• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.573-580
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• 2008

This study was aimed to investigate that training of horses is related with the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in erythrocyte of racing horses. The SOD activity was assayed from erythrocyte of six Thoroubred horses having final stage of training, about 21 month-old, 474~509 kg body weight for race trainig. During 7 weeks of training period from 24th Sep. to 6th Nov, horses were bled very carefully 4 times at 1st Oct, 16th Oct, 30th Oct. and 6th Nov. As the training period passed, erythrocyte of the horses have gradually increased the MnSOD activity(p<0.05) and lowered the CuZnSOD activity. The plasma ceruloplasmin and peroxidase activities, and lactate levels were reduced gradually while peroxide and glucose levels gradually increased. The calculated oxygen consumption(Eaton, 1995) for training of horses were linearly related with the MnSOD activity(r=0.650, n=32) but negatively with CuZnSOD activity in erythrocyte and lactate levels(r=－349, n=32) in plasma. Also, peroxide levels in plasma of horses had positive relation with the MnSOD activity in erythrocyte(r=0.616, n=48). In conclusions, as the training is progressed, the raised MnSOD activity in erythrocytes and peroxide levels in plasma indicated balances between oxidant and antioxidants for the protection from ROS during race of horses. The results showed that the MnSOD activity in erythrocyte and peroxide levels in plasma may be used as marker for the intensity of training racing horses.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1088-1093
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• 2021

Jeju horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a Korean horse breed that has been native to Jeju Island for a long time. Jeju horses are used as racehorses, and their racing ability is a major economic trait. The role of the myostatin (MSTN) gene in skeletal muscle mass has been studied in various mammals, and mutations in the MSTN gene are known to affect the racing ability and stamina of thoroughbreds. In this study, we compared the frequency of mutations in the MSTN gene in several horse breeds, including 1,433 Jeju horses. Among the mutations (ECA18 g.66493737C>T) in the MSTN gene, the long-distance aptitude genotype (TT) was found to have a frequency of 0.826 in Jeju horses, which was higher than that in Halla horses (0.285) and thoroughbreds (0.252). The genotypes and arrival records of Jeju horses were compared according to various distances (400 m, 800 m, 900 m, 1,000 m, 1,110 m, and 1,200 m). According to the results, the CT type showed a faster-reaching record than the TT type in races of less than 1,000 m. However, almost identical results were confirmed in races over 1,110 m. This study suggests that the MSTN mutation in Jeju horses may be related to race distance aptitude. In future research, the data in this study can be used for developing markers related to race distance aptitude and racing abilities in Jeju horses.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.537-541
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the concentrations of blood retinol and $\alpha$-tocopherol in normal and diarrhea calves. The subjects of the experiments are from three groups. Each group consists of 5 calves(diarrhea, treatment and control group). The CBC, serum chemistry, serum retinol and a-tocopherol concentrations were estimated in each group. Blood retinol concentration was $13.3{\pm}7.0{\mu}g/100ml$ in diarrhea group, $31.5{\pm}6.9{\mu}g/100ml$ in treatment group and $28.1{\pm}11.8{\mu}g/100ml$ in the control group. The blood concentration in diarrhea group was significantly lower than that of the control group in the case of retinol(p<0.05). However, there were no significance between the treatment poop and the control group. The $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in blood was $266.0{\pm}127.6{\mu}g/100ml$ in diarrhea group, $432.2{\pm}172.7{\mu}g/100ml$ in the treated group and $579.3{\pm}145.8{\mu}g/100ml$ in the control group. In the case of $\alpha$-tocopherol, the laboratory group were significantly lower than the control group(p<0.05), except for the treatment group. As in retinol concentration there were no significance between treatment group and the control group. In the test of CBC, PCV was significantly lower in the group with diarrhea than the control group(p<0.05). Fibrinogen concentrations in diarrhea calves were significantly higher than the treatment and control group. In conclusion, the blood retinol and $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in diarrhea calves are lower than normal calves. Medication of retinol and $\alpha$-tocopherol on calves with diarrhea is recommended.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 2014

Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) are emerging as important pathogens in humans and animals worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MRS in the racehorse population and in horse-related personnel in Korea. A total of 195 horses and 18 humans (eight veterinarians, three veterinary hospital staff, and seven horse-handlers) from racehorse farms in Korea were included in the study. The samples were collected from nasal cavities using bacterial transport medium and were cultivated on tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood for 3 days at $37^{\circ}C$ to confirm the presence of Staphylococcus spp. Presumptive Staphylococcus spp. isolates were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis. The coagulase test and oxacillin susceptibility tests were performed using the tube dilution and disk diffusion methods, respectively. The presence of the mecA gene was determined using a polymerase chain reaction assay. Of the 195 horses, 29 (15.6%) yielded 29 MRS isolates. Twelve (66.7%) of the 18 horse-related personnel yielded 12 MRS isolates. All of the MRS isolates from horses or horse-related personnel were identified as methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS). The result of this study suggest that the prevalence of MRS increased with the duration of antibiotic use (p = 0.002). This study also provides evidence for the zoonotic transmission of MRCNS between horses and humans, although further investigations are needed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.177-186
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• 2020

This paper deals with the car paint sequencing problem (CPSP) that the entrance sequence is to same colored group with maximum sequenced cars for the buffer arriving cars from the body shop. This problem classified by NP-complete problem because of the exact solution has not obtained within polynomial time. CPSP is aim to minimum pugging number that each pugging must be performs at color changing time in order to entirely cleaning the remaining previous color. To be obtain the minimum number of moving distance with window concept and minimum number of pugging, this paper sorts same color and arriving sequence. Then we basically decide the maximum length section color time to winner team using stage race method. For the case of the loser team with no more racing or yield to loser team and more longer stage in upcoming racing, the winner team give way to loser team. As a result, all cars(runners) are winner in any stage without fail. For n cars, the proposed algorithm has a advantage of simple and fast with O(nlogn) polynomial time complexity, this algorithm can be get the minimum number of moving distance and purging for all of experimental data.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2012

Horse manure general composition and contaminants, heavy metals content analysis was investigated as follows. The moisture content of horse feces was 76.1% and 96% for horse urine. The average T-N, T-P, T-K concentrations of the racing horse were 0.18%, 0.10%, 0.22% respectively and 2.88%, 0.0015%, 0.84% for urine. And the average BODs, COD, SS concentrations were 26,906 $mg/{\ell}$, 36,642 $mg/{\ell}$, 89,375 $mg/{\ell}$ respectively and 14,298 $mg/{\ell}$, 7,484 $mg/{\ell}$, 6,987 $mg/{\ell}$ for urine. In addition, the Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Zn concentrations of feces were 2.65 mg/kg, 7.05 mg/kg, 1.24 mg/kg, 0.07 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg, 45.11 mg/kg respectively and 1.52 mg/kg, 1.62 mg/kg, 0.00 mg/kg, 0.03 mg/kg, 0.03 mg/kg, 4.49 mg/kg for urine on the fresh matter basis. The end of the survey was that the quality of the compost can be used as a raw material, and manure is necessary to constantly driven forward horse manure composting research.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.739-744
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• 2017

Elastic deformation and fatigue damage can cause the permanent deformation of a kart's frame during turning, affecting the kart's driving performance. A kart's frame does not contain any suspension or differential devices and, therefore, the dynamic behavior caused by torsional deformation when driving along a curve can strongly affect these two kinds of deformations. To analyze the dynamic behavior of a kart along a curved section, the GPS trajectory of the kart is obtained and the torsional stress acting on the kart-frame is measured in real time. The mechanical properties of leisure and racing karts are investigated by analyzing their material properties and conducting a tensile test. The torsional stress concentration and frame distortion are investigated through a stress analysis of the frame on the basis of the obtained results. Leisure and racing karts are tested in each driving condition using driving analysis equipment. The behavior of a kart when being driven along a curved section is investigated through this test. Because load movement occurs owing to centrifugal force when driving along a curve, torsional stress acts on the kart's steel frame. In the case of a leisure kart, the maximum torsional stress derived from the torsional fatigue limit was found to be 230 MPa, and the torsional fatigue limit coefficient was 0.65 when driving at a speed of 40 km/h. Furthermore, the driving elements during the cornering of a kart were measured based on an actual auto-test after installing a driving measurement system, and the driving behavior of the kart was analyzed by measuring its vertical displacement.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.719-726
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• 2002

Nutritional adequacy of growing Thoroughbred horses raised in an alternate feeding system - grazing during late spring through late fall and stable feeding for the rest of seasons - was assessed by determining vitamin E and trace mineral levels in the serum and blood chemistry related to nutrition and health. During the stable feeding in winter and early spring, 50 growing female horses were fed concentrates (1.4% of their body weight), grass hay (0.62%) and alfalfa hay (0.37%). For the grazing period, the same horses were fed supplementary concentrates (1.1%) during late spring through early summer, and concentrates (1.1%) and alfalfa hay (0.5%) during late summer through late fall. Blood samples were collected before grazing in early spring, and during grazing in early summer through late fall. Serum vitamin E, BUN, GTP, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were increased (P<0.01) by grazing compared to those measured before the initiation of grazing. Horses had lower (P<0.01) serum Fe contents in early summer than in late fall or in time of stable feeding. Stable feeding increased (P<0.01) serum Cu content compared to grazing in both early summer and late fall. In late fall, serum Zn level increased (P<0.01) compared to that found in the other seasons. Blood glucose and creatinine levels decreased (P<0.01) after grazing. Results indicate that supplementations of some minerals and vitamin E are not always necessary in diets for growing horses and should be done after careful evaluation of diets with regard to concentrations and biological availability of minerals.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

Display technology has recently made enormous progress. In particular, display companies are competing each other to develop flexible display. Curved display, as a precursor of flexible display, are now used for smart phones and TVs. Curved monitors have been just introduced in the market, and are used for office work or entertainment. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the curvature of a 42" multi-monitor affects postural control when it is used for entertainment purpose. The current study used two curvature levels (flat and 600mm). Ten college students [mean(SD) age = 20.9 (1.5)] with at least 20/25 visual acuity, and without color blindness and musculoskeletal disorders participated in this study. In a typical VDT environment, each participant played a car racing video game using a steering wheel and pedals for 30 minutes at each curvature level. During the video game, a pressure mat on the seat pan measured the participant's COP (Center of Pressure), and from which four measures (Mean Velocity, Median Power Frequency, Root-Mean-Square Distance, and 95% Confidence Ellipse Area) were derived. A larger AP (Anterior-Posterior) RMS distance was observed in the flat condition, indicating more forward-backward upper body movements. It can be partly due to more variability in visual distance across display, and hence longer ocular accommodation time in the case of the flat display. In addition, a different level of presence or attention between two curvature conditions can lead to such a difference. Any potential effect of such a behavioral change by display curvature on musculoskeletal disorders should be further investigated.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.149-171
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• 2017

This paper presents empirical findings about the market inefficiency field in the korean horse track. We first use the place betting data instead of the win betting data inevitably depended on by past studies, and discuss the degree of the long shot anomaly and the bettor's risk attitude sequentially in the place betting market. The empirical result of betting simulations using the place winning function in this study reveals persistently higher returns than the expected payoff in korean racetrack betting market. The clear departures from perfect efficiency in horse-racing betting imply that much of the market information is insufficient and less accurate. This market asymmetry aggravates popular speculations exquisitely since people are attracted by the higher odds figures in the racetrack display although those are much uncertain in future. The findings suggest the more objective and credible information of winning possibilities such as the place winning function including the smart information of marginal odds needs to be available to the betting decision of the public, which contributes to reducing the speculative spirit in korean racetrack.