• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Adhesion between rubber compound and copper-film-coated steel plate (abbreviated hereafter as copper film plate) with different thicknesses of copper film was investigated. Two different methods were employed for the preparation of the copper film plates: a substitution plating of preelectroplated zinc with copper ion and a vacuum sputtering of copper on steel plate. Adhesion strength of the copper film plates with rubber compounds was largely dependent upon the thickness of copper film, regardless of their preparation methods. The copper film plates with thinner thickness than 75 nm showed high adhesion comparable to brass, while those with thicker copper film showed poor adhesion due to excessive growth of copper sulfide at adhesion interface.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.285-291
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• 2000

Influence of silane coupling agent, bis-(3-(triethoxisilyl)-propyl)-tetrassulfide, on cure characteristics and bound rubber content of filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds and on physical properties of the vulcanizates was studied. Carbon black-filled and silica-filled compounds were compared. Content of the bound rubber increased with increased content of the silane coupling agent and this trend was shown more clearly in the silica-filled compounds. Optimum cure time of the carbon black-filled compound increased with increase of the silane content, while that of the silica-filled one decreased. Cure rate of the carbon black-filled compound became slower as the silane content increased while that of the silica-filled one became faster. By increasing the silane content, the minimum torque decreased and the delta torque increased. Physical properties of the silica-filled vulcanizate were found to be improved by adding the silane coupling agent. However, for the carbon black-filled vulcanizates, the tensile strength and tear resistance decreased with increase of the silane content. The differences between the carbon black-filled and silica-filled compounds were explained by difference in the reactivities of the fillers with the silane.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.129-137
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• 2022

Low molecular weight liquid butadiene rubber (LqBR) is a processing aid that can resolve the migration problem of tire tread compounds. Various studies are being conducted to replace the petroleum-based processing oil with LqBR. However, the effect of the loading time of LqBR in the compounding process on silica dispersion and vulcanizate properties is not well known. In this study, we analyzed silica dispersion, vulcanizate properties, and viscoelastic properties of silica-filled tire tread compound according to the processing aid type (TDAE oil, non-functional LqBR) and, silane terminated LqBR) and input timing. In the non-functional LqBR compounds, the 'with TESPT' mixing procedure showed excellent dynamic viscoelastic properties while silane-terminated LqBR compounds showed that the 'after TESPT' mixing procedure was good for 300% modulus and abrasion resistance.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 1998

In order to investigate the physical properties of rubber blend compound, this experiment was carried out on the cure rate, loss tangent, reinforcement and abrasion properties of S-SBR (solution styrene-butadiene rubber) blends containing silane coupled silica and E-SBR (emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber) blends containing carbon black as a model compound. E-SBR blend showed the highest total bound rubber(TBR), while S-SBR blends showed constant TBR level regardless of rubber type. Rapid cure rate was achieved when the styrene and vinyl content of rubber microstructure decreased and TBR content of rubber compounds increased. The modulus as the index of rubber reinforcement showed the linear relation with TBR content. The large amount of PICO loss was observed when the styrene and vinyl content of rubber microstructure increased, while the small amount of PICO loss was observed when the ratio of bu-tadiene increased in the S-SBR blends with silane copuled silica. The high loss tangent at $0^{\circ}C$, the low loss tangent at $60^{\circ}C$, and the large difference of loss tangent were shown in the S-SBR blends with high styrene content compared to E-SBR blend.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 2011

Various types of accelerators, thiuram (TMTD), thiazole (MBTS), and sulfenamide (CBS) are added into a silica filled natural rubber (NR) compound. Their effects on vulcanization properties are also investigated. TMTD shows a fast vulcanization rate and a higer maximum torque ($T_{max}$), as well as excellent mechanical properties (hardness, 300% modulus, tensile strength, elongation). MBTS shows a moderate vulcanization rate, a lower $T_{max}$, and mechanical properties. Finally, CBS shows a slow vulcanization rate but excellent mechanical properties. The same vulcanization trend can be found in carbon black filled NR compounds.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.128-135
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• 2023

To improve the adhesive strength of natural rubber (NR) for a seismic isolation damper, citraconic acid-g-NR (CCA-g-NR) was synthesized via the melt grafting of citraconic acid (CCA) onto NR using an azobisisnomerobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator. Subsequently, the influence of CCA and AIBN concentrations on the graft ratio G/R (%) and graft efficiency G/E (%) of the CCA-g-NR was investigated. The optimum CCA and AIBN concentrations required to achieve the desired G/R (3.49%) and G/E (49.8%) were found to be 7 phr and 0.13 phr, respectively. Additionally, we studied the influence of CCA-g-NR concentration on the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus at 300%), adhesive strength, and cure characteristics of the rubber compound in the seismic isolation damper. As the concentration of CCA-g-NR increased, the elongation at break and adhesive strength of the compound increased, whereas its tensile strength and modulus at 300% decreased. Moreover, as the concentration increased, the maximum torque decreased and the scorch time was delayed to obtain an optimal vulcanization time.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2018

Three kinds of rubber compounds were prepared, and their underwater acoustical properties were investigated for anechoic coating. Dynamic mechanical properties of the rubber compounds were measured using a dynamic mechanical analyzer and extended to 100 kHz using time-temperature superposition. The sound speed, reflection coefficient, and attenuation constant were calculated. Silicone rubber showed the lowest reflection coefficient, and nitrile rubber showed the highest attenuation constant. The acoustic properties of nitrile rubber compounds with various compositions were investigated. The sound speed, reflection coefficient, and transmission coefficient of the nitrile rubber in the frequency range of 200-1000 kHz were measured in a water-filled tank.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.637-642
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• 2012

The effects of mixing geometry (intermeshing vs. tangential rotor) for the dispersion and distribution of silica agglomerates in SBR/BR compound were investigated. Silica dispersion and distribution were found to be better with the intermeshing rotor compared to the tangential rotor. It was concluded that the intermeshing rotor compared to the tangential rotor delivered a higher shear stress due to interlocked rotor geometry to silica agglomerates leading to better dispersity and distribution of silica in the agglomerates.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.240-246
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• 2015

Formation of a strong 3-dimensional interfacial network structure via chemical reaction between hydroxyl group on silica surface and NR chain by the addition of bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) into silica-filled NR compound was observed by using Py-GC/MS and SEM. Addition of TESPT into silica-filled NR compound decreased scorch time ($t_{10}$) due to increased sulfur content, and reduced cure rate index (CRI) via continuous reaction between sulfur atoms in TESPT, which acted as a sulfur donor, and activators and/or accelerators. Addition of TESPT in the compound improved processability and mechanical properties of the compound. Overall, we observed that the addition of TESPT into the silica-filled NR compound formed a silica-TESPT-NR network, and thus the degree of crosslinking was increased resulting in improved mechanical properties.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.64-72
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• 2024

As air pollution continues to increase owing to increasing traffic centered in urban areas, the tire industry is researching methods to reduce particulate matter. In this study, functionalized lithium butadiene rubber (F-LiBR) was applied to a natural rubber (NR)/butadiene rubber (BR) blend compound often used in truck bus radial (TBR) tire treads. The effect of the functional group that can react with carbon black (CB) in BR was investigated in terms of the dispersion of CB and the compound performance, including the generation of particulate matter. Compounds that were substituted with F-LiBR exhibited enhanced interaction with CB, resulting in excellent filler dispersion. Although F-LiBR exhibited lower crosslinking density and inferior abrasion resistance due to its high vinyl content, the compound with 30 phr of F-LiBR was advantageous in terms of its rolling resistance due to the excellent filler dispersion, which was also effective in reducing the amount of generated particulate matter (up to 56% reduction for PM_2.5, and 67% reduction for PM₁₀). The results confirmed the benefits of the introduction of functional groups into TBR tire tread compounds, which can aid in improving the fuel efficiency and reducing particulate matter generation.