• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2011

Novel whitening agents were prepared using peptide-Natural origin compound derivatives. The peptide could be an antagonist of MC1R and Natural origin compound were well-known material as a Tyrosinase inhibitor. We also suggest the new assay method which could evaluate the Antagonistic effectiveness to MC1R using cAMP signaling pathway. 24 candidates were synthesized and 11 peptide derivatives were selected by cAMP assay method. To evaluate cAMP assay, the selected peptide derivatives were assayed to evaluate their melanogensis inhibitory activity. At this work, we could know that the sequences which include -RW- have a melanogensis inhibitory activity, and cAMP assy could use as a evaluating method of MC1R antagonist. But, to evaluate the whitening activity of some material, cross-checking with melanin inhibitory assay method was recommended.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1998

Crystal structure of Bis(ethylenediamine)palladium(II)-Bis(oxalato)palladate(II0 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data : (Pd(C2H8N2)2.Pd(C2O4)2), Fw=509.04, Monocline, Space Group P21/c (no=14), a=6.959(2), b=13.506(2), c=15.339(2) Å, β=99.94(3), Z=4, V=1420 Å3, Dc=2.380 gcm-3, μ=25.46cm-1, F(000)=992. The intensity data were collected with Mo-Kα radiation (λ=0.7107 Å) on an automatic four-circle diffractometer with a graphite monochromater. The structure was solved by Patterson method and refined by full matrix least-square methods using unit weights. The final R and S values were R=0.021, Rw=0.030, Rall=0.032 abd S=2.1 for 1472 observed reflections. The essentially planar complex anions form diade of interplanar distances of 3.41 Å and their diads are stacked along aaxis with interplanar separation of 3.44 Å.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 1990

The structures of dehydrated fully Ca2+ _exchanged zeolite A (a: 12.2a3(2) A and of its iodine sorption complex (a=12.258(2) A) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group. Pm3m at 21(1)℃.the structures were refined to final R(weighted) indices of 0.081 with 206 reflections and 0.084 with 173 reflections, respectively for which I>3 w (I). In each structure. six divalent cations are located on three different theefold axes associated with 6-ring oxygens. Dehydrated Ca2+_A sorbs ca. 6.0 diiodine molecules per unit cell at 80℃(vapor pressure of I: is ca. 14.3 Torr). Each iodine molecule makes a close approach. along its ahs to framework oxygen atom with I-I distance of 2.71(2) A, I-O distance of 3.32(3) k. and I-I-0=180℃. The result indicates that diiodine molecule forms charge transfer complex with framework oxygen.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1097-1104
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• 2000

MOD(Metal-Organic-Decomposition)법에 의해 $Y_2$O$_3$버퍼층에 Pt/TiO$_2$/SiO$_2$/Si 기판 위에 제조한 후, 그 표면 위에 졸-겔 방법으로 YMnO$_3$박막을 형성하였다. 기판의 종류와 수화조건 변화가 YMnO$_3$박막의 결정화 거동에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였으며, 또한 $Y_2$O$_3$버퍼층 유.무에 따른 Mn의 산화상태를 확인하고 이에 따른 유전특성 변화를 연구하였다. $Y_2$O$_3$버퍼층을 삽입하지 않고 직접 기판 위에 형성한 YMnO$_3$박막의 결정상은 기판의 종류 및 Rw 변화에 관계없이 orthorhombic 구조임이 확인되었다. 반면, $Y_2$O$_3$버퍼층 위에 형성된 YMnO$_3$박막의 경우에는 Rw($H_2O$/alkoxide mole ratio)가 0~6 범위 내에서 낮아질술고 hexagonal 결정상 성장에 유리하였으며, 또한 Pt(111)/TiO$_2$/SiO$_2$/Si 기판이 Ptd(200)/TiO$_2$/SiO$_2$/Si에 비하여 결정상 형성에 용이하였다. $Y_2$O$_3$버퍼층은 YMnO$_3$결정상 내에서 $Mn^{4+}$ 이온형성을 억제함으로써 누설전류밀도가 크게 감소되는 효과를 주었으며, 동시에 강유전 특성을 지닌 hexagonal 결정상 형성에 유리하게 작용하였다. 결론적으로, $Y_2$O$_3$는 Pt가 코팅된 Si 기판 위에 YMnO$_3$박막 제조시 그 강유전 특성을 향상시켜주는 우수한 버퍼층 재료임을 확인하였다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.110-120
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• 2009

In tunnel, though the frequency of fire occurrence is relatively lower than other structures, the characteristics of sealed space tends to cause the temperature to rapidly rise to more than $1000^{\circ}C$ within 5minutes after fire, which might eventually lead to a large fire that usually results in a loss of lives and the damage to the properties, not to mention a huge cost necessary for repair and maintenance after fire. We have developed various conditions of the heating furnace and the method to install a thermo couple within the furnace based on EFNARC and KS F 2257-1. Referring to tunnel fire scenarios, it clarified the heat transfer characteristics of concrete PC panel lining depending on fire intensity (ISO, $1^{\circ}C$/SEC, MHC, RWS), and to identify the range of thermal damage, the evaluation was carried out using ITA standard. As a result, 30mm under ISO fire condition, 20mm under $1^{\circ}C$/SEC, 100mm under MHC and 50mm under RWS were measured. And when it comes to spalling, 30mm was measured under RWS and MHC.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.34 no.22
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• pp.9093-9113
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• 2021

This study examines the role of the relative wind (RW) effect (wind relative to ocean current) in the regional ocean circulation and extratropical storm track in the south Indian Ocean. Comparison of two high-resolution regional coupled model simulations with and without the RW effect reveals that the most conspicuous ocean circulation response is the significant weakening of the overly energetic anticyclonic standing eddy off Port Elizabeth, South Africa, a biased feature ascribed to upstream retroflection of the Agulhas Current (AC). This opens a pathway through which the AC transports the warm and salty water mass from the subtropics, yielding marked increases in sea surface temperature (SST), upward turbulent heat flux (THF), and meridional SST gradient in the Agulhas retroflection region. These thermodynamic and dynamic changes are accompanied by the robust strengthening of the local low-tropospheric baroclinicity and the baroclinic wave activity in the atmosphere. Examination of the composite life cycle of synoptic-scale storms subjected to the high-THF events indicates a robust strengthening of the extratropical storms far downstream. Energetics calculations for the atmosphere suggest that the baroclinic energy conversion from the basic flow is the chief source of increased eddy available potential energy, which is subsequently converted to eddy kinetic energy, providing for the growth of transient baroclinic waves. Overall, the results suggest that the mechanical and thermal air-sea interactions are inherently and inextricably linked together to substantially influence the extratropical storm tracks in the south Indian Ocean.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine the optimal environmental condition for promoting the growth of sowthistle as affected by light quality and photoperiod in a closed-type plant production system. Seeds were sown in 240-cell plug trays and then germinated for 3 days at a 24-hour photoperiod in a closed-type plant production system with LED lights (R:B:W = 8:1:1). Seedlings were transplanted and grown under 3 types of LED (R:B:W = 8:1:1, R:W = 3:7, or R:B = 8:2) and 4 photoperiods (24/0, 16/8, 8/16, or 4/20 hours) with $230{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ light intensity at a density of $20cm{\times}20 cm$. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Plants were cultured for 40 days un der the condition of $21{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and $70{\pm}10%$ relative humidity after transplanting. Plants were fed with a recycling nutrient solution (pH 7.0 and EC $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$) contained in a deep floating tank. Fresh weight and dry weight of shoot or root, leaf length, and leaf area were the greatest in the photoperiod of 24/0 (light/dark) with RW LED. The highest number of leaves occurred in the photoperiod of 16/8 (light/dark) with RB LED, while the incidence of tip burn was higher in the photoperiod of 24/0 (light/dark) compared to the other treatments. Chlorophyll value was the highest in the 16/8 (light/dark) photoperiod and there was no significant difference by light quality. Chlorophyll fluorescence was the lowest in the photoperiod of 24/0 (light/dark) compared with other treatments. Therefore, in terms of economic feasibility and productivity for Ixeris dentata Nakai cultivation in a closed-type plant production system, the results obtained suggest that plants grew the best when kept in a photoperiod of 16/8 (light/dark) and light quality of combined LED RW (3:7).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.134-142
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as affected by artificial light sources and different growing media in a closed-type plant production system (CPPS). The lettuce seeds were sown in the 128-cell plug tray filled with 5 different growing media such as urethane sponge (US), rock-wool (RW), Q-plug (QP), TP-S2 (TP) and PU-7B (PU). The germination rate of lettuce seeds was examined during 12 days after sowing. On the 13 days after sowing, the lettuce seedlings were transplanted in a CPPS with temperature $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and nutrient solution (EC $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, pH 6.5) using recirculating deep floating technique system. The light sources were set with FL (fluorescent lamps) and combined RB LEDs (red : blue = 7 : 3) with $150{\pm}10{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD and a photoperiod of 14/10 hours (light/dark). The initial germination rate of lettuce was the highest in TP. The final germination and mean daily germination were the significantly highest in RW, QP and TP. The plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of shoot were the greatest in QP irradiated with RB LED. The number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of root and SPAD were the greatest in QP and TP irradiated with RB LED. The root length was the longest in TP irradiated with RB LED. Therefore, these results indicate that RB LED was effective for the growth of lettuce and it was also found that the QP and TP were effective for the germination and growth of lettuce in a CPPS. In addition, we confirmed the applicability of the newly developed growing medium TP for the lettuce production in a CPPS.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.241-252
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• 1997

Polychlorodibenzofurans and polychlorodibenzo-pdioxins are among the most toxic xenobiotics released into the biosphere and the cause of significant public concern because of their apparent ubiquityalbeit at low levels- in food and environment. Several bacteria able to degrade nonchlorinated dioxin and dibenzofuran and in some cases to attack chlorinated analogues have recently been isolated. This opens up the possibility that bioremediation processes may ultimately be developed to eliminate these toxic compounds from contaminated sites. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the genetics and biochemistry of dioxin and dibenzofruan degradation by Sphingomonas sp. RW1, a gram-negative bacterium, and highlight the unusual nature of the genetic organization of these pathways.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.727-732
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate design factors relating to sound reduction performance in dry wall system. The main contents of this study are as follows. 1) Analysis and pre-evaluation of sound reduction performance of drywall system ; The sound reduction performance was pre-evaluated by INSUL simulation and these results of analyzing walls were analyzed by screening DOE(design of experiment) for selecting major factors that dominant influence the sound reduction performance. These main factors relating to sound reduction performance can be used for development of 1st grade sound reduction performance drywall system. 2) Design and evaluation of 1st grade sound reduction performance drywall system; The evaluation test of the sound reduction performance gave vaues higher than 1st grade (Rw+C=64). When campared with existing dry wall system, respectivelly, the new system shows performance higher than 8 dB.