• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2013

본 연구는 압연공정에서 발생하는 폐수 중에 함유되어있는 난분해성 COD 물질을 $80{\mu}m$ 두께의 극세사 형태로 제조된 Cu-Zn 금속합금의 산화 작용으로 인하여 발생하는 OH 라디칼을 이용하여 처리하는 방법에 관한 기초 연구이다. OH 라디칼은 유기화합물(RH) 속에 포함된 수소를 수소추출반응(H Abstraction) 또는 탄소와 탄소(C-C)의 불포화 결합에 첨가됨으로써 빠르고 비 선택적인 반응을 수행하는 것으로 알려진 것처럼 난 분해성 유기화합물의 처리에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 금속합금 반응 물질은 극세사 형태로 표면적이 넓어서 1회 처리만으로도 수용액의 pH를 평형에 도달하게 하여서 반응 효율성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. COD처리 효율은 중성 pH에 가까운 pH 7, pH 6에서 최고치를 보였으며 산성분위기인 pH 5이하 및 알칼리성 분위기인 pH 8이상에서는 낮은 효율을 보였다. 실제 압연 폐수의 응집 침전을 이용한 COD 처리에서도 redox 반응장치의 유무에 따라 2배 이상의 처리효율의 차이를 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2002

The sonochemical process has been applied as a treatment method to investigate its effect on the decomposition of humic substances (HS). The reaction kinetics and mechanisms in the process of sonochemical treatment for humic substances in wastewater have also been discussed. It was observed that the metal ions such Fe(II) and Mn(II) showed catalytic effects, while Al(III), Ca(II), and Mg(II) had inhibitory effects on the decomposition of humic substances in sonochemical reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Experimental results also showed factors such as hydrogen peroxide dose affected the formation of disinfection by-products. Two trihalomethanes, chloroform and dichlorobromomethane were formed as major disinfection by-products during chlorination. The depolymerization and the radical reaction of HS radicals appear to occur simultaneously. The final step of the reaction is the conversion of organic acids to carbon dioxide.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.787-790
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• 2009

The predictions of the radical reaction sites for phenol, 2-, 3- and 4-chlorophenols (CPs) and 4-chloronitrobenzene (CNB) were studied by atomic charge distribution calculations. The atomic charge distributions on each atom of these molecules were obtained using the CHelpG and MK (Merz-Kollman/Singh) methods with the optimized structural parameters determined by DFT calculation at the level of BLYP/6-311++G(d,p). By comparing the experimentally obtained hydroxyl addition site(s) and the calculated atomic charges on carbon atoms of phenol and CPs, we found that hydroxyl substitution by oxidation reaction mainly occurred to the carbon(s) with high atomic charges. With these results, we were easily able to predict the position(s) of the ·OH reaction site(s) of phenol, CPs and CNB through atomic charge distribution calculations.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2010

Lipid peroxidation is known to be an important factor in the pathologies of many diseases associated with oxidative stress. We assessed the lipid peroxidation induced by the reaction of ferritin with $H_2O_2$. When linoleic acid micelles or phosphatidyl choline liposomes were incubated with ferritin and $H_2O_2$, lipid peroxidation increased in the presence of ferritin and $H_2O_2$ in a concentration-dependent manner. The hydroxyl radical scavengers, azide and thiourea, prevented lipid peroxidation induced by the ferritin/$H_2O_2$ system. The iron specific chelator desferoxamine also prevented ferritin/$H_2O_2$ systemmediated lipid peroxidation. These results demonstrate the possible role of iron in ferritin/$H_2O_2$ system-mediated lipid peroxidation. Carnosine is involved in many cellular defense processes, including free radical detoxification. In this study, carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine were shown to significantly prevent ferritin/$H_2O_2$ system-mediated lipid peroxidation and also inhibited the free radical-generation activity of ferritin. These results indicated that carnosine and related compounds may prevent ferritin/$H_2O_2$ system-mediated lipid peroxidation via free radical scavenging.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 1997

여러 종류의 coumarin 유도체가 광화학 반응에 의하여 OH·라디칼을 생성하는 반응을 ESR 및 레이저 섬광분해 반응으로 진행시키고 반응속도 상수를 구하여 반응성가 메카니즘을 알아보았다. 본 연구에서 사용된 9종류의 coumarin 유도체는 모두 OH·라디칼 생성반응 메카니즘으로 반응이 진행되었으나 1-ethy1-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine은 광조사에 의해 OH·라디칼 생성반응이 일어나기 전에 분해하여 카르벤 중간체로 변하였다. 9개의 coumarin 유도체는 DMPO-OH 스핀부가 생성물에 해당하는 시그날을 나타내었다. OH·라디칼을 소진시키는 NaN3, EtOH, HCOONa 등은 강한 광증감제로 작용하였다. 수화된 전자의 소멸 THRE 상수는 N20을 첨가했을 때가 K3Fe(CN)6을 첨가했을 때보다 크게 나타났다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

In this study, we fabricated effect of storage conditions on graft of polypropylene (PP) non-woven fabric induced by electron beam. The electron beam irradiations on PP non-woven fabric were carried out over a range of irradiation doses from 25 to 100 kGy to make free radicals on fabric surface. The radical measurement was established by electron spin resonance (ESR) for confirming the changes of the alkyl radical and peroxy radical according to effect of storage time, storage temperature and atmosphere. It was observed that the free radicals were increased with irradiation dose and decreased with storage time due to the continuous oxidation. However, the radical extinction was significantly delayed due to reduced mobility of radicals at extremely low temperature. The degree of graft based on the analysis of ESR was investigated. The conditions of graft reaction were set at a temperature: $60^{\circ}C$, reaction time: 6 hours and styrene monomer concentration: 20 wt%.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2015

The estimation of the concentration of hydroxyl radical (OH) in the atmosphere is essential to build atmospheric models and to understand the mechanisms of the reactions involved in OH. Although water vapor is one of the most abundant species in the troposphere, only a few studies have been performed for the reaction of OH and water vapor. Here I demonstrate an ab initio study on the complex forming reation of OH with $H_2O$ in the gas phase performed based on density functional theory to calculate the reaction rate and the energy states of the reactant and the OH-$H_2O$ complex. The structure of the complex, which belongs to the Cs point group, was optimized at global minima. The transition state was not found at the B3LYP and MP2 levels of theory. Rate constants of the forward and the reverse reactions were calculated as $1.1{\times}10^{-16}cm^3\;molecule^{-1}\;s^{-1}$ and $5.3{\times}10^9\;s^{-1}$, respectively. The extremely slow rates of complex forming reaction and the resulting hydrogen atom exchange reaction of OH and $H_2O$, which are consistent with experimentally determined values, imply a negligible possibility of a change in OH reactivity through the title reaction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.2873-2876
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• 2010

Excess free iron generates oxidative stress that may contribute to the pathogenesis of various causes of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have shown that one of the primary causes of increased brain iron may be the release of excess iron from intracellular iron storage molecules. In this study, we attempted to characterize the oxidative damage of DNA induced by the reaction of ferritin with $H_2O_2$. When DNA was incubated with ferritin and $H_2O_2$, DNA strand breakage increased in a time-dependent manner. Hydroxyl radical scavengers strongly inhibited the ferritin/$H_2O_2$ system-induced DNA cleavage. We investigated the generation of hydroxyl radical in the reaction of ferritin with $H_2O_2$ using a chromogen, 2,2'-azinobis-(2-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), which reacted with ${\cdot}OH$ to form $ABTS^{+\cdot}$. The initial rate of $ABTS^{+\cdot}$ formation increased as a function of incubation time. These results suggest that DNA strand breakage is mediated in the reaction of ferritin with $H_2O_2$ via the generation of hydroxyl radicals. The iron-specific chelator, deferoxamine, also inhibited DNA cleavage. Spectrophotometric study using a color reagent showed that the release of iron from $H_2O_2$-treated ferritin increased in a time-dependent manner. Ferritin enhanced mutation of the lacZ' gene in the presence of $H_2O_2$ when measured as a loss of $\alpha$-complementation. These results indicate that ferritin/$H_2O_2$ system-mediated DNA cleavage and mutation may be attributable to hydroxyl radical generation via a Fenton-like reaction of free iron ions released from oxidatively damaged ferritin.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1973

Azotobacter vinelandi의 세포추출물(細胞抽出物)들이 Shethna flavoprotein의 free radical 형(型)으로의 전자전달기구(電子傳達機構)에 관하여 연구(硏究)하였다. 전자전달(電子傳達)에 관여도(關與度)가 높은 단백질(蛋白質)로 황색형광성단백질(黃色榮光性蛋白質)(protein I)과 갈색단백질(褐色蛋白質)(protein II)을 정제(精製)하였고 이들은 $N_2$ 기압하(氣壓下) 또는 aceton-dry ice 동결(凍結)저장하에서도 쉽게 실활(失活)되었고 반응속도(反應速度) 역시 너무 완만하여 생체내반응(生體內反應)이기에는 의문점을 보였다. 한편 세포추출물중(細胞抽出物中)의 FMN은 NADH에 의(依)하여 환원이 쉽게 이루어졌으며, 환원형 $FMNH_2$는 비효소적(非酵素的)으로 Shethna flavoprotein 의 free radical 을 형성(形成)시켰으며 , 효소적반응속도(酵素的反應速度)보다 15배(倍)의 높은 반응속도(反應速度)를 보였다. 비록 FMN이 생체내(生體內)에서 타(他)단백질과 비결합형(非結合型)으로 존재(存在)하지 않는다해도 FMN의 전자전달체(電子電達體)의 가능성(可能性)을 제시(提示)하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2000

The photodegradation of pefloxacin, photolabile fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, was studied. In the presence of $N_2$, photodegradation of pefloxacin was suppressed. The singlet oxygen and free radical generated in the reaction media proceeded photochemical reaction. The photodegradation of peflxacin was sensitized by benzophenone, a triplet state sensitizer.