• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.574-580
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the pathogenicity of different genotypes of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) strains isolated from infected rainbow trout in Gangwon Province. RtPc0314c and RtPc0314g strains belonging to the JRt-Shizuoka lineage and RtPc0816g strain belonging to the JRt-Nagano lineage showed 100% cumulative mortality when inoculated at a high titer. In addition, more rapid necrosis was observed in rainbow trout infected with RtPc0314c and RtPc0314g mutations. When inoculated at a low titer, 100% mortality was not observed until the end of the experiment, but the mortality was higher in rainbow trout infected with a mutant strain belonging to the JRt-Shizuoka linage than a mutant strain belonging to the JRt-Nagano lineage. A histopathological analysis showed a clear signature of infection in kidney and spleen tissues upon infection with RtPc0314c and RtPc0314g but no signature of infection associated with the Rt03186 strain. Based on the results in this study, it seems that strains belonging to the JRt-Shizuoka lineage in Gangwon Province IHNV are more pathogenic.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.430-441
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to characterize functional distinction between human dental pulp cells(PC) and periodontal ligament cells(PDLC) using cDNA micro array assay and to confirm the results of the microarray assay using RT-PCR. 3 genes out of 51 genes which were found to be more expressed(>2 fold) in PC were selected, and 3 genes out of 19 genes which were found to be more expressed(>2 fold) in PDLC were selected for RT-PCR as well. According to this study, the results were as follows: 1. From the micro array assay, 51 genes were more expressed (2 fold) from PC than PDLC. 2. RT-PCR confirmed that ITGA4 and TGF ${\beta}2$ were more expressed in PC than in PDLC 3. From the micro array assay, 19 genes were more expressed (2 fold) from PDLC than PC. 4. RT-PCR confirmed that LUM, WISP1. and MMP1 were more expressed in PDLC than in PC. From the present study, different expression of the genes between the PC and PDLC were characterized to show the genes which play an important role in dentinogenesis were more expressed from PC than PDLC, while the genes which were related with collagen synthesis were more expressed from PDLC than PC.

• The Korean Journal of Urological Oncology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.126-134
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the radiation therapy (RT) and radical prostatectomy (RP) of high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer (PC) patients after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients underwent RT (42 patients) or RP (152 patients) after NHT at a single center during 2003-2014. Times to biochemical recurrence (BCR), pelvic local recurrence (PLR), metastasis, clinical painful symptom progression (CPSP), castration-resistant PC (CRPC), and overall survival were compared between the RT and RP groups, after adjustment for TN stage, using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Results: Significant inter-group differences were observed for age, Gleason score, initial PSA, and clinical and pathological T stages (all p<0.05). During a median follow-up of 71.7 months, the overall incidences of BCR, PLR, metastasis, CPSP, CRPC, and death were 49.5%, 16.5%, 8.3%, 7.7%, 7.7%, and 17.5%, respectively. The median times to BCR were 100 months for RT and 36.2 months for RP (p=0.004), although the median times were not reached for the other outcomes (all p>0.05). The independent predictor of CPSP was RP (hazard ratio, 0.291; p=0.013). Conclusions: Despite significantly different baseline parameters, RP provided better CPSP-free survival than RT among patients with localized high-risk or locally advanced PC.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.138-160
• /
• 2001

In this study we measured oxidation potentials and current densities for poly(vinylcholride) (PVC) and poly(carbonate)(PC) in nonaqueous solutions, in order to find out how corrosion (oxidation) potentials depend on temperature, pH, enzyme, or added salts. The Tafel's slopes were determined from the Tafel plots of polarization curves. The transfer coefficients (${\alpha}$) wre evaluated from the slope(1-${\alpha}$)nF/2.3 RT, and the electrode reactions appeared irreversible under all conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.701-704
• /
• 1999

Metallophthalocyanines [PcM, Pc: phthalocyanine, M: Fe 2+ , Co 2+ ] were reacted with α-isocyanonaphthalene( α-in) and α-isocyanoanthracene (α-ia) to form monomeric complexes. The synthesis and coordination behaviour of the isocyanides as a ligand (L) are discussed. All the products were characterized by spectroscopic methods and instrumental analysis. The electrical conductivities of these complexes, which were not treated with dopant, were attributed to the metal-ligand electron delocalization in the PcML2 complexes. The complexes have an enlarged macrocycle where the π-electron back donating ability of PcM is stronger than the σ-electron coordinating ability of the isonitrile ligands. Their electrical conductivities were measured as σRT = 2.1×10 -9 ~3×10 -10 S/cm. Also thermal stability was investigated in this study.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.51-63
• /
• 2009

Background and Objective : The prospects for developing an anti-apoptotic natural component or a compound that exerts a neuroprotective effect with few or no side effects for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease appear favorable. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the methanol extract of Phellodendri Cortex (PC extract) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium($MPP^+$)-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Materials and Methods : We used the methanol extract of Phellodendri Cortex (PC extract). PC-12 cells were cultured by RPMZ-1640. We found the PC extract's gene expression (Bax, Bcl-2) by using RT-PCR. We examined the PC extract's protein expression (Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3) by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results : Apoptosis in $MPP^+$-induced PC-12 cells was accompanied by an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol and the activation of caspase-3. PC extract inhibited the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and the up-regulation of Bax, as well as the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol. In addition, PC extract attenuated caspase-3 activation and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Conclusion : These results suggest that the neuroprotective potentials of PC extract against $MPP^+$-induced apoptosis can be. at least partially, ascribed to its anti-apoptotic effects in PC-12 cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.905-913
• /
• 2003

Oriental medicine explains aging as the weakening of Kidney-ai, and Kidney-strengthening herbal medicines such as Yukmijihwang-tang have been studied for anti-aging effects. In Western Medicine, the hypothesis that reactive oxidant species(ROS) contribute to the aging process is generally accepted. It has been reported that Moutan Cortex Radicis extract (MCR) was the most effective constituent of Yukmijihwang-tang in decreasing ROS production in oxidative-stressed cells. The purpose of this study is to confirm the anti-oxidant effect of MCR on PC12 cells, the expression of Heme oxygenase (HO), Macrophage migradon inhibitory factor (MIF), Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) using real time RT PCR. PC12 cells were treated without or with hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of MCR using MTS assay. Hydrogen peroxide decreased the viability of PC12 cells by 53% and MCR did not influence that of stressed PC 12 cells irrespective of dose or incubation period. However, MCR showed an inhibitory effect on production of ROS in stressed cells, both dose and incubation time dependently. In particular, 1 ㎎/㎖ of MCR for 24 h culture almost returned to normal level. In the quantiation of anti-aging related gene expression, MCR at 1 ㎎/㎖ increased the expression of HO by 370%, MIF by 180% and COMT by 280% through real time RT PCR. In conclusion, MCR treatment protected PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide and decreased ROS production and enhanced anti-oxidative gene expression such as HO, COMT and MIF, which suggests that MCR is involved in controlling anti-aging of nerve cells through elimination of cytotoxic stimuli.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2017

Recently, with the ever-increasing complexity of industrial robot systems, it has been greatly attention to adopt a multi-core based motion controller with high cost-performance ratio. In this paper, we propose a software architecture that aims to utilize the computing power of multi-core processors. The key concept of our architecture is to use shared memory for the interplay between threads running on separate processor cores. And then, we have integrated our proposed architecture with an industrial standard compliant IDE for automatic code generation of motion runtime. For the performance evaluation, we constructed a test-bed consisting of a motion controller with Preempt-RT Linux based dual-core industrial PC and a 3-axis industrial robot platform. The experimental results show that the actuation time difference between axes is 10 ns in average and bounded up to 689 ns under $1000{\mu}s$ control period, which can come up with real-time performance for industrial robot.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.167-170
• /
• 2002

The long terminal repeats (LTRs) of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) have been found to be coexpressed with sequences of closely located genes. It has been suggested that the LTR elements have contributed to the structural change or genetic variation of human genome connected to various diseases and evolution. We examined the HERV-W LTR elements in various cancer cells (2F7, A43l , A549, HepG2, MIA-PaCa-2, PC-3, RT4, SiHa, U-937, and UO-31). Using genomic DNA from the cancer cells, we performed PCR amplification and identified twelve new HERV-W LTR elements. Those LTR elements showed a high degree of sequence similarity (88-99％) with HERV-W LTR (AF072500). A phylogenetic tree obtained by the neighbor-joining method revealed that HERV-W LTR elements could be mainly divided into two groups through evolutionary divergence. Three HERV-W LTR elements (RT4-2, A43l-1, and UO3l-2) belonged to Group 1, whereas nine LTR elements (2F7-2, A549-1, A549-3, HepG2-3, MP2-2, PC3-1, SiHa-8, SiHa-10, and U937-1) belonged to Group 11. Taken together, our new sequence data of the HERV-W LTR elements may contribute to an understanding of tissue-specific cancer by genomic instability of LTR integration.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.196-203
• /
• 1995

The c-myc proto-oncogene, one of the immediately earlY genes, is expressed in various mammalian cell types and heavily involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. To determine endogeneous expression pattern of c-myc gene in preimpBantation mouse embwos, we employed a reverse transcription coupled to polvrnerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transcript of c-myc was detected at fertilized embryos as a maternal transcript. At the early two-cell stave, transcript of c-myc gene was hardly detected, bu, appeared at late two-cell embryos as a zygotic transcript. The level of c-myc expresion was increased at later stases and peaked at blastocvst stage. To examine the functional role of promoter region for c-myc gene transcription, we fused the 5'upstream region (1.8 kb) including econ 1 of c-myc genomic DNA with E. coli lacE gene fnamed as pcMYC-laczl. pcMYC-lacZ was microiniected into the pronscleus of mouse one-cell embryovs, and p·salactosidase activity was determined tv histochemical staining with X-gal at different stases. f-galactosidase activity was detected only at blastocyst, but not at the earlier stage embryos. This result indicates that c-myc gene is transcriptionallv active during mouse preimplantation development.