• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 Endlicheria anomala (Nees) Mez 메탄올 추출물(EAME)의 항산화, 항염증 및 미백 생리활성을 in vitro assay 및 cell culture model system을 이용하여 분석하였다. EAME의 항산화능을 분석한 결과 DPPH, $H_2O_2$로 유도한 ROS, LPS로 유도한 NO 등 다양한 산화적 스트레스원을 효과적으로 소거하였다. 대표적인 항산화 효소들로 천연물에 의한 항산화능 활성에 의해 주로 발현이 유도되는 세효소인 HO-1, TrxR1, NQO1 및 그 전사 인자인 Nrf2의 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 시료 처리 농도의 증가에 따라 세 효소 및 Nrf2의 발현이 유의적으로 증가됨을 보였다. 또한 EAME는 in vitro DOPA oxidation을 강하게 저해하여 tyrosinase inhibitor로서 작용할 가능성을 시사하였고 이에 B16F10 melanocyte를 이용하여 미백 효능을 분석한 결과 유의적인 melanin 생성억제능 및 tyrosinase 효소 활성 억제능을 보였으며 이는 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 등 melanin 생성의 핵심 작용 효소들의 단백질 발현 저해를 통해 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 EAME가 높은 항산화능과 항염증 활성, 그리고 미백 활성을 보유함을 처음으로 밝혔으며 향후 기능성 식품 및 피부 미용 소재로서유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 제주도에서 자생하는 37 종의 식물추출물에 대한 미백 및 항산화 효능을 조사하였다. 미백 효능은 in vitro tyrosinase 저해활성과 B16-F1 세포를 이용한 멜라닌 합성 저해효과를 조사하여 확인하였고, 항산화 효능은 DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)를 이용한 전자공여능 측정방법과 DCF-DA (dichlorofluorescin diacetate)를 이용한 V79-4 폐 섬유아세포에서 활성 산소종 소거작용 능력을 조사하여 측정하였다. 세포실험 조건에서 식물추출물들의 투여농도에 따른 세포독성 정도를 조사하기 위하여 MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay를 수행하였다. 미백 효능조사 실험에서 우수한 결과를 나타내었던 8종의 식물 추출물들은 토끼를 이용한 국소 독성 시험 및 인체 피부 자극 임상 시험에 적용하여 안전성을 조사하였다. 연구결과에서 높은 미백과 항산화 효능을 동시에 나타내었던 비수리(Lespedeza cuneata), 제주광나무(Ligustrum lucidum (stem)), 산뽕나무(Morus bombycis (stem)), 꿀풀(Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina)의 식물추출물들은 화장품 원료화에 매우 유리한 조건을 갖고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

제주모시풀에서 각종 column chromatography법을 이용하여 2종의 flavonoid를 분리하여, $^1H$-, $^{13}C-NMR$, LC ESI-IT-TOF MS를 통해 구조동정 할 수 있었다. 분리된 물질이 심장세포에서 높은 항산화 활성을 가지고 있으며, 활성 산소종의 작용기전 연구 및 심근경색 질환의 예방과 치료에 효과적으로 사용할 수 있는 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2015

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with higher metastatic rate and both local and systemic recurrence compared to non-TNBC. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to oxidative stress is associated with DNA damage, chromosomal degradation and alterations of both hypermethylation and hypomethylation of DNA. This study concerns differential methylation of promoter regions in specific groups of genes in TNBC and non-TNBC Saudi females in an effort to understand whether epigenetic events might be involved in breast carcinogenesis, and whether they might be used as markers for Saudi BCs. Methylation of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), T-cadherin (CDH13), Paired box protein 5 (PAX5), death associated protein kinase (DAPK), twist-related protein (TWIST), DNA-binding protein inhibitor (ID4), High In Normal-1 (HIN-1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16), cyclin D2 and retinoic acid receptor-${\beta}$ ($RAR{\beta}1$) genes was analyzed by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 200 archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded BC tissues divided into 3 groups; benign breast tissues (20), TNBC (80) and non-TNBC (100). The relationships between methylation status, and clinical and pathological characteristics of patients and tumors were assessed. Higher frequencies of GSTP1, ID4, TWIST, DAPK, PAX5 and HIN-1 hypermethylation were found in TNBC than in non-TNBC. Hypermethylation of GSTP1, CDH13, ID4, DAPK, HIN-1 and PAX5 increased with tumor grade increasing. Other statistically significant correlations were identified with studied genes. Data from this study suggest that increased hypermethylation of GSTP1, ID4, TWIST, DAPK, PAX5 and HIN-1 genes in TNBC than in non-TNBC can act as useful biomarker for BCs in the Saudi population. The higher frequency of specific hypermethylated genes paralleling tumor grade, size and lymph node involvement suggests contributions to breast cancer initiation and progression.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2005

Overexpression of HSP25 delayed cell growth, increased the level of $p21^{waf}$, reduced the levels of cyclin D1, cylcin A and cdc2, and induced radioresistance in L929 cells. We demonstrated that extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and MAP kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) expressions as well as their activation (phospho-forms) were inhibited by hsp25 overexpression. To confirm the relationship between ERK1/2 and hsp25-mediated radioresistance, ERK1 or ERK2 cDNA was transiently transfected into the hsp25 overexpressed cells and their radioresistance was examined. HSP25-mediated radioresistance was abolished by overexpression of ERK2, but not by overexpression of ERK1. Alteration of cell cycle distribution and cell cycle related protein expressions (cyclin D, cyclin A and cdc2) by hsp25 overexpression were also recovered by ERK2 cDNA transfection. Increase in Bc1-2 protein by hsp25 gene transfection was also reduced by subsequent ERK2 cDNA-transfection. In addition, HSP25 overexpression reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene. Increased activation of NF-kB (IkB degradation) was also found in hsp25-overexpressed cells. Moreover, transfection of hsp25 antisense gene abrogated all the HSP25-mediated phenomena. To further elucidate the exact relationship between MnSOD induction and NF-kB activation, dominant negative $I-kB\alpha(I-kB\alpha-DN)$ construction was transfected to HSP25 overexpressed cells. $I-kB\alpha-DN$ inhibited HSP25 mediated MnSOD gene expression. In addition, HSP25 mediated radioresistance was blocked by $I-kB\alpha-DN$ transfection. Blockage of MnSOD with antisense oligonucleotides in HSP25 overexpressed cells, prevented apoptosis and returned the ERK1/2 activation to the control level. From the above results, we suggest for the first time that reduced oxidative damage by HSP25 was due to MnSOD-mediated down regulation of ERK1/2.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2009

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) by oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and malignancy that are linked to metabolic syndrome. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We examined the relationship between IPF and presenting factors associated with metabolic disorders. Methods: One hundred fourteen patients who met the current consensus of IPF definition were enrolled from March 2000 to April 2006 in Gil Hospital and Samsung Medical Center in Korea. One hundred thirty-four control subjects without pulmonary diseases were selected from subjects who visited Gil hospital for routine medical examinations, including low-dose chest computed tomography from January 2002 to July 2006. Retrospectively, we analyzed the clinical characteristics, the results of blood examinations, and lung function tests from medical records of both groups. Results: IPF patients and control subjects differed in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus as assessed by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that diabetes mellitus and obesity were associated with IPF. The adjusted odds ratios for diabetes mellitus were 2.733 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.282~5.827) and 2.001 (95% [CI], 1.063~3.766) for obesity. The remaining factors tested showed no differences between the patient group and the control. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus and obesity may be associated with IPF development.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2009

작물 스트레스 내성 연구의 궁극적인 과제는 가진 형질을 극대화하여 생산량을 증대하고 외부의 환경적인 요소로부터 피해를 최소화하는 것이다. 따라서 작물의 다양한 외부 환경적 스트레스에 대응하기 위한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 특히 세포 내 신호전달 과정의 이차매개체인 칼슘에 대한 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있지만 아직까지 많은 부분이 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 모델식물인 애기장대를 이용하여 세포 내 칼슘의 주요 저장소인 액포로 칼슘을 수송하는 역할을 수행하는 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase의 형질전환 식물을 이용하여 세포 내 칼슘의 신호전달과 식물 생물학적 기능을 알아보았다. ACA11-GFP 유전자가 형질전환된 식물에서 흥미롭게도 ACA11 유전자가 발현 침묵됨으로써 세포 내 칼슘농도 항상성 조절과 신호전달 과정에 문제가 발생하고 세포질 내 활성산소가 증가되어 결국 형질전환체의 잎에서 HR과 같은 세포사멸을 유발한다는 것을 제시하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1271-1277
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 동결건조 방법과 저온 진공 건조기를 도입하여 양파를 건조한 후 유기 용매로 추출하여 인체 결장암 및 섬유육종세포에 대한 증식 억제 효과와 세포 내 활성산소종 억제 효과에 대해 비교 검토하였다. 저온 진공 건조방법으로 건조된 양파 분말의 A+M 추출물은 가장 낮은 농도인 0.5 mg/ml에서부터 농도 의존적으로 인체 섬유육종 및 결장암세포의 성장을 억제시켜 동결 건조된 양파 A+M 추출물보다 높은 증식 억제효과를 보였고(p<0.05), A+M 추출물과 비교했을 때 낮은 증식 억제효과를 나타내었으나 두 가지 건조방법에 따른 각각의 양파 MeOH 추출물도 암세포 증식 억제효과를 보였다(p<0.05). 동결건조 및 저온 진공 건조방법에 따른 양파 분획물들도 높은 암세포 증식 억제효과를 나타내었으며 그 중에서 동결 건조된 양파의 water 분획물과 hexane 분획물은 저온 진공 건조된 양파의 경우 보다 다소 높은 저해효과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 따라서 A+M 추출물과 MeOH 추출물의 경우에는 저온 진공건조에 의해 건조된 양파 추출물에 의한 암세포 증식 억제 효과가 컸으며 분획물들의 경우에는 동결 건조된 양파 추출물의 억제 효과가 다소 높았다. 지질과산화물 생성 억제효과 실험에서는 두 가지 건조 방법에 의해 건조된 양파 분말의 A+M 및 MeOH 추출물들과 그 분획물들은 첨가농도 2.5 mg/ml에서 blank군과 control군과 비교하였을 때 측정 시간 120분 동안 계속적으로 높은 세포 내 지질 과산화물 생성 억제 능력을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 세포내 활성산소종 억제효과는 동결건조에 의해 건조된 양파보다 저온 진공 건조방법에 의해 건조된 양파 분말의 추출물과 분획물들에 의한 저해효과가 더 높았다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.899-906
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• 2014

Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) promotes tumor-persistent inflammation, frequently resulting in cancer. Curcumin is a diphenolic turmeric that inhibits carcinogenesis and induces apoptosis. $PGE_2$ inhibits curcumin-induced apoptosis; however, the underlying inhibitory mechanisms in colon cancer cells remain unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate the survival role of $PGE_2$ and whether addition of exogenous $PGE_2$ affects curcumininduced cell death. HCT-15 cells were treated with curcumin and $PGE_2$, and protein expression levels were investigated via Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were confirmed using specific dyes. The nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) DNA-binding was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). $PGE_2$ inhibited curcumin-induced apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and degradation of PARP and lamin B. However, exposure of cells to the EP2 receptor antagonist, AH6809, and the PKA inhibitor, H89, before treatment with $PGE_2$ or curcumin abolished the protective effect of $PGE_2$ and enhanced curcumin-induced cell death. $PGE_2$ activates PKA, which is required for cAMP-mediated transcriptional activation of CREB. $PGE_2$ also activated the Ras/Raf/Erk pathway, and pretreatment with PD98059 abolished the protective effect of $PGE_2$. Furthermore, curcumin treatment greatly reduced phosphorylation of CREB, followed by a concomitant reduction of $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50 and p65) subunit activation. $PGE_2$ markedly activated nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$. EMSA confirmed the DNA-binding activities of $NF-{\kappa}B$ subunits. These results suggest that inhibition of curcumin-induced apoptosis by $PGE_2$ through activation of PKA, Ras, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways may provide a molecular basis for the reversal of curcumin-induced colon carcinoma cell death.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.203-203
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• 2017

The Earth's climate is rapidly changing because of increasing carbon dioxide content in atmosphere so, climate prediction models anticipate that earth surface temperature will rise by 3 to $5^{\circ}C$ in next 50 to 100 years. Therefore, frequency of un-expected weather events such as drought, salinity, low or high temperature and flooding etc. will be increasing worldwide. Furthermore, increased atmosphere temperature can influence pests and pathogens spread as well. Therefore, to protect enormous grain loss from unexpected weather conditions, studies related with combine stress conditions like abiotic plus biotic stress condition are really required. Thus, our research focused on physiological responses under combined abiotic and biotic stress condition in rice plant. To induce uniform stress condition, we used NaCl (100 mM) and salicylic acid (0.5 and 1.0 mM SA) as each stress a stimulator. Each artificial abiotic and biotic stress inducer was applied to hydroponically grown rice seedlings alone or together for four day. The data were collected in a time-dependent manner [1, 2, 3 and 4 day(s) after treatment (DAT)] and were matched with our anticipation that shoot length and shoot fresh weight was decreased in solo and combined abiotic and biotic stress condition. The lipid peroxidation content was significantly increased ($1.5{\pm}0.2$ to $2.7{\pm}0.1mg$ mg of $MDA\;g^{-1}FW$) in the first two days in both stress exposed plants, and showed the opposite trend ($0.5{\pm}0.01$ to $0.1{\pm}0.001mg$ of $MDA\;g^{-1}FW$) in last two days under multi stress condition. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity did not showed difference in only biotic stress condition (alone 0.5 and 1.0 mM SA) as compared to control however, it was significantly increased in multi stress condition or solo abiotic stress condition whereas, catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were significantly decreased in solo biotic and combined abiotic and biotic condition. In particular, both enzymes activities were more decreased in multi stress condition as compared to solo biotic stress condition. The results for relative mRNA expression level of CAT and APX enzymes were in agreement with results of spectrophotometric values. Correlation value between each stress condition and phenotypic data showed that biotic stress condition showed high correlation with activity of CAT and APX whilst, abiotic stress condition revealed significant correlation with SOD activity.