• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2023

This paper proposes a disturbance observer-based control for 6-DOF remotely operated underwater vehicles with model uncertainties. The sum of external disturbance and the forces generated from model parameters except for the inertial matrix of the hydrodynamic model is defined as a lumped disturbance in this paper. Then, the lumped disturbance caused by model uncertainties and the external forces is estimated using the disturbance observer. Fortunately, the disturbance observer is constructed as a linear form because all the elements of the inertial matrix of the hydrodynamic model are constants. To verify the proposed control scheme, we show that the actual lumped disturbance is similar to the estimated lumped disturbance obtained by the disturbance observer. Finally, the position tracking performance in the disturbance environment is confirmed through the comparative study with a traditional inverse dynamics PD controller.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2024

This paper proposes a linear model predictive control of 6-DOF remotely operated underwater vehicles using nonlinear robust internal-loop compensator (NRIC). First, we design a integrator embedded linear model prediction controller for a linear nominal model, and then let the real model follow the values calculated through forward dynamics. This work is carried out through an NRIC and in this process, modeling errors and external disturbance are compensated. This concept is similar to disturbance observer-based control, but it has the difference that H_∞ optimality is guaranteed. Finally, tracking results at trajectory containing the velocity discontinuity point and the position tracking performance in the disturbance environment is confirmed through the comparative study with a traditional inverse dynamics PD controller.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

This paper presents a control and operation system for a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The ROV used in the study was equipped with a manipulator and is being developed for underwater exploration and autonomous underwater working. Precision position and attitude control ability is essential for underwater operation using a manipulator. For propulsion, the ROV is equipped with eight thrusters, the number of those are more than six degrees-of-freedom. Four of them are in charge of surge, sway, and yaw motion, and the other four are responsible for heave, roll, and pitch motion. Therefore, it is more efficient to integrate the management of the thrusters rather than control them individually. In this paper, a thrust allocation method for thruster management is presented, and the design of a feedback controller using sensor data is described. The software for the ROV operation consists of a robot operating system that can efficiently process data between multiple hardware platforms. Through experimental analysis, the validity of the control system performance was verified.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.813-821
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• 2013

In this paper, we present the development of P-SURO II hybrid AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) which can be operated in both of AUV and ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) modes. In its AUV mode, the vehicle is supposed to carry out some of underwater missions which are difficult to be achieved in ROV mode due to the tether cable. To accomplish its missions such as inspection and maintenance of complex underwater structures in AUV mode, the vehicle is required to have high level of autonomy including environmental recognition, obstacle avoidance, autonomous navigation, and so on. In addition to its systematic development issues, some of algorithmic issues are also discussed in this paper. Various experimental studies are also presented to demonstrate these developed autonomy algorithms.

• 전자공학회지
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2011

무인잠수정(Unmanned Underwater Vehicle, UUV)은 하드웨어 구성과 관련하여 ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle), SAUV (Semi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) 등으로 구분할 수 있으며, 그 중에서 자율무인잠수정(AUV)은 주어진 임무의 난이도, 작업 환경의 정보, 그리고 운용자의 간섭 정도에 따라 다양한 수준으로 자율 정도를 분류한다. 무인잠수정은 미국을 중심으로 1952년부터 개발되기 시작하였으며 최초는 전적으로 운용자에 의해서 직접 운용되는 ROV가 주를 이루었다. 자율무인잠수정은 1980년대부터 다양한 수중관련 기술 및 컴퓨터 발전과, 민군의 사용분야가 증가되면서 급속한 발전을 이루어 왔으며 이에 따라 AUV 자율수준 정의와 기술개발도 급속한 진전이 이루어져 왔다. 본 기고에서는 무인잠수정의 개발현황, 자율개념 및 자율수준(Autonomy Levels for Underwater Vehicle, ALFUV)의 정의, 자율을 정립함에 필요한 방법 또는 기술 등을 알아보고 마지막으로 자율 알고리즘으로 개발된 구조의 표준화를 중심으로 현황을 파악하였으며 또한 미래의 자율수준 개발 동향을 살펴보았다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2015

Underwater robots generally show better performances for tasks than humans under certain underwater constraints such as. high pressure, limited light, etc. To properly diagnose in an underwater environment using remotely operated underwater vehicles, it is important to keep autonomously its own position and orientation in order to avoid additional control efforts. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to assist in the operation for the various disturbances of a remotely operated vehicle for the diagnosis of underwater structures. The conventional AHRS-based bearing estimation system did not work well due to incorrect measurements caused by the hard-iron effect when the robot is approaching a ferromagnetic structure. To overcome this drawback, we propose a sensor fusion algorithm with the camera and AHRS for estimating the pose of the ROV. However, the image information in the underwater environment is often unreliable and blurred by turbidity or suspended solids. Thus, we suggest an efficient method for fusing the vision sensor and the AHRS with a criterion which is the amount of blur in the image. To evaluate the amount of blur, we adopt two methods: one is the quantification of high frequency components using the power spectrum density analysis of 2D discrete Fourier transformed image, and the other is identifying the blur parameter based on cepstrum analysis. We evaluate the performance of the robustness of the visual odometry and blur estimation methods according to the change of light and distance. We verify that the blur estimation method based on cepstrum analysis shows a better performance through the experiments.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2012

수중의 작업 목적에 따라 ROV와 AUV의 두 가지 용도로 사용할 수 있는 새로운 구조의 변신 6자유도 수중로봇의 설계연구를 하였다. CROV의 ROV모드와 AUV모드에 대한 각각의 구조 설계연구를 수행하였으며 각각의 모드에 대한 제어시스템을 설계하고 AUV의 경우에는 추력에 따른 항해속도에 대한 해석을 수행하였다. ROV나 AUV의 정확한 위치 및 속도를 추정할 수 있도록 다양한 센서신호를 퓨전하여 처리하는 센서퓨전보드를 제작하고 확장 칼만필터를 포함하는 전체 제어시스템을 설계하고 제작하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.808-814
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 수중에서 이동하는 무인잠수정의 위치를 측정하는 방법 중의 하나인 단기선 방식(SBL)에 의한 무인잠수정(ROV)의 위치측정 실험을 하이드로폰(Hydrophone)과 DAQ(Data Aquisition) 시스템을 이용하여 수조에서 수행하였다. 실험을 위해서 4개의 하이드로폰 센서를 $3{\times}3{\times}1.7m$의 크기의 수조 벽면에 고정하여 수신 장치로 사용하고, 1개의 하이드로폰 센서는 무인잠수정에 장착하여 송신장치(Pinger)로 사용하였다. 무인잠수정 및 수조 벽에 고정된 센서들이 신호를 송수신함으로써 상호간의 위치추적이 가능하게 하는 실험을 수행하였다. 측정된 신호는 DAQ 시스템을 이용하여 데이터를 취득하였고, LabView 프로그램을 이용하여 실시간으로 무인잠수정의 위치를 계산하여 출력하였다. 위치추정에 사용된 알고리즘은 삼각측량법을 사용하였으며, X, Y방향에 대해서는 비교적 오차가 적은 추정 결과를 나타내었으나 Z방향에 대하여서는 상대적으로 큰 오차를 보여 위치제어용 데이터로 사용할 수 가 없었다. 이에 대한 해결방법으로 무인잠수정에 장착된 수심측정 센서를 이용하여 보완할 수 있을 것으로 본다. 설계된 위치측정 시스템은 추후 실해역 실험을 거쳐 성능시험을 수행하고자 한다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.454-461
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• 2019

In autonomous interventions using an underwater vehicle with a manipulator, grasping based on target detection and recognition is one of the core technologies. To complete an autonomous grasping task, the vehicle body approaches the target closely and then holds it through operating the end-effector of the manipulator, while the vehicle maintains its position and attitude without unstable motion. For vehicle motion control, it is very important to identify the hydrodynamic parameters of the underwater vehicle, including the propulsion force. This study examined the propulsion characteristics of the autonomous intervention ROV developed by KRISO, because there is a difference between the real exerted force and the expected force. First, the mapping between the input signal and thrusting force for each underwater thruster was obtained through a water tank experiment. Next, the real propulsion forces and moments of the ROV exerted by thrusting forces were directly measured using an F/T (force/torque) sensor attached to the ROV. Finally, the differences between the measured and expected values were confirmed.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.579-589
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• 2008

In the past few years, there are many studies and researches of the underwater vehicles which are carried out its mission using sonar sensors. MSCL(Marine System Control Lab.) at Inha University developed test-bed small ROV, ISRO. ISRO is an open-frame type and has 4 thrusters. ISRO can control 4 motions i.e surge, sway, yaw and heave with sonar sensors. ISRO is developed for inspection of ship hull, marine structure, plant of lake or river and so on. When ROV ISRO inspects something, it is necessary to control the position of ROV ISRO's for the movement and anti-collision with structures in the underwater. In this paper, we deal with the development of a small ROV and verification of the position control system via simulation and experiment using sonar sensors.