• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.45-49
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate anti-inflammatory activity using various extracts of rice straw (DaoCao) extract (RS).Methods : To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of RS, we examined the effect of RS on cytokines production on THP-1 cell. Cells were cultured in incubator (37℃, CO₂5%, 0.5% FBS-RPMI, 1X10⁶cells/ml). One hour after,Dermatophagoides pteronissinus(Dp., 10 ug/ml) was treated into cell and at 6 hour after, each different concentrations(0.1, 1 and 10 ug/ml) of RS were treated. The cells were incubated for 16 hours and harvest the supernatant. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-αwere determined using a commercially available ELISA kit.Results : We investigated whether RS has the inhibition of inflammatory response in Jurkat cells and THP-1 cells. RS suppressed secretion of IL-4, IL-5, and TNF-αinduced by house dust mites in Jurkat cells. It showed significant effects for all concentrations. RS suppressed the increased expression of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 after treatment with mite in THP-1 cells. These results suggest that RS may be used as a valuable agent for treating allergic diseases such as atopy due to its anti-inflammatory property.Conclusions : RS showed significant biological activities with anti-inflammatory in the human T cells. These results suggest that RS may be used as a valuable agent for treating allergic diseases such as atopy due to its anti-inflammatory property. In terms of Korean traditional medicine, we expect the results to contribute to building of EBM (Evidence-Based Medicine).

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.10-23
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• 2005

Purpose : This study is to examine the ability of Rhizoma Scirpi (RS) to induce HeLa cell viability. Methods : We culture HeLa cell which is human metrocarcinoma cell in D-MEM included 10% fetal bovine serum(Hyclone Laboratories) below $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2. Then we observed apoptosis of log phage cell which is changed cultivation liquid 24 Hours periodically. Results : 1. RS induces mitochondria membrane potential collapse. 2. P38 MAPK is involved in RS-induced death in HeLa cells. 3. P38 MAPK is involved in RS-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. 4. P38 MAPK reguates RS-induced caspase-3, -8 and -9 activation in HeLa cells. 5. The inhibition of caspase regulates RS-induced cell death in HeLa cells. 6. RS induces mitochondria membrane potential collapse in HeLa cells. 7. P38 MPK is involved in the regulation of Bcl-2 and Bfu in HeLa cells.8. RS regulates the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in HeLa cells. 9. SR induces p38 MAPK activation in HeLa cells. Conclusion : RS induces apoptosis in HeLa cells via p38 MAPK activation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.409-417
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• 2023

Objective : The association between boule (BOLL) and endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) loci and intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation has been reported via genome-wide association studies. We sought to identify genome-wide interactions involving BOLL and EDNRA loci for IA in a Korean adult cohort. Methods : Genome-wide pairwise interaction analyses of BOLL and EDNRA involving 250 patients with IA and 296 controls were performed using the additive effect model after adjusting for confounding factors. Results : Among 512575 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 23 and 11 common SNPs suggested a genome-wide interaction threshold (p<1.25×10^-8) involving rs700651 (BOLL) and rs6841581 (EDNRA). Rather than singe SNP effect of BOLL or EDNRA on IA development, they showed a synergistic effect on IA formation via multifactorial pair-wise interactions. The rs1105980 of PTCH1 gene showed the most significant interaction with rs700651 (natural log-transformed odds ratio [lnOR], 1.53; p=6.41×10^-11). The rs74585958 of RYK gene interacted strongly with rs6841581 (lnOR, -19.91; p=1.64×10^-9). Although, there was no direct interaction between BOLL and EDNRA variants, two EDNRA-interacting gene variants of TNIK (rs11925024 and rs1231) and FTO (rs9302654), and one BOLL-interacting METTL4 gene variant (rs549315) exhibited marginal interaction with BOLL gene. Conclusion : BOLL or EDNRA may have a synergistic effect on IA formation via multifactorial pair-wise interactions.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.348-368
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• 2022

Purpose: Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of gastric cancer (GC). It can be driven by single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cell cycle genes. We investigated the associations between SNVs in candidate genes, PLK2, PLK3, and ATM, and GC risk and clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods: The genotyping study included 542 patients with GC and healthy controls. Generalized linear models were used for the risk and clinicopathological association analyses. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The binding of candidate miRs was analyzed using a luciferase reporter assay. Results: The PLK2 C_rs15009-C_rs963615 haplotype was under-represented in the GC group compared to that in the control group (P_corr=0.050). Male patients with the PLK2 rs963615 CT genotype had a lower risk of GC, whereas female patients had a higher risk (P=0.023; P=0.026). The PLK2 rs963615 CT genotype was associated with the absence of vascular invasion (P=0.012). The PLK3 rs12404160 AA genotype was associated with a higher risk of GC in the male population (P=0.015). The ATM T_rs228589-A_rs189037-G_rs4585 haplotype was associated with a higher risk of GC (P<0.001). The ATM rs228589, rs189037, and rs4585 genotypes TA+AA, AG+GG, and TG+GG were associated with the absence of perineural invasion (P=0.034). In vitro analysis showed that the cancer-associated miR-23b-5p mimic specifically bound to the PLK2 rs15009 G allele (P=0.0097). Moreover, low miR-23b expression predicted longer 10-year survival (P=0.0066) in patients with GC. Conclusions: PLK2, PLK3, and ATM SNVs could potentially be helpful for the prediction of GC risk and clinicopathological features. PLK2 rs15009 affects the binding of miR-23b-5p. MiR-23b-5p expression status could serve as a prognostic marker for survival in patients with GC.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.234-238
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• 2007

The effects of ultra-fine pulverization on the physicochemical properties of rice starch (RS) were investigated using a high impact planetary mill. After pulverization, RVA characteristics, peak viscosity, break down, and set back values of RS decreased from 274.75 to 9.42 RVU, 214.46 to 6.17 RVU, and 87.80 to 17.00 RVU, respectively. The pasting properties also changed significantly. X-Ray diffractogram revealed RS had four A-type peaks, which disappeared after pulverization. The peak temperature and gelatinization enthalpy of RS using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were 13.99 J/g at $75.14^{\circ}C$, whereas the pulverized RS (PRS) had two peaks, 0.13 J/g at $63.88^{\circ}C$ and 1.23 J/g at $101.24^{\circ}C$. DSC measurement showed the retrogradation degree of PRS was lower than that of RS after storage at 4 and $25^{\circ}C$. The enzymatic (${\alpha}$-amylase) digestibilities of RS and PRS were 72.7 and 77.3%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.1048-1049
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• 2006

Rapidly solidified ribbon-consolidation processing was applied for preparation of high strength bulk Mg-Zn-Gd alloys. Mg alloys have been used in automotive and aerospace industries. Rapid solidification (RS) process is suitable for the development of high strength Mg alloys, because the process realizes grain-refinement, increase in homogeneity, and so on. Recently, several nanocrystalline Mg-Zn-Y alloys with high specific tensile strength and large elongation have been developed by rapidly solidified powder metallurgy (RS P/M) process. Mg-Zn-Y RS P/M alloys are characterized by long period ordered (LPO) structure and sub-micron fine grains. The both additions of rare earth elements and zinc remarkably improved the mechanical properties of RS Mg alloys. Mg-Zn-Gd alloy also forms LPO structure in -Mg matrix coherently, therefore, it is expected that the RS Mg-Zn-Gd alloys have excellent mechanical properties. In this study, we have developed high strength RS Mg-Zn-Gd alloys with LPO structure and nanometer-scale precipitates by RS ribbon-consolidation processing. $Mg_{97}Zn_1Gd_2$ and $Mg_{95.5}Zn_{1.5}Gd_3$ and $Mg_{94}Zn_2Gd_4$ bulk alloys exhibited high tensile yield strength (470 MPa and 525 MPa and 566 MPa) and large elongation (5.5% and 2.8% and 2.4%).

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2018

This study was conducted to reuse spent mushroom substrates (SMS) of Pleurotus ostreatus and improve their nitrogen content by bacterial treatment. Two kinds of bacteria were used to investigate the increase in total nitrogen (T-N) content. Bacillus sp. (GM20-4) was isolated from SMS of oyster mushroom, and Rhodobacter sphaeroides (RS) was obtained from Gwangju Si Agricultural Technology Center. SMS samples were collected from three oyster mushroom cultivation farms located in Gyeonggi-do province, Korea. When dried SMS was inoculated with 30% culture broth of GM20-4 and RS and incubated at room temperature ($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) for 5 days, T-N content increased. To investigate the T-N content of other SMS, three dried SMS samples (A, B, and C) were treated by the same method using GM20-4 and RS. As a result, the T-N content of sample B was 20% higher than that of the control, whereas the T-N content of samples A and C increased to 17% and 12%, respectively. The change in T-N content by bacterial treatment of wet SMS was slightly higher than that of the control. The changes in amino acid content were also found to be higher than those in the control in all SMS samples by GM20-4 and RS treatment. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid contents were the highest among all amino acid compositions. Especially, the aspartic and glutamic acid contents of sample B increased by 2.9 folds higher than the control.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.861-868
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• 2001

In this paper, the performance of Reed Solomon(RS)/convolution리 concatenated codes and turbo code using semi random interleaver over the radio communication channel was analyzed. In the result, we proved that the performance of decoder was excellent as increase the interleaver size, constraint length, and iteration number. When turbo code using semi random interleaver and Hsiconvolutional concatenated codes was constant constraint length L=5, BER=10-4 , each value of $E_b/N_o$ was 4.5〔dB〕 and 2.95〔dB〕. Therefore, when the constraint length was constant, we proved that the performance of turbo code is superior to RS/Convolutional concatenated codes about 1.55〔dB〕 in the case of BER=10-4.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 1985

To compare heart rate, $O_2$ uptake, $Vo_2$ ($O_2$ consumption), blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), reaction time, stability, flicker fusion value during 4 load levels with Rs (self-paced respiration) and Rp (paced respiration), 4 subjects participated in this experiment 1 hour/day, 6 days/week for 9 weeks. The cycle of Rp is 6 sec. (inspiration: 3 sec. & expiration: 3 sec.) Implications of the results are discussed in terms of the change in the physiological responses and human performance by the respiratory pattern. The results are as follows, 1. The changing magnitude of heart rate with Rp was larger than with Rs and the variance during load level 4 was significant. 2. The $Vo_2$ with Rp was smaller than with Rs and maximal $O_2$ uptake given load levels with Rp occurred and for two subjects, it significantly moved from low load level to high load level. 3. The changing magnitude of blood pressure was not consistent but the systolic pressure with Rp was smaller at rest than with Rs. 4. The score of reaction time test and stability test with Rp was better than with Rs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1758-1763
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• 2010

Osteoporosis is a complex systemic skeletal disease and a major public health concern worldwide. It is a heritable disorder characterized mainly by low bone density and/or low trauma osteoporotic fractures, both of which have strong genetic determination. However, the specific genetic variants determining risk for low bone density are still largely unknown. Here, we performed association analysis to elucidate the possible relationship between genetic polymorphisms in the SQSTM1 gene and low bone density. By examining a total of 7225 (men: 3622, women: 3603) subjects from the Korean population in the Korean Association REsource (KARE) study, we discovered that SQSTM1 gene polymorphisms were associated with bone density. The results of the BD-RT (bone density estimated by T-score at distal radius) showed that three SNPs (rs513235, rs3734007, and rs11249661) within the SQSTM1 gene were significantly associated with bone density. The results of the BD-TT (bone density estimated by T-score at midshaft tibia) showed that four SNPs (rs513235, rs3734007, rs2241349, and rs11249661) were significantly associated with bone density. The three SNPs (rs513235, rs3734007, and rs11249661) had common significance in both BD-RT and BD-TT. In summary, we found statistically significant SNPs in the SQSTM1 gene that are associated with bone density traits. Therefore, our findings suggest SQSTM1 gene could be related to pathogenesis of osteoporosis.