• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2012

Background : Patients with frozen shoulder have pain and limited range of motion (ROM) at the affected shoulder. Shoulder pain of these patients usually decreases with recovery of range of motion. The aim of this study is to identify effects of static stretching and hold-relax on recovering ROM and reducing pain of patients with frozen shoulder. Methods : In this study, 15 patients with frozen shoulder who were only treated with physical therapy were recruited. Patients who received any surgical procedure or hydrotherapy were excluded. The subjects were divided randomly into 3 groups; control(n=5), static stretching(n=5) and hold-relax(n=5) groups. Patients were treated with stretching and the total number of treatments was 12 times. The ROM was measured at baseline, after fourth, eighth and final treatments. Shoulder pain and disability index(SPADI) scores were assessed before and after doing all treatments. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze ROM change within each group. Changes of ROM between groups was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by post hot analysis(Tukey's HSD). SPADI score within each group analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Study Design : Repeated measures design. Result : There were significant differences of ROM in both treatment groups except internal rotation of static stretching group. ROM was significantly increased in treatment groups compared with control group, but the difference of ROM change between two treatment groups did not differ significantly. SPADI scores for treatment groups significantly decreased compared with pre-SPADI score. Conclusion : The result suggests that hold-relax can be more effective than static stretching to recover range of motion and alleviate shoulder pain on patients with frozen shoulder.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

Background: The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of Spencer technique on the range of motion (ROM), Pain, function in patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Methods: subjects consisted of 30patients who were diagnosed shoulder adhesive capsulitis. All subjects are randomly assigned to 2groups: Spencer technique (ST) group (n=15), self assistive ROM exercise(S-A ROM E) group (n=15). The subjects performed an intervention program 30 minuets per day and was repeated 3 times a week for 4 weeks a total of 12 times. ROM of flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation were measured using a goniometer. The visual analog scale (VAS), Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) were used to measure pain, functional ability. Results: In the intergroup comparisons after the intervention, ROM of flexion, abduction, internal rotation, VAS, SPADI were significantly different(p<.05). Spencer technique was more effective for improving ROM, pain, functional ability than self assistive ROM exercise. Conclusions: Our study suggest that considering Spencer technique for the patient with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Further studies on Spencer technique are needed in the future.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2015

This study aimed to compare the characteristics of breast cancer surgery and shoulder surgery patients on the shoulder range of motion (ROM), degree of pain and dysfunction, and scapular position. This study was carried out with a total of 90 women: a breast cancer surgery group (BS, $n_1=30$), a shoulder surgery group (SS, $n_2=30$) and a control group ($n_3=30$). Shoulder ROM, the Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale (QVAS), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Scapular Index (SI) were used to assess shoulder function. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way analysis of variance, crosstab test, and independent sample t-test. Post-hoc testing was carried out with Bonferroni test. There were significant differences in shoulder ROM when the BS and the SS were compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in ROM between the BS and SS. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in shoulder pain between both surgery groups, and there was greater shoulder dysfunction in the SS than in the BS. There was also a significant difference in upper extremity posture when the BS and the SS were compared to the control group. Finally, there was no significant difference in upper extremity posture between the BS and the SS. This study compared shoulder ROM, pain, dysfunction, and upper extremity postures between the BS and SS. While there were no significant differences in shoulder ROM, pain, and upper extremity posture between both surgery groups, the level of dysfunction was found to be significantly different. Therefore, health professionals managing for breast cancer surgery or shoulder surgery patients should consider these outcomes.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate a influence in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and self-assisted ROM exercise of shoulder adhesive capsulitis. METHODS: The methods of the study was to investigate a change in range of motion (ROM), an increase in ROM, visual analogue scale (VAS) and disability questionnaire by Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and self-assisted ROM exercise on 32 patients who were diagnosed with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups who were treated in the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and self-assistive ROM exercise group for flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, VAS and disability questionnaire. Both group's flexion, extension, internal ratation, and external rotation levels were significantly different before and after the treatment. And significant statistical decrease in VAS and disability was seen. The extension of the shoulder joint was closely related to external rotation (r=0.84). There was a close relationship between internal rotation and external rotation at the shoulder joint. There was no increased range of extension through the exercise method. However, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, VAS, and disability questionnaire of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation groups were obviously higher than in the self-assisted ROM exercise group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggest that considering Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation for the patient who has shoulder adhesive capsulitis in clinic.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 1996

For effective rehabilitation of the shoulder, physical therapists must have correct knowledge of shoulder movements. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between shoulder movements and the rotation of the humerus in the sagittal, coronal and scapular planes. Fifty normal subjects(25 male, 25 female) were tested using a Dualar-plus digital goniometer and an air-splint. The subjects performed active shoulder elevation in each plane with the humerus rotated in both medial and lateral directions. The range of motion(ROM) of the glenohumeral joint was measured three times. The paired t-test was used to determine the difference in ROM between medial and lateral rotation of the humerus. Results showed that, in the sagittal and the coronal planes, there was a significant difference(p < 0.01) in ROM of the shoulder between medial rotation and lateral rotation which was greater. But in the scapular plane, there was no difference between medial and lateral rotation. Physical therapists should consider these results when the goal of treatment is to increase ROM of the shoulder.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2024

Background: Limitations of shoulder range of motion (ROM), particularly shoulder internal rotation (SIR), are commonly associated with musculoskeletal disorders in both the general population and athletes. The limitation can result in connective tissue lesions such as superior labrum tears and symptoms such as rotator cuff tears and shoulder impingement syndrome. Maintaining the center of rotation of the glenohumeral joint during SIR can be challenging due to the compensatory scapulothoracic movement and anterior displacement of the humeral head. Therefore, observing the path of the instantaneous center of rotation (PICR) using the olecranon as a marker during SIR may provide valuable insights into understanding the dynamics of the shoulder joint. Objects: The aim of the study was to compare the displacement of the olecranon to measure the rotation control of the humeral head during SIR in individuals with and without restricted SIR ROM. Methods: Twenty-four participants with and without restricted SIR ROM participated in this study. The displacement of olecranon was measured during the shoulder internal rotation control test (SIRCT) using a Kinovea (ver. 0.8.15, Kinovea), the 2-dimensional marker tracking analysis system. An independent t-test was used to compare the horizontal and vertical displacement of the olecranon marker between individuals with and without restricted SIR ROM. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Vertical displacement of the olecranon was significantly greater in the restricted SIR group than in the control group (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the horizontal displacement of the olecranon (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that individuals with restricted SIR ROM had significantly greater vertical displacement of the olecranon. The results suggest that the limitation of SIR ROM may lead to difficulty in rotation control of the humeral head.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of hominis placenta pharmacopuncture and chuna manual therapy in patients with frozen shoulder. Methods: Frozen shoulder was treated with hominis placenta pharmacopuncture and chuna manual therapy, and the overall shoulder pain was measured by visual analog scale (VAS), and the range of motion (ROM) of shoulder movement was evaluated by measuring passive abduction and external rotation and active hand to shoulder blade test. Results: After the treatment, overall shoulder pain was reduced, and ROM of passive abduction and external rotation was increased. Conclusions: The above results show that hominis placenta pharmacopuncture and chuna manual therapy can be used as an effective treatment for frozen shoulder.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2023

Background: Posterior capsule tightness (PCT), commonly seen in overhead athletes, is a soft tissue adaptation that is also noted in non-throwers. PCT is associated with scapular and humeral kinematic alterations, significant restriction of shoulder internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), and significant scapular anterior tilting. Sleeper and cross-body stretches (CBS) are suggested for PCT and IR deficits, and have been modified since introduction. A novel modified sleeper stretch (NMSS) was designed in this study to prevent the risk of anterior translation of the humeral head. Though the effects of posterior shoulder stretching exercise have been widely studies, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the effectiveness of posterior shoulder exercises in decreasing scapular anterior tilting. Objects: To compare the immediate effects of two posterior shoulder stretching exercises (NMSS and CBS) on scapular anterior tilting and shoulder IR ROM. Methods: Thirty-two subjects with anteriorly tilted scapula and IR deficits [mean age: 24.3 ± 2.5 years; 15 males and 17 females] participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the NMSS or CBS groups. Scapular anterior tilting (at rest and at shoulder 60° active IR) and shoulder IR ROM were measured before and immediately after intervention. Results: Scapular anterior tilting significantly decreased, while the shoulder IR ROM significantly increased in both groups. However, there was no significant group-by-time interaction effect or significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: Both stretching exercises were effective in restoring shoulder IR ROM and decreasing scapular anterior tilting.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of thoracic vertebral region's Du mai(督脈) and Jia ji xue(夾脊穴) intervention on active range of motion(ROM) restricted shoulder pain. Methods : 1. Measurement : The unpleasantness of pain was measured by visual analogue scale(VAS), and ROM was measured by using Goniometer and scratch test. 2. Intervention : Use Acupuncture and bee venom injection in thoracic vertebral region's Du mai(督脈) and Jia ji xue(夾脊穴) that display main tender points. Results : The pain and ROM were improved after thoracic vertebral region intervention. Conclusion : Thoracic vertebral region intervention was effective to active ROM restricted shoulder pain, to reduce the pain and to improve ROM. And this study shows that active ROM restricted shoulder pain and thoracic vertebral region's tender points are connected to each other. Also, region that suggest main tender points previews region of thoracic vertebrae 5-8.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to evaluate pain and range of motion in the frozen shoulder and to compare Hold-Relax technique with ROM exercise. Twenty-eight frozen shoulder patients between 41 nod 76 years of age were selected and were divided equally by random distribution into a Hold-Relax technique group and a ROM exercise group. To analyze the therapeutic effect between the two groups, two measurements were taken. A measurement of pain was taken by visual analogue scale and a measurement of range of motion was taken by measuring flexion and abduction degrees with a goniometer. The results were as followings : 1. The Hold-Relax group is more effective in decreasing the pain than the ROM exercise group. 2. The Hold-Relax group is more effective in increasing the range of flexion at the shoulder than the ROM exercise group. 3. The Hold-Relax group is more effective in increasing the range of abduction at the shoulder than the ROM exercise group.