• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1993

The microencapsulation of sodium naproxen with Eudragit. RS was studied by coacrtvation/phase separation process using Span 80 in mineral oil/acetone system. Various factors which affect the mciroencapsulation, e.g., stirring speed, and surfactant concentraction, Eudagit RS concentration and loading drug amounts were examined. For the evaluation of the prepared microcapsules, release rate, particle size distribution and surface appearance as well as in vivo test were carried out. The addition of n-hexane and freezing of microcapsules accelerated the hardening of microcapsules. The optimum concentration of Span 80 ti prepare the smallest microcapsules was the same value with the CMC of Span 80 in solvent system. When 1.5% (w/w) Span 80 was used, the smallest microcapsules were formed $(30.02\pm5.05\mu$ in diameter) belonging to the powder category showing smooth, round and uniform surface. The release of sodium naproxen was retarded by microencapsulation with Eudragit RS. The Eudragit RS microcapsules showed significantly increased AUC and MRT and deceased Cl/F in rabbits.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

The changes of resistant starch (RS) contents of cooked rice with soybean and coconut oils under different storage conditions were investigated and RS contents were compared between the rice and cooker types. The japonica (Hopyeong) and the indica (Thailand) type rice were cooked (washed rice: water = 100: 130) using an electric cooker and a saucepan. The coconut oil and soybean oil (3%, based on rice, w/w) were added into cooking water before heating. The RS contents of freeze-dried cooked rice powders (newly-cooked rice, stored for 12 h in the refrigerator, microwave heating after storage for 12 h in the refrigerator) were measured by the AOAC method. The RS contents of cooked rice using a saucepan were higher than those using an electric cooker. The indica type cooked rice had a higher RS content than the japonica type cooked rice, regardless of storage conditions. However, addition of oil before cooking rice resulted in increased RS content on storage in the refrigerator. The highest RS content of the cooked indica type rice with soybean oil ($5.89{\pm}0.22%$) that was stored for 12 h in the refrigerator was analyzed. The results suggested that the cooked rice formed retrograded (RS3) and amylose-lipid complex (RS5) type RS; furthermore, the RS content is affected by storage conditions, rice, cooker and oil types.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2019

UV Psc is a typical RS CVn type system undergoing dynamic chromosphere activity. We performed photometric observations of the system in 2015 and secured new BVR light curves showing well-defined photometric waves. In this paper, we analyzed the light curves using Wilson-Devinney binary code and investigated the orbital period of the system. The combination of our light curve synthesis with the spectroscopic solution developed by previous investigators yielded the absolute parameters as: $M_1=1.104{\pm}0.042M_{\odot}$, $R_1=1.165{\pm}0.025R_{\odot}$, and $L_1=1.361{\pm} 0.041L_{\odot}$ for the primary star, and $M_2=0.809{\pm}0.082M_{\odot}$, $R_2=0.858{\pm}0.018R_{\odot}$, and $L_2=0.339 {\pm}0.010L_{\odot}$ for the secondary star. The eclipse timing diagram for accurate CCD and photoelectric timings showed that the orbital period may vary either in a downward parabolic manner or a quasi-sinusoidal pattern. If the latter is adopted as a probable pattern for the period change, a more plausible account for the cyclic variation may be the light time effect caused by a circumbinary object rather than an Applegate-mechanism occurring via variable surface magnetic field strengths.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of resilience and related factors in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in Korea. Methods: Data were obtained from 148 patients using the Resilience Scale (RS), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and Spielberger's Anxiety Inventory (AI). Results: The mean scores of the RS, BDI, and AI were $127.7{\pm}21.6$, $12.9{\pm}9.3$, and $41.9{\pm}11.1$, respectively. The RS score was strongly correlated with the BDI score (r=-.531, p<.001) and the AI (r=-.572, p<.001). The resilience was significantly revealed by household income (F=4.002, p=.009) and presence of a hobby (t=-3.300, p=.001). In addition, resilience was significantly correlated with age of disease onset (r=.164, p=.046), years of living with PD (r=-.262, p=.001), and the length of treatment with levodopa (r=-.283, p<.001). From the stepwise multiple regression analysis, the most important factors related to the RS score were the AI score, household income, and length of treatment with levodopa. Conclusion: Understanding these factors is essential for developing effective interventions to improve resilience in patients with PD.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2008

목 적 : 신체검진 결과와 증상점수를 통하여 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증과 일차성 코골이를 감별할 수 있는가를 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 56명의 코골이 환아와 20명의 무증상 대조군에게 수면다원검사를 시행하여 39명의 패쇄성 수면무호흡증후군 환아와 17명의 일차성 코골이 환아, 20명의 대조군으로 나누었다. 이들을 대상으로 편도-아데노이드의 크기를 측정하였고 수면호흡장애를 평가하는 SDBS과 OSA-18를, 그리고 행동장애를 평가하는 설문인 ADHD RS-IV을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증군과 일차성 코골이군의 아데노이드와 편도의 크기, SDBS ($9.4{\pm}4.6\;vs\;10.8{\pm}4.5$), OSA-18 score ($61.1{\pm}25.1\;vs\;71.2{\pm}8.4$)를 비교한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 대조군과의 비교에서는 두군 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. ADHD RS-IV의 평균점수도 두군 모두 대조군($2.9{\pm}3.3$)보다 유의하게 높았으나 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증군($15.8{\pm}7.9$)과 일차성 코골이군($22.2{\pm}9.4$) 두군간의 비교에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 코골이 환아에서 편도 아데노이드의 크기와 증상 점수로는 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증군과 일차성 코골이군을 감별할 수 없었다. 또한 주의력 결핍 과잉행동 장애 증상 점수가 일차성 코골이 환아에서도 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증군과 같이 정상대조군에 비해 높은 결과를 보였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2006

목 적: 본 연구의 목적은 자폐스펙트럼장애를 가진 아동들과 그 부모로 이루어진 trio를 대상으로 이 장애와 NMDA 수용체 유전자, 그 가운데 GRIN2B 유전자와의 관련성을 규명하고자 하는 것이다. 방 법: 발달지연을 주소로 가천의대 길병원과 경상대학교병원 소아정신과 외래를 내원한 아동을 선별 대상으로 하였다. DSM-IV 진단체계를 이용하여 2명의 소아정신과 의사가 자폐 스펙트럼 장애로 진단한 아동이 일차적인 연구 대상으로 선별되었다. 선별된 아동과 부모들에게는 한국판 자폐증 진단 관찰 스케줄(Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 이하 ADOS) 및 자폐증 진단 면담-개정판(Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, 이하 ADI-R)를 실시하였다. PCR-RFLP법을 이용, GRIN2B 유전자에서 모두 4개의 단일 염기 다형성을 분석하였다(rs7301328, rs1806201, rs1805247, rs1805502). 각각의 SNPs에 대한 allelic association 을 평가하기 위하여 TDT 방법이 시행되었으며, 이를 통해 자폐장애 아동이 부모로부터 후보유전자의 특정 alleles들을 유의하게 더 많이 전달받았는지의 여부를 관찰한 뒤 McNemar chi-square test(df=1)에 의거하여 분석하였다. 결 과: 1) 연구 대상군의 특성 : 총 126명의 자폐 스펙트럼장애 아동과 그들의 생물학적 부모가 최종 분석 대상에 포함되었다. 전체 대상자 중 109명(86.5%)이 남아였으며 여아는 17명(13.5%)으로, 남아 대 여아의 비율은 6.41:1이었다. 대상군의 진단 분포는 자폐장애 107명(85.1%), 달리 분류되지 않는 전반적 발달장애(PDD, NOS) 17명(13.5%), 아스퍼거 씨 장애(Asperger's disorder) 2명(1.6%)이었다. 대상군 아동의 평균 연령은 $71.9{\pm}31.6$개월(range : 26~185개월)이었으며 한국판 사회성숙도 검사로 측정된 평균 사회지수(Social Quotient)는 $61.2{\pm}20.6$(range : 23.1~126), 측정 가능한 아동들의 평균 지능은 $65.0{\pm}27.7$(range : 25~126)이었다. K-CARS 점수는 $31.5{\pm}5.4$(range 18.5~46)로 나타났다. 2) 유전자 분석 : 분석한 GRIN2B 유전자의 4개 SNPs 가운데 하나의 SNP(rs1805247)에서 의미 있는 allelic transmission의 차이를 보였다. 이 SNP에서 transmission ratio(transmitted alleles/non-transmitted alleles)는 A allele과 G allele에서 각각 2.03과 .49로, A allele이 G allele에 비해 부모로부터 환자군에게 더 빈번하게 전달(preferential transmission) 되었음이 확인되었다(TDT ${\chi}^2$=12.89, p=.0003). 이는 Bonferroni correction 후에도 여전히 유의미한 수준을 유지하였다(p=.0009). 기타 3개의 SNP(rs7301328, rs1806201, rs1805502) 들에서는 의미 있는 transmission의 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p<.05). 결 론: 본 연구에서 GRIN2B 유전자의 단일유전자 다형성과 자폐스펙트럼장애 사이에 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 이는 glutamate NMDA 2B수용체 유전자가 이 질환의 발생에 관여할 가능성을 시사하는 것이라 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1469-1474
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• 2003

Twenty four weaner lambs, eight each of Marwari, Patanwadi and Merino${\times}$Patanwadi breeds (9.9 to 10.8 kg) were randomly divided into two dietary treatments on body weight basis Viz. $T_1$-conventional (Maize-38%, GN Cake-25%, Rice Polish-24%, Jaggery solution-10%, Mineral mixture-3%) and $T_2$-supplemented non conventional group (GN Cake-25%, Rice Polish-14%, Mango seed kernel-25%, Babul Pods chuni-23%, Jaggery solution-10%, Mineral mixture-3%). The Jaggery solution was prepared by mixing 6.5 kg Jaggery and 3.5 kg water. The average final body weight at the end of the experiment was recorded to be $19.33{\pm}0.76$ and $19.72{\pm}0.8kg$ in conventional and non-conventional groups, respectively. The total dry matter intake (DMI) during the entire experiment period was recorded to be $89.56{\pm}5.19$ and $95.08{\pm}1.06$ (kg/head) and $532.83{\pm}9.94$ and $566.75{\pm}10.49g/d$ in conventional and nonconventional groups, respectively. The body weight gain and body measurements did not influenced by diet. The ration effect was found to be significant when the DMI was expressed in terms of g/d. The crude protein (CP) and digestible crude protein (DCP) intake/head and per kg gain observed during experiment under conventional and non-conventional treatment group did not differ from each other. However, the total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake per kg gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented non-conventional group. The intake values of DCP and TDN were more or less in agreement with Indian Council Agricultural Research (1985) recommendations. The estimated total feed cost (Rs./animal) for experimental lambs was $274.16{\pm}8.57$ and $242.67{\pm}5.10$ in conventional and non- group, respectively. The non-conventional group had significantly (p<0.05) lower feed cost (11.6%). The return as percent of feed cost and feed cost/kg dressed weight were $92.89{\pm}5.58$ (%) and Rs. $35.40{\pm}1.11$ and $122.61{\pm}5.06$ (%) and Rs.$30.47{\pm}1.71$ in conventional and non-conventional group (p<0.05), respectively which is the reflection of significantly lower total feed cost incurred during feeding in non-conventional group. Lambs fed non-conventional based diet had similar live weights as those fed conventional diets but costed less money to achieve those weights.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 1993년도 특별강연 및 추계학술발표 개요집
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• pp.100-102
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• 1993

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.667-673
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• 2014

Eight multiparous Holstein cows ($632{\pm}12$ kg BW; $135{\pm}16$ DIM) were used in a replicated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to evaluate the effects of forage sources on rumen fermentation characteristics, performance, and microbial protein (MCP) synthesis. The forage portion of the diets contained alfalfa hay (AH), oat hay (OH), Leymus chinensis (LC), or rice straw (RS) as the primary source of fiber. Diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric, and cows were fed four corn silages based total mixed rations with equivalent nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC) and forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Dry matter intake was not affected by the source of dietary forages, ranging from 18.83 to 19.20 kg/d, consequently, milk yield was similar among diets. Because of the numerical differences in milk fat and milk protein concentrations, 4% FCM and ECM yields were unchanged (p>0.05). Mean rumen pH, NH3-N content, and concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid were not affected by the treatments (p>0.05). Dietary treatments did not affect the total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (p>0.05); however, digestibility of NDF and acid detergent fiber in RS diet was higher compared with AH, OH, and LC diets (p<0.05). Total purine derivative excretion was higher in cows fed AH, OH, and LC diets compared with those fed RS diet (p<0.05), consequently, estimated MCP synthesis was 124.35 g/d higher in cows fed AH diet compared with those fed RS diet (p<0.05). The results indicated that cows fed AH, OH, LC, and RS diets with an equivalent forage NDF and NFC have no unfavourable effect on the ruminal fermentation and productive parameters.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2383-2388
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• 2016

Background: The reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) gene is a novel transformation suppressor gene linked to several malignancies. Objective: To analyze any association between RECK gene rs10814325 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and HCC susceptibility with various clinicopathological and laboratory data. Materials and Methods: RECK gene rs10814325 SNP was estimated, using real-time PCR, in 30 HCC patients on top of HCV infection, 30 HCV related cirrhotic patients and 30 healthy controls. Results: No special pattern of association could be detected on comparing the RECK gene rs10814325 genotypes(P=0.5), or alleles(P=0.49) among the studied groups. HCC patients with TT genotype had younger age (mean of $54.1{\pm}6.0$ years vs $60.6{\pm}10.2$ years for TC/CC genotypes, P=0.035). Abdominal distension was significantly greater in TT genotype patients (75% vs 30%for TC/CC genotypes, P=0.045). The TT genotype was present in 75% of patients with lymph node metastasis. Serum GGT levels were higher in TT genotype patients [80 (48.5-134.8) IU/L vs 40 (33-87.5) IU/L for TC/CCgenotypes], and lower limb edema was observed in 60% for TT vs 20% for TC/CCgenotypes, but both just failed to reach significance (p=0.05 and p=0.06 respectively). Conclusions: RECK gene rs10814325 T>C could not be considered a risk factor for HCC development on top of HCV, but may be related to the disease progression and metastasis.