• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
• /
• v.35C no.8
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 1998

In this paper, we propose a memory compiler to genrate embedded RAMs and ROMs for ASIC chips. We design the leaf cells to be compsoed of memory blocks. The compiler is built using tile-based method to simplify routing. The compiler can genrate any memory layouts to satisfy 64 to 4096 words and 4 to 256 bits per word. The technology we used here is 0.8.mu.m single poly double metal CMOS process. The address access time and power consumption are verifie dthrough the HSPICE simulation.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 1984

In this paper we present a microprocessor-based interpolator using algebraic arithmetic method. The interpolator consists of 2900 "bit-slice" microprocessor chips and 0.5K ROMs of 36-bit microprogram memory. The system design is an instuction-data-based architecture with 250ns cycle time. A significant feature of the interpolator is that it has flexibility, very fast interpolation speed of 250 K pulses/sec, and performs additional functions simultaneously. Throughout the paper detailed explanations are given as to how one can design the hardware and software, and experimental results are presented.presented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.591-600
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise training using biofeedback and constraint-induced movement on the upper extremity function of hemiplegic patients. Method: A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. Study subjects were a conveniently selected group of 40 hemiplegic patients(20 experimental subjects, 20 control subjects) who have been enrolled in two community health centers. After biofeedback training the subjects of experimental group were given constraint-induced movement, involving restraint of unaffected U/E in a sling for about 6 hours in a day over a period of two weeks, while at the same time intensively training the affected U/E. Outcomes were evaluated on the basis of the VIE motor ability(hand function, grip power, pinch power, U/E ROMs), and motor activity(amount, quality). Result: 1. After 2 weeks of treatment, the motor abilities of affected U/E(hand function, grip power, pinch power, ROMs of wrist flexion, elbow flexion and shoulder flexion/extension) were significantly higher in subjects who participated in exercise training than in subjects in the control group with no decrement at 4-week follow-up. However, there was no significant difference in wrist extension between experimental or control group. 2. After 2 weeks of treatment, the amount of use and the quality of motor activity of affected U/E were significantly higher in subjects who participated in exercise training than in subjects in the control group with no decrement at 4-week follow-up. Conclusion: The above results state that exercise training using biofeedback and constraint-induced movement could be an effective intervention for improving U/E function of chronic hemiplegic patients. Long-term studies are needed to determine the lasting effects of constraint-induced movement.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.626-635
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explain the effects of upper extremity exercise program on hemiplegic stroke patients. Method: The research was designed by a non-equivalent pretest-posttest way. The data were collected from February to August 2003 at a community health center located in Seoul. The study subjects were a conveniently selected group of 27 hemiplegic patients. The subjects were divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. 14 subjects were assigned to the experimental group in which the subjects did the upper extremity exercise training for 2 hours once a week during four weeks, while 13 subjects were assigned to the control group. The outcomes were evaluated on the basis of the upper extremity motor ability(hand power, pinch power, upper extremity ROMs), amount of motor use and the degree of depression. Result: 1. After treatment, the motor abilities of the affected upper extremity(hand power, pinch power, ROMs of wrist flexion/extension, shoulder extension) were significantly different between the two groups. However, there were no significant differences in elbow and shoulder flexion between experimental and control group. 2. After treatment, amount of motor use of affected upper extremity were significantly different between the two groups. 3. After treatment, the degree of depression were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: In considering these results, the upper extremity exercise program could be effective for hemiplegic patients by improving the function of their upper extremity. Long-term studies are needed to determine the effects of upper extremity exercise program.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.431-436
• /
• 2009

Objective : This study examines whether functional motion is present at one or more years after Bioflex System placement. BioFlex System is a flexible rod system which has been used to preserve motion at the area of implantation. There has not been a scientific study showing how much motion is preserved after implantation. Methods : A total of 12 consecutive patients underwent posterior dynamic stabilization using the BioFlex System. Six patients were treated using a L3-4-5 construct and other six patients using a L4-5-S1 construct. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 33 months and standing neutral lateral, extension, flexion and posteroanterior (PA) radiographs were obtained at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and at more than 12 months postoperatively. Range of motion (ROM), whole lumbar lordosis, and ROMs of motion segments from L2 to S1 were determined. Results : Patients with a L3-4-5 construct demonstrated a decrease in mean ROM for whole lumbar decreased from 40.08 to 30.77. Mean ROM for L3-4 (6.12 to 2.20) and L4-5 (6.55 to 1.67) also decreased after one year. Patients with a L4-5-S1 construct demonstrated L4-5 (8.75 to 2.70) and L5-S1 (9.97 to 3.25) decrease of mean ROM at one year postoperatively. Lumbar lordosis was preservep at both L3-4-5 and L4-5-S1 constructs. Clinical results showed significant improvements in both study groups. Conclusion : The present study provides preliminary information regarding the BioFlex motion preservation system. We conclude that the BioFlex System preserves functional motion to some degree at instrumented levels. However, although total lumbar lordosis was preserved, ROMs at implantation segments were lower than preoperative values.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2014

This study investigates spatial and temporal variations in the generation and propagation of internal tides around the Korea Strait using a three-dimensional high resolution model (Regional Ocean Modeling System; ROMS). The model results were verified through comparison with in-situ current measurements from an array of 12 acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed in the Korea Strait. Fluxes and distributions of internal tidal energy were calculated using simulation results gathered in February and August. Our analyses reveal that energetic semidiurnal internal tides are generated in a region around the Korea Strait shelf break ($35.5^{\circ}N$, $130^{\circ}{\sim}130.5^{\circ}E$), where the strong cross-slope semidiurnal barotropic tidal currents interact with a sudden topographical change. The semidiurnal internal tidal energy generated in summer displays values about twice as large as values in winter. Propagation of semidiurnal internal tides also reveals seasonal variability. In February, most of the semidiurnal internal tides propagate only into the open basin of the East Sea due to weak stratification in the Korea Strait, which inhibits their southwestward propagation. In August, they propagate southwestward to $35.2^{\circ}N$ along the western channel of the Korea Strait because of strong stratification. In addition, semidiurnal internal tides generated in a region west of Tsushima Island are found to propagate to the coast of Busan. This can be explained by the intensified stratification due to the strong intrusion of bottom cold water in the western channel of the Korea Strait during summer.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.786-792
• /
• 2016

Camellia was jointly developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation in 2000. Camellia specifies the 128-bit message block size and 128-, 192-, and 256-bit key sizes. In this paper, a modified round operation block which unifies a register setting for key schedule and a conventional round operation block is proposed. 16 ROMs needed for key generation and round operation are implemented using only 4 dual-port ROMs. Due to the use of a message buffer, encryption/decryption can be executed without a waiting time immediately after KA and KB are calculated. The suggested block cipher Camellia algorithm is designed using Verilog-HDL, implemented on Virtex4 device and operates at 184.898MHz. The designed cryptographic core has a maximum throughput of 1.183Gbps in 128-bit key mode and that of 876.5Mbps in 192 and 256-bit key modes. The cryptographic core of this paper is applicable to security module of the areas such as smart card, internet banking, e-commerce and satellite broadcasting.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.63-76
• /
• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of scapular stabilization exercise before rotator cuff surgery on pain and range of motion of middle-aged women. Method : 20 subjects who agreed on this experiment and were diagnosed with rotator cuff rupture participated in this study. Experimental groups were treated while 40 minutes a day, 5 times per week, for 2 weeks before surgery. The effects of scapular stabilization exercise were evaluated on VAS and range of motion. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS for windows ver. 20.0 program. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to examine a significance of each variable by time. Two-way repeated ANOVA was applied to examine a significance of the experimental group against the control group. In all statistical tests, the significance level was set by ${\alpha}=.05$. Result : The results of this study are as follows: 1) In both control and experimental groups, VASs were decreased significantly according to intervention period. There was no significant difference between VASs of two groups. 2) In both control and experimental groups, ROMs of shoulder, flexion, abduction and external rotation were increased significantly according to intervention period. In these three flexibility measurement variables, there were significant differences between ROMs of two groups. Conclusion : In view of all the results in this study, scapular stabilization exercise on before rotator cuff surgery proved to be effective in improving their pain, range of motion after surgery. It will be sufficient data to perform with their own exercise program.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this work was to ascertain the effects of cervical traction on the pain, the range of motion and the quality of sleep of the older women with the tension headache. Method : 25 subjects between ages 66 and 82 who agreed on this experiment and diagnosed with tension headache participated in this study. All subjects were treated with air-pressure cervical traction while 20 minutes a day, 3 times per week, for 4 weeks. The effects of air-pressure cervical traction were evaluated by PSQI(Pittsburgh sleep quality index), a pain last a day, VAS, and four ROMs. In order to investigate the effect of age on the treatment, subjects were divided into two groups, of less and of over than age 75. The measured data were analyzed by using one-way repeated ANOVA and two-way repeated ANOVA. Result : 1) The group of less than age 75 showed the significant improvements in all measurement variables, PSQI, a pain last a day, VAS and four ROMs. 2) The group of over than age 75 showed the significant improvements in all measurement variables excluding the flexion ROM of cervical. 3) No significant differences between two groups were showed in all measurement variables, but the interaction effect between group and period was significant in only VAS. Conclusion : From the results of this study, a cervical traction intervention using an air-pressure cervical traction proved to be effective on the reduction of tension headache and the improvement of the quality of sleep.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2022

In order to improve the accuracy of particle tracking prediction techniques near the Korean Strait, this study compared and analyzed a particle tracking model based on a seawater flow numerical model and a machine learning based on a particle tracking model using field observation data. The data used in the study were the surface drifter buoy movement trajectory data observed in the Korea Strait, prediction data by machine learning (linear regression, decision tree) using the tide and wind data from three observation stations (Gageo Island, Geoje Island, Gyoboncho), and prediciton data by numerical models (ROMS, MOHID). The above three data were compared through three error evaluation methods (Correlation Coefficient (CC), Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE), and Normalized Cumulative Lagrangian Separation (NCLS)). As a final result, the decision tree model had the best prediction accuracy in CC and RMSE, and the MOHID model had the best prediction results in NCLS.