• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1635-1640
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• 2004

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate developmental gene expression of antimicrobial peptide PR-39 and effect of zinc oxide on gene regulation of PR-39 in piglets using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In experiment 1, fifteen female Tai-Hu pigs (a local breed in China) in five groups, each of three pigs at 1, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days of age were used to determine effect of age and weaning on mRNA expression of PR-39. In experiment 2, nine groups of pigs (total seventy-two female 36 days-age weanling Tai-Hu piglets) were assigned to three treatments (${ZnO}_0$, ${ZnO}_{100}$ and ${ZnO}_{3000}$). The feeding experimental period lasted 15 days. After feeding experiment, nine pigs with three animals in each treatment were chosen to determine the effect of ZnO on PR-39 mRNA expression of pigs. The results showed that PR-39 mRNA levels increased steadily in postnatal day 1-28 (preweaning), and weaning significantly decreased PR-39 mRNA expression of piglets (p<0.05). ${ZnO}_{3000}$ (3,000 mg zinc/kg diet) significantly increased PR-39 mRNA expression (p<0.05) when piglets were feed ${ZnO}_{3000}$ diet for 15 days. ${ZnO}_{100}$ (100 mg zinc/kg diet) also increased PR-39 gene expression, but the result was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The result was in accordance with the effect of ${ZnO}_{3000}$ and ${ZnO}_{100}$ on weight gain of piglets and prevention of diarrhea.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.90.2-91
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2007

Inositol hexaphosphate ($IP_6$) is a major constituent of most cereals, legumes, nuts, oil seeds and soybean. Previous studies reported the anticancer effect of $IP_6$ and suggested that co-treatment of $IP_6$ with inositol may enhance anticancer effect of $IP_6$. Although the anticancer effect of $IP_6$ has been intensively studied, the combinational effect of $IP_6$ and inositol and involved mechanisms are not well understood so far. In the present study, we investigated the effect of $IP_6$ and myo-inositol (MI) on cell cycle regulation and apoptosis using PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. When cell, were co-treated with $IP_6$ and MI, the extent of cell growth inhibition was significantly increased than that by $IP_6$ alone. To identify the effect of $IP_6$ and MI on apoptosis, the activity of caspase-3 was measured. The caspase-3 activity was significantly increased when cells were treated with either $IP_6$ alone or both $IP_6$ and MI, with no significant enhancement by co-treatment. To investigate the effect of $IP_6$ and MI of cell cycle arrest, we measured p21 mRNA expression in PC3 cells and observed significant increase in p21 mRNA by $IP_6$. But synergistic regulation by co-treatment with $IP_6$ and MI was not observed. In addition, there was no significant effect by co-treatment compared to $IP_6$ treatment on the regulation of cell cycle progression although $IP_6$ significantly changed cell cycle distribution in the presence of MI or not. Therefore, these findings support that $IP_6$ has anticancer function by induction of apoptosis and regulation of cell cycle. However, synergistic effect by MI on cell cycle regulation and apoptosis was not observed in PC3 prostate cancer cells.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2024

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of enzymolysis fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) on egg production performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, serum reproductive hormone levels, and the mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor of laying hens in the late-laying stage. Methods: A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (age, 390 days) were randomly categorized into four groups. Hens in the control (C) group were fed a basic diet devoid of CHMs, the crushed CHM (CT), fermented CHM (FC), and enzymatically fermented CHM (EFT) groups received diets containing 2% crushed CHM, 2% fermented CHM, and 2% enzymatically fermented CHM, respectively. Results: Compared with crushed CHM, the acid detergent fiber, total flavonoids, and total saponins contents of fermented CHM showed improvement (p<0.05); furthermore, the neutral and acid detergent fiber, total flavonoids, and total saponins contents of enzymatically fermented CHM improved (p<0.05). At 5 to 8 weeks, hens in the FC and EFT groups showed increased laying rates, haugh unit, albumin height, yolk color, shell thickness, and shell strength compared with those in the C group (p<0.05). Compared with the FC group, the laying rate, albumin height, and Shell thickness in the EFT group was increased (p<0.05). Compared with the C, CT, and FC groups, the EFT group showed reduced serum total cholesterol and increased serum luteinizing hormone levels and mRNA expressions of follicle stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that the ETF group improved the laying rate and egg quality and regulated the lipid metabolism in aged hens. The mechanism underlying this effect was likely related to cell wall degradation of CHM and increased serum levels of luteinizing hormone and mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.434-441
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• 2009

Ferroportin-1 (FPN) is a transporter protein that is known to mediate iron export from macrophages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of copper on the regulation of FPN gene expression in J774 mouse macrophage cells. J774 cells were treated with various concentrations of $CuSO_4$ and RT-PCR analyses were performed to measure the steady-state levels of mRNAs for FPN and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1, an iron importer). Copper treatment significantly increased FPN mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner, but didn't change the levels of DMT1 mRNA. Experiments with transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D (0.5 ${\mu}g$/mL) revealed that copper treatment did not affect the half-life of FPN mRNAs in J774 cells. On the other hand, results from luciferase reporter assays showed that copper directly stimulated the promoter activity of FPN. In summary, our data showed copper induced FPN mRNA of macrophages via a transcriptional rather than post-transcriptional mechanisms.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 1997

Melanin pigmentation in human skin is a major defense mechanism against ultraviolet light of the sun. Tyrosinase(EC 1.14.18.1) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of ultraviolet of melanin. This is why much researches have been focused on its regulation in controlling the epidermal melanization. We have found that the water-extract of Banha(Pinelliae ternate B.), an oriental medicinal plant, has no tyrosinase inhibitory activity, but does inhibit the melanin biolsynthesis in B16 mouse melanin cells. We also found that Banha extract lowers the tyrosinase activity in cultured cells. To elucidate the action mechanism of Banha extract we have investigated its effect on the tyrosinase mRNA level using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. It was revealed that Banha extract reduced the tyrosinase mRNA level in dose dependent manner; when B16 mouse melanoma cells were cultured with 2mg/ml and 5mg/ml of Banha extract, there were 20% and 44% decrease in tyrosinase mRNA level, respectively. These data suggest that the Banha extract exerts its melanogenic inhibitory effect through the transcriptional regulation of tyrosinase mRNA.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2015

The role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to regulate expression of genes seems to be very important. RBPs play important roles in RNA related bioprocess such as transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, transport, localization, translation, turn over and maintenance of structure. Despite of many researches on RNA binding proteins, detailed mechanisms of these proteins have not been fully understood. It seems that many parts of RBPs remains unknown and should be characterized for the better understanding of gene expression. Recently, genetic, biochemical, and bioinformatic analysis of genomes revealed a vast array of RBPs and many parts are interesting to understand bioprocessing including gene expression.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2010

The yeast three-hybrid system (Y3H), a powerful method for identifying RNA-binding proteins, still suffers from many false positives, due mostly to RNA-independent interactions. In this study, we attempted to efficiently identify false positives by introducing a tetracycline operator (tetO) motif into the RPR1 promoter of an RNA hybrid expression vector. We successfully developed a tight tetracycline-regulatable RPR1 promoter variant containing a single tetO motif between the transcription start site and the A-box sequence of the RPR1 promoter. Expression from this tetracycline-regulatable RPR1 promoter in the presence of tetracycline-response transcription activator (tTA) was positively controlled by doxycycline (Dox), a derivative of tetracycline. This on-off control runs opposite to the general knowledge that Dox negatively regulates tTA. This positively controlled RPR1 promoter system can therefore efficiently eliminate RNA-independent false positives commonly observed in the Y3H system by directly monitoring RNA hybrid expression.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.453-457
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• 2020

The right-handed double-helical structure of DNA (B-DNA), which follows the Watson-Crick model, is the canonical form of DNA existing in normal physiological settings. Even though an alternative left-handed structure of DNA (Z-DNA) was discovered in the late 1970s, Z-form nucleic acid has not received much attention from biologists, because it is extremely unstable under physiological conditions, has an ill-defined mechanism of its formation, and has obscure biological functions. The debate about the physiological relevance of Z-DNA was settled only after a class of proteins was found to potentially recognize the Z-form architecture of DNA. Interestingly, these Z-DNA binding proteins can bind not only the left-handed form of DNA but also the equivalent structure of RNA (Z-RNA). The Z-DNA/RNA binding proteins present from viruses to humans function as important regulators of biological processes. In particular, the proteins ADAR1 and ZBP1 are currently being extensively re-evaluated in the field to understand potential roles of the noncanonical Z-conformation of nucleic acids in host immune responses and human disease. Despite a growing body of evidence supporting the biological importance of Z-DNA/RNA, there remain many unanswered principal questions, such as when Z-form nucleic acids arise and how they signal to downstream pathways. Understanding Z-DNA/RNA and the sensors in different pathophysiological conditions will widen our view on the regulation of immune responses and open a new door of opportunity to develop novel types of immunomodulatory therapeutic possibilities.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine, by the reverse transcription chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Immunostain assays, epidermal growth factor mRNA expression in bovine ova during oocyte maturation in vitro(0-2lh)and after fertilization in vitro(6-144hr: zygotes to blastocysts). In this study, the transcripts of EGF was detected in oocytes using primers for EGF. Transcripts for EGF mRNA was not detected in oocytes through in vitro maturation. But EGF mRNA were present after fertilization up to the 2-cell stage and the blastocyst stage. The highest mRNA levels in 4-cell stage embryos were decreased at 8cell stage and then reincreased upto morulae and blastocysts. The results of this study showed EGF mRNA are present in embryo after fertilization and this factors are involved in the regulation of bovine embryo development.