmental samples, including sediment, fish, surface water, and aquatic plants, were collected. In this study, the radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) detection along the Gap River will be investigated.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.433-438
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• 2022

Targeted radionuclides treatment (TRT) requires the establishment of treatment plans that consider various factors, such as the type of radionuclides, target organs, and administration methods. For this reason, in this study, the absorption dose of a single cell was analyzed according to the type of radioisotope used to treat target radionuclides. In this study, a simulation was performed on beta rays used in the treatment of target radionuclides at the cell level using MCNPX (ver. 2.5.0). First, according to the calculation formula, the beam path according to the type of radioisotope for treatment was calculated. Second, the amount of self-radiation by beta rays emitted from cell diameters of 5 ㎛ and 10 ㎛ cell nuclei was evaluated. As a result, it showed a high range proportional to the maximum energy of the beta-ray, and the highest self-dose distribution from 177 Lu radiation sources among therapeutic radioisotopes. This was analyzed as a result that is inversely proportional to the maximum energy of the beta-ray, and it suggests that the selection of a nuclide considering the range of the beta-ray is necessary in the treatment of target radionuclides in the future.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.80-84
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• 2017

Re-188 is an excellent and practical radioisotope produced by W-188/Re-188-generator for therapy. We prepared Re-188-tin colloid for therapy of various diseases and tried to treat peritoneal effusion in animal model. Sarcoma-180 cells were injected into ICR mice to induce peritoneal effusion and the mice were grown for 3 d. Re-188-tin colloids (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mCi/mL per 30 g body weight) were injected into the mice and the mice were grown for 90 d. Planar gamma scintigraphy showed even distribution of Re-188-tin colloid radioactivity. Bax expression was found to be dose dependent to Re-188-tin colloid. Normal saline treated group showed the shortest survival time. Among the treated groups, 0.5 mCi dose group showed the longest survival time. In conclusion, Re-188-tin colloid was prepared successfully and showed the feasibility to use as a peritoneal effusion treatment in mice.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.25-39
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• 2021

Brachytherapy, along with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), is an essential and effective radiation treatment process. In brachytherapy, in contrast to EBRT, the radiation source is radioisotopes. Because these isotopes can be positioned inside or near the tumor, it is possible to protect other organs around the tumor while delivering an extremely high-dose of treatment to the tumor. Brachytherapy has a long history of more than 100 years. In the early 1900s, the radioisotopes used for brachytherapy were only radium or radon isotopes extracted from nature. Over time, however, various radioisotopes have been artificially produced. As radioisotopes have high radioactivity and miniature size, the application of brachytherapy has expanded to high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Recently, advanced treatment techniques used in EBRT, such as image guidance and intensity modulation techniques, have been applied to brachytherapy. Three-dimensional images, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography are used for accurate delineation of treatment targets and normal organs. Intensity-modulated brachytherapy is anticipated to be performed in the near future, and it is anticipated that the treatment outcomes of applicable cancers will be greatly improved by this treatment's excellent dose delivery characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.61 no.12
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• pp.637-643
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• 2018

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a therapy that takes advantage of the "cross-fire" effect of emitted radiation by radionuclides conjugated to tumor-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (including those fragments) or peptides. While RIT has been successfully employed for the treatment of lymphoma, mostly with radiolabeled antibodies against CD20 [$^{90}yttrium$ ($^{90}Y$)-ibritumomab tiuxetan; $Zevalin^{(R)}$ and $^{131}iodine$ ($^{131}I)-tositumomab$; $Bexxar^{(R)}$], its use in solid tumors is more challenging, so far. Immuno-PET, a tool for tracking and quantification of mAbs with PET in vivo, is an exciting novel option to improve diagnostic imaging and guide mAb-based therapy. RIT in solid tumors including head and neck cancer may be an alternative treatment with advances in various biological, chemical, and treatment procedures, and it may help to reduce unnecessary exposure and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Also, immuno-PET based on RIT might play an important role in cancer staging, in patients or targets selection of targeted therapeutics and in monitoring the response of targeted therapeutics as precision medicine. In this review, fundamentals of RIT/immune-PET and current knowledge of the preclinical/clinical trials in RIT for solid tumor including head and neck cancer are reviewed.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 2022

Theranostics, a composite word of therapy and diagnosis, is known as personalized medicine and the concept of diagnosis and treatment at the same time. In nuclear medicine, it means performing both therapeutic and diagnostic radioisotope therapy using the same target molecule. The increased production and utilization of ⁶⁴Cu opens a new era of theranostics. The studies introduced here have shown that ⁶⁴CuCl₂ and various compounds or biomolecules labeled with ⁶⁴Cu are unique radiopharmaceuticals with physiological properties suitable for use as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. So far, these two abilities have been described only for radioactive iodine. Although ⁶⁴Cu has complex chemical properties compared to other PET radioisotopes such as ⁶⁸Ga, it has an appropriate half-life and enables high-quality PET images similar to ¹⁸F, which is an advantage in terms of diagnosis. In addition, since it also has therapeutic properties through the release of β^- particles and Auger electrons by electron capture, radiopharmaceuticals using ⁶⁴Cu stand for innovative radiopharmaceuticals for theranostic purposes. Therefore, based on the initial results obtained using ⁶⁴Cu as a therapeutic agent, it is expected that additional research on the application of ⁶⁴Cu will lead to a new era in the theranostics field.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 1989

The MC-50 cyclotron at Korea Canter Center Hospital is now operational for neutron therapy and medical radioisotope production. Design features, mechanical structures and operating characteristics of the MC-50 are described in this paper. Optimum operating condition for this cyclotron has been determined by the repetitive running, and the performances of the internal beam have been investigated through the measurements of intensity and spatial distribution of the internal beam as a function of the radius of the cyclotron. Routinely, the 40 $\mu$A of 50 MeV protons have been obtained at first Faraday cup with a extraction efficiency of 61%.