Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of Carthami Flos extract. Methods : Total antioxidant status was examined by total antioxidant capacity(TAC) and total antioxidant response(TAR) against potent free radical reactions. The effect of Carthami Flos extract was examined far details of total phenolic content concentration at which 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity was inhibited, the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, and the effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Results : TAC of Carthami Flos extract at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was 1.84 mM Trolox equivalent. 2. TAR of Carthami Flos extract, on the other hand, couldn't be determined due to interference from unidentified compounds. 3. Total phenolic content of Carthami Flos extract at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was 2.01 mM gallic acid equivalent. 4. Concentration of Carthami Flos extract at which DPPH radical scavenging activity was inhibited by 50% was 6.43 mg/ml as compared to 100% by Pyrogallol solution as a reference. 5. The inhibitory effect of the extract on lipid peroxidation was examined using rat liver mitochondria induced by FeS04/ascorbic acid. Carthami Flos extract at the concentration of 10 ms/ml slightly but significantly decreased TBARS concentration. The extract continued to prevent lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. 6. The effect of Carthami Flos extract on reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation was examined using a cell-free system induced by hydrogen peroxide/FeS04. Addition of 1 mg/ml of Carthami Flos extract significantly reduced dichlorofluorescein(DCF) fluorescence. Carthami Flos extract caused concentration-dependent attenuation of the increase in DCF fluorescence, indicating that the ektract significantly prevented ROS generation in vitro. Conclusion: : Antioxidant efffcts of Carffami ffor extract seem to be due, at least in part, to the prevention offree radical-induced oxidation, fellowed by inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of Mori Folium extract. Methods Total antioxidant status was examined by total antioxidant capacity(TAC) and total antioxidant response(TAR) against potent free radical reactions. The effect of Mori Folium extract was examined by measuring total phenolic content, concentration at which 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity was inhibited, inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, and the effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Results : 1. TAC and TAR of Mori Folium extract at the concentration of 5 mg/ml were 1.61 and 1.24 mM Trolox equivalents, respectively. 2. Total phenolic content of Mori Folium extract at the concentration of 5 mg/Ml was 1.70 mM gallic acid equivalent. 3. Concentration of Mori Folium extract at which DPPH radical scavenging activity was inhibited by 50% was 2.29 m9/m4 as compared to 100% by Pyrogallol solution as a reference. 4. The inhibitory effect of the extract on lipid peroxidation was examined using rat liver mitochondria induced by FeSO$_4$/ascorbic acid. Mori Folium extract at the concentration of 10 mg/ml significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) concentration. The extract prevented lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent 5. The effect of Mori Folium extract on reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation was examined using a celt-free system induced by hydrogen peroxide FeSO$_4$. Addition of 1 mg/ml of Mori Folium extract significantly reduced dichlorofluorescein(DCf) fluorescence. The extract caused concentration-dependent attenuation of the increase in DCF fluorescence, indicating that the extract significantly prevented ROS generation in vitro. Conclusion ; The antioxidant effects of Mori Folium extract seem to be due, at least in part, to the prevention offree radical-induced oxidation, fllowed by inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Kim Jin Hwa;Lee Bum Chun;Kim Jin Hui;Sim Gwan Sub;Lee Dong Hwan;Lee Kyung Eun;Yun Yeo Pyo;Pyo Hyeong Bae
Archives of Pharmacal Research
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제28권2호
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pp.195-202
/
2005
Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by UV exposure or other environmental factors are critical players in cellular damage and aging. In order to develop a new antiphotoaging agent, this work focused on the antioxidant effects of the extract of tinged autumnal leaves of Acer palmatum. One compound was isolated from an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the A. palmatum extract using silica gel column chromatography. The chemical structure was identified as apigenin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside, more commonly known as vitexin, by spectral analysis including LC-MS, FT-IR, UV, $^{1}H-$, and $^{13}C-NMR$. The biological activities of vitexin were investigated for the potential application of its anti-aging effects in the cosmetic field. Vitexin inhibited superoxide radicals by about $70\%$ at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals by about $60\%$ at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. Intracellular ROS scavenging activity was indicated by increases in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence upon exposure to UVB $20\;mJ/cm^2$ in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) after the treatment of vitexin. The results show that oxidation of 5-(6-)chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlo-rodihydrofluorescein diacetate ($CM-H_{2}DCFDA$) is inhibited by vitexin effectively and that vitexin has a potent free radical scavenging activity in UVB-irradiated HDFs. In ROS imaging using a confocal microscope we visualized DCF fluorescence in HDFs directly. In conclusion, our findings suggest that vitexin can be effectively used for the prevention of UV-induced adverse skin reactions such as free radical production and skin cell damage.
Kwon, Yu Ri;Kim, Ji Hyun;Lee, Sanghyun;Cho, Eun Ju;Kim, Hyun Young
Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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제63권4호
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pp.357-363
/
2020
Oxidative stress caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known as an etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Populus tomentiglandulosa (PT), a member of the Salicaceae family, is widely grown in Korea and has been reported to exert protective effects on cerebral ischemia by attenuating of oxidative stress and neuronal damage. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects of an ethanol extract and four fractions [n-butanol, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform, and n-hexane] of PT under in vitro and cellular systems. The extract and four fractions of PT showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), •OH, and O2- radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, the EtOAc fraction of PT had the strongest DPPH, •OH, and O2- radical scavenging activities among the extract and other fractions. Therefore, we further investigated the neuroprotective effect of the EtOAc fraction of PT against oxidative stress in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with H2O2 significantly decreased cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and it also increased the ROS levels compared to the normal group. However, treatment with the EtOAc fraction of PT significantly increased cell viability. Moreover, the EtOAc fraction of PT-treated group significantly suppressed ROS production and LDH release compared to the H2O2-induced control group. In conclusion, our findings indicated that PT had in vitro antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. Therefore, PT could be used as a natural agent for protection against oxidative stress.
Kim, Yeo Jin;Cho, Eun Ju;Lee, Ah Young;Seo, Weon Taek
Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
/
제49권2호
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pp.138-147
/
2021
The overproduction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative damage to neuronal cells, leading to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we determined the nitric oxide radical (NO), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and superoxide anion radical (O2-) scavenging activities of apigenin. Our results showed that apigenin exhibited remarkable, concentration-dependent ·OH, O2-, and NO radical scavenging activities. Particularly, apigenin indicated the strongest ·OH radical scavenging activity with 93.38% in the concentration of 100 µM. Furthermore, we also investigated the protective effects of apigenin against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. The H2O2 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, as well as an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and ROS production compared with the H2O2-nontreated SH-SY5Y cells. However, the cell viability significantly increased in the apigenin-treated group, as well as inhibited ROS generation and LDH release compared with the H2O2-induced control group. To elucidate the protective mechanisms of apigenin against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y, we analyzed the apoptosis-related protein expression. The apigenin treatment resulted in the downregulated expression of apoptosis-related protein markers, such as cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3, poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP), and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax), as well as the upregulated expression of anti-apoptosis markers such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). In this study, we report that apigenin exhibits a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that apigenin may be considered as a potential agent for neurodegenerative disease prevention.
Enzymatic extracts were prepared from the blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) collected in Jeju, Korea. Five carbohydrases namely AMG, Celluclast, Termamyl, Ultraflo and Viscozyme, and five proteases namely Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, Neutrase and Protamex were used to prepare the enzymatic extracts. Antioxidant properties of each extracts were studied using stable 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, metal chelating assays and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity in hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid system. The phenolic content of all enzymatic extracts was in the range of 517.85-597.96 mg/100 g dried sample. DPPH and NO${\cdot}$scavenging, and metal chelating assays exhibited prominent activities. Viscozyme showed the highest DPPH activity $(0.046{\pm}0.002\;mg/mL)$ while AMG Showed the highest activity in NO${\cdot}$scavenging $(0.339{\pm}0.011\;mg/mL)$. All the extracts exhibited strong metal chelating activities. Blueberry enzymatic extracts also showed relatively good activity in hydrogen peroxide scavenging. AMG showed the highest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity $(0.28{\pm}0.01\;mg/mL)$ in hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid system. In this results, the blueberry, which has potential antioxidant components, may be a good candidate as a natural antioxidant source.
To investigate the possibility of development as a whitening agent using arctigenin, we measured DPPH assay, NBT/XO assay, intracellular ROS scavenging assay, tyrosinase assay and MSH-induced melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. Arctigenin dose-dependently had anti-oxidant activity in DPPH, NBT/XO and intracellular ROS assay. Although arctigenin did not inhibit purified tyrosinase activity, it dose-dependently inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16 melanoma cells stimulated by $1{\mu}M$${\alpha}$-MSH. In particular, arctigenin at a concentration $100{\mu}M$ inhibited ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated tyrosinase activity and melanin production by $50.9{\pm}2.9%$ and $69.0{\pm}6.5%$ respectively. And typical tyrosinase inhibitor, arbutin, inhibited $57.7{\pm}2.9%$ and $65.1{\pm}5.0%$ respectively. Such an similar inhibitory effect of arctigenin and arbutin in B16 melanoma cells may be due to the inhibition of MSH signal pathway rather than the direct inhibition of tyrosinase. Therefore, these results suggest that arctigenin may be useful for the development as whitening agents.
Kwon, Kang Mu;Kim, Jun Hyeong;Yang, Jae Heon;Ki, Byeolhui;Hwang, In Hyun;Kim, Dae Keun
Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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제52권4호
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pp.251-256
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2021
Oat, the seeds of Avena sativa L. (Gramineae), is an important dietary staple for people in many countries. Previous studies reported that A. sativa had various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neurotonic, and antispasmodic activities. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of oat. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the oat methanol extract showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, SOD-3 expression was measured using GFP-expressing transgenic worm. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity compared to the control.
Kim, Jae-Yeon;Kim, Ji-Sun;Jung, Chan-Sik;Jin, Chang-Bae;Ryu, Jae-Ha
Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
/
제38권2호통권149호
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pp.170-175
/
2007
Activated microglia by neuronal injury or inflammatory stimulation overproduce nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases. The toxic peroxynitrite (ONOO$^-$), the reaction product of NO and superoxide anion further contributes to oxidative neurotoxicity. We tried to evaluate the effects of two kinds of varieties of Perilla frutescens var japnica Hara on the NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. The perilla cultivars of Namcheondeulkkae (NC) and Boradeulkkae (BR) were developed by pure line from the local variety and by a cross between 'deulkkae' and 'chajogi', respectively. Spirit, hexane, chloroform and butanol fractions of the leaves of NC and BR inhibited the production of NO in LPS-activated microglia. The fractions of BR showed stronger activity than NC and the spirit extracts was the most potent in both cultivars. The solvent fractions of BR suppressed the expression of protein and mRNA of iNOS in LPS-activated microglial cells. Moreover, the extracts of NC and BR showed the activity of peroxynitrite scavenging in cell free bioassay system. These results imply that Namcheondeulkkae and Boradeulkkae might have neuroprotective activity through the inhibition of NO production by activated microglial cells and peroxynitrite scavenging activity.
Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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제35권2호
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pp.423-432
/
2018
Arthrospira platensis is one of the oldest algae in the world and has been reported to have anti-aging properties, including phycocyanin, tocopherol and beta-carotene. In this study, we tried to search protective activities against UVB-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS) of Arthrospira platensis under indoor cultivation ethanol extracts(ICAE) and outdoor cultivation ethanol extracts(OCAE). The anti-oxidative capacities were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activities at various concentrations(0.1, 0.5, $1mg/m{\ell}$) of ICAE and OCAE. Zebrafish embryos and HaCaT cells were exposed to UVB radiation and treated with various concentrations(0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, $1mg/m{\ell}$) of ICAE and OCAE. ROS levels of zebrafish and HaCaT cells were generated by UVB radiation. ROS levels were detected using a fluorescent microscope after DCFH-DA staining. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of ascorbic acid was 73% and SOD-like activity was 86% in the positive control group. ICAE and OCAE at $1mg/m{\ell}$ concentration showed 43, 57% DPPH radical scavenging activity and 20, 19% SOD-like activity. Anti-oxidative of ICAE and OCAE had lower effects than the positive control ascorbic acid but significant results. ROS of UVB-induced zebrafish embryos and HaCaT cells were higher than negative control. ICAE and OCAE treated group decreased ROS concentration dependently than UVB-induced positive control group. These results suggest that Arthrospira platensis ethanol extract may have usability value as a cosmetic material for skin protection.
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