• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.479-485
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• 2023

Although fire incidents occur frequently in factory buildings, the focus has primarily been on property damage rather than human casualties. In this study, we conducted an analysis of RSET(Required Safe Egress Time) variation by examining the relocation of workbenchs using evacuation simulations. The results demonstrated that a simple change in workbench placement led to different RSET and variations in the feasibility of evacuation. Specifically, arranging workbenchs in a vertical configuration reduced travel time for workers and minimized total evacuation time. The hybrid layout of "vertical-horizontal" exhibited the shortest RSET, while the "horizontal-vertical" configuration resulted in the longest RSET. These research findings are significant as they provide practical alternatives to decrease RSET in small-scale factories where additional investments beyond essential safety equipment may pose challenges due to budget constraints. However, it is important to note that this study solely focused on comparing RSET while controlling for all other factors, without considering real-life fire simulations. Therefore, further research is necessary to integrate fire simulations and conduct comprehensive assessments of evacuation safety.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.315-322
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• 2021

This study analyzes the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET), in the event of a fire at a welfare center for the disabled, using the emergency passage according to the floor arrangement of users to evaluate the safety and the difference in RSET for each emergency passage using the Pathfinder simulation program to suggest an efficient evacuation method. As a result of RSET, it was found that there is no problem in evacuation safety for the current state of the facility's personnel allocation by satisfying the standard RSET in case of fire, and evacuation can be completed safely by evacuating through stairs rather than using elevators if possible. It is necessary for employees to be provided sufficient education and training in advance so that they can evacuate effectively with the disabled in case of fire. This study gives significance in saving many precious lives and safely evacuate in case of fire as evacuation routes were secured through the design, construction and operation of facilities for the disabled and the RSET was shortened through regular evacuation practices. It is necessary to discuss the further RSET studies based on the automatic fire shutters open or not when a fire occurs at a specific location following the installation of automatic fire shutter at the entrance of each floor of the facilities.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.509-515
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• 2021

This study analyzes the efficient floor layout plan of classrooms for securing evacuation stability in school in case of fire by using the Pathfinder simulation program. Efficient evacuation methods and safety were evaluated by analyzing REST (Required Safe Egress Time) according to the allocation of personnel by floor targeting a high school 5-story building equipped with a ramp and stairs. The current status of personnel assignments exceeded the Required Safe Egress Time(RSET), resulting in a problem with evacuation safety. When students were placed on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th floors, the result was that the time exceeded RSET the most. When students were placed on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd floors, the result was that they completed evacuation in the shortest time, less than RSET. In the current state, when evacuation was guided by designating an evacuation exit depending on the location, the result of shortening RSET was obtained. As a result, it is effective to put the students on the lower floors when placing students in high-rise school buildings in terms of evacuation safety, and in the preliminary training, it is required to designate evacuation exits so that they can use the nearest exit for each location in case of a fire. As a future research project, additional research is needed on the RSET when a fire occurs in a specific location according to whether the automatic fire door at that location is opened or closed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.315-319
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• 2004

For antibody development of human serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT, EC 2.3.1.50), SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 genes were subcloned in pRset vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3)pLys cells. Eucaryotic SPT is a membrane-bound heterodimer enzyme, while all other members are soluble homodimer enzymes. cDNA library were obtained from total RNA from human embryo kidney cell line, HEK293, using RT-PCR and PCR with specific primers was carried out for preparing SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 genes. pRset vector which can express hexahistidine-tag fusion protein was used and the DNA sequences of pRsetB/SPTLC1 and pRsetA/SPTLC2 were confirmed. Recombinant BL21 cells with SPTLC subunits were selected with LB plate containing ampicillin and chroramphenicol. SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 proteins were induced with 1 mM IPTG and seperated on 10% SDS-PAGE gel. Expressed proteins were confirmed by western blotting with His-tag antibody.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.184-196
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• 2021

This study, in order to evaluate the safety of evacuation by comparing and analyzing the RSET according to the slope change of the ramp, which is a vertical evacuation route in case of fire in a high school building, Evacuation simulation was run the Pathfinder program changed the slope of the ramp to 10°, 15°, and 20° for each male students and female students. In the case of female students, it was analyzed that when the final RSET slope was 15°, 25.7 seconds were shorter than when 10°, and 4.2 seconds were shorter than when 20°. Male students also found that when the final RSET slope was 15°, 23.8 seconds were shorter than when 10°, and 5.4 seconds shorter than when 20°. It was analyzed that even if the number of participants was increased and the evacuation simulation was executed, the safety of evacuation could be improved when the slope of the slope is 15° as the RSET when the slope of the slope is 15° is shorter than that of 10° and 20°.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.73-78
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• 2016

The Installation, Maintence, and Safety Control of Fire-fighting Systems Act of South Korea regulates that over 30-storey high-rise buildings including underground spaces should vitally perform the Performance-based Design to minimize property damage and personal injury as a fire risk assessment in advance. Therefore a PBD designer such as a fire safety professional engineer evaluate occupant's life safety by a scientific methodology. In order to evaluate the life safety, fire safety designers calculate the Required Safety Egress Time (RSET) which does not have the legal criteria regarding the standard method of calculation yet. So this way has been showing different results depending upon the designer's choice, knowledges and experiences. In this study, RSET calculation methods by six designers respectively were analysed from the thirteen reports of real performance based design projects conducted in Busan for a last five years. In particular, the Response Time calculation methods which have the most powerful effect for figuring the RSET are compared with the other designer's to deduce an error value.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.419-425
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• 2021

This study analyzed the safety of evacuation according to the number of exits and the direction of evacuation routes with evacuation simulations of the Pathfinder in case of a fire at a highway service area. It was also analyzed of the difference in RSET by comparing the single or double types of the exit of a facility. The results were as follows. When only one direction exit was opened, all of the RSET were exceeded. When two or more different directions were opened according to the general principle of evacuation, all results met the RSET. The simulations showed that two or more different directions were more shortened in RSET than the one same direction. The result of the types of doors showed that the single type door was shortened in RSET rather than the double type doors. For the evacuation safety in a fire at the highway service areas, firstly, it is necessary to secure two or more exits in a fire at all times. Secondly, the exits should not be same directions. Finally, it is suggested that the exit should be installed with a single type of door.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.9-13
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• 2011

The Performance-based fire protection design required to construct super high-rise building is the active measure for the evaluation of fire risks and the establishment of fire protection systems on the basis of engineering analysis, which is more efficient and proper than existing prescriptive-based design. This study applied time-line analysis of RSET is required safe egress time and ASET is available safe egress time with the fire and evacuation simulation to analyze. The result of this study showed the sprinkler system increased ASET and fire detection and alarm system reduced RSET efficiently. Reduced evacuation time influences to secure the life safety. Also it is essential to maintain the fire suppression system and fire detection & alarm system properly. Database of fire movement and evacuation action program are useful for the performance-based design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.146-149
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• 2015

지하연계 복합건축물의 건립이 급증함에 따라 건축물의 피난 성능이 중요시되고 있으며 복잡 다양해진 피난유도에 대한 피난시설 배치와 RSET(Required Safe Egress Time)이 필수적으로 관련 지침에 명시되고 있다. 그러나 RSET에 대한 신뢰성 검증 및 용도별 수용인원 산정 방법이 주관적인 관점에 의해 제시되고 있으며 이런 검증 자료의 검토기준이 정량적이지 않아 안전성 확보가 이뤄지지 않고 있는 것이 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지하연계 복합건축물의 피난 안전성을 확보하는데 가장 적합한 검증을 위해 방재 선진국의 ASET 기준을 심층적으로 분석하여 지하연계 건축물 등에서 국내 실정에 맞게 적용할 수 있는 최적화된 ASET을 도출하였다. 이러한 ASET의 신뢰성을 검증할 수 있도록 피난안전구역 및 준하는 구역의 현실 가능성을 분석하고 국내 외에서 상용화되고 있는 피난시뮬레이션 소프트웨어를 통해 건축물의 용도에 따른 수용인원 산정기준의 현실적 방안과 피난경로 설정의 Logic을 감안하여 피난의 안전 및 최단시간 가능성을 고려하였다. 따라서 지하연계복합 건축물에서 요구하는 피난성능과 수용인원의 최적화된 RSET을 정량적으로 도출함에 따라 피난 안전성에 대한 검증 프로세스를 제시하였다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2024

The purpose is to evaluate evacuation safety by simulating the toxic effects of hydrogen fluoride leaks in areas surrounding national industrial complexes and to suggest alternatives for areas that do not satisfy evacuation safety. For human casualties caused by hydrogen fluoride leakage accidents, Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) is calculated by the toxic effects quantified with the Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA), an off-site consequence assessment program. The Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) is calculated through Pathfinder, an evacuation simulation program. Evacuation safety is assessed by comparing ASET and RSET. The ALOHA program was used to evaluate the time to reach AEGL-2 concentration in 12 scenarios. The Pathfinder program was used to assess the total evacuation time of the high school among specific fire-fighting objects. Of the 12 accident scenarios, ASET was larger than RSET in the worst-case scenarios 1 and 9. For the remaining 10 accident scenarios, the ASET is smaller than the RSET, so we found that evacuation safety is not guaranteed, and countermeasures are required. Since evacuation safety is not satisfactory, we proposed to set up an evacuation area equipped with positive pressure equipment and air respirators inside specific fire-fighting objects such as the high school.